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106,211 results on '"M Kato"'

1. A new record of Liparis longiracemosa Tsutsumi, T. Yukawa et M. Kato from Ashiu Research Forest, Kyoto University

Author

SAKAGUCHI, Shota, TSURUTA, Kenji, MITSUTA, Shigeyuki, FUKUMOTO, Shigeru, SETOGUCHI, Hiroaki, and ISHIHARA, Masae

Subjects
クモキリソウ属, 希少植物, Liparis, Rare plant, New locality, 新産地, Orchidaceae, ラン科
Abstract

2020年7月初旬，京都大学芦生研究林の標高630m付近において，トチノキの樹幹上でラン科クモキリソウ属植物が開花しているのが発見された．形態観察と分子系統分析により種同定を行ったところ，芦生研究林新産のアキタスズムシソウであることが判明した．1930年代の古い標本記録も含め，京都府下では3地点の産地のみが知られる希少種であり，芦生研究林は府下第4番目の重要産地となった．, In early July 2020, flowering individuals of an unidentified Liparis sp. (Orchidaceae) were found on the trunks of Japanese horse chestnut trees at 630 m a.s.l. in Ashiu Forest Research Station, Kyoto University. Based on the results of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, the species was identified as L. longiracemosa Tsutsumi, T. Yukawa et M. Kato, which is a new record for Ashiu. Liparis longiracemosa is an endangered orchid with only three known localities in Kyoto Prefecture (including an old herbarium record from the 1930s), and our discovery revealed Ashiu Research Forest as a new important locality for this species in Kyoto., ファイルを差し替え（2023-06-29）

Published
2022

2. Flat Structures associated with Valentiner's Reflection Group : Based on Joint Work with M. Kato and T. Mano (Various Issues relating to Representation Theory and Non-commutative Harmonic Analysis)

Author

Sekiguchi, Jiro and Sekiguchi, Jiro

Abstract

We shall explain how flat coordinates, potential vector fields and algebraic solutions to Painlevé Vl equation arise from free diviors, taking as an example, Valentiner s reflectiong group which is sometimes denoted by ST27 group.

Published
2017

3. Deparia boryana M. Kato

Author

Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan, and Wang, Qing-Feng

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Athyriaceae, Deparia, Polypodiales, Biodiversity, Polypodiopsida, Plantae, Deparia boryana, Taxonomy
Abstract

Deparia boryana (Willd.) M.Kato — Habit: Fern. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ; 1 300–2 700 m. Distribution: I. Voucher: Castle Forest, along shaded river, Alt. 2042 m, 2 Sep. 1979, Schippers K553 (WAG). References: Fries et al. (1924b), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a), Verdcourt (2003), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E., Fries, T. C. E. & Christensen, C. (1924 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. VI. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 9 (83): 173 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994334","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467","Verdcourt, B. (2003) Woodsiaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 26 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Published
2022
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4. Complete suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells supplemented with suppressors of spontaneous differentiation

Author

Mami Matsuo-Takasaki, Sho Kambayashi, Yasuko Hemmi, Tamami Wakabayashi, Tomoya Shimizu, Yuri An, Hidenori Ito, Kazuhiro Takeuchi, Masato Ibuki, Terasu Kawashima, Rio Masayasu, Manami Suzuki, Yoshikazu Kawai, Masafumi Umekage, Tomoaki M Kato, Michiya Noguchi, Koji Nakade, Yukio Nakamura, Tomoyuki Nakaishi, Naoki Nishishita, Masayoshi Tsukahara, and Yohei Hayashi

Subjects
induced pluripotent stem cells, suspension culture, protein kinase C, WNT, bioreactor, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising resources for producing various types of tissues in regenerative medicine; however, the improvement in a scalable culture system that can precisely control the cellular status of hiPSCs is needed. Utilizing suspension culture without microcarriers or special materials allows for massive production, automation, cost-effectiveness, and safety assurance in industrialized regenerative medicine. Here, we found that hiPSCs cultured in suspension conditions with continuous agitation without microcarriers or extracellular matrix components were more prone to spontaneous differentiation than those cultured in conventional adherent conditions. Adding PKCβ and Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors in the suspension conditions suppressed the spontaneous differentiation of hiPSCs into ectoderm and mesendoderm, respectively. In these conditions, we successfully completed the culture processes of hiPSCs, including the generation of hiPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the expansion of bulk population and single-cell sorted clones, long-term culture with robust self-renewal characteristics, single-cell cloning, direct cryopreservation from suspension culture and their successful recovery, and efficient mass production of a clinical-grade hiPSC line. Our results demonstrate that precise control of the cellular status in suspension culture conditions paves the way for their stable and automated clinical application.

Published
2024
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5. Research Conducted by M. Kato and Co-Researchers Has Updated Our Knowledge about Catheterization (Multicenter database registry for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Japan Endoscopic Database Project)

Subjects
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Physical fitness, Databases, Catheterization, Obesity, Editors, CD-ROM catalog, Database, CD-ROM database, Health
Abstract

2019 OCT 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Catheterization. According to news reporting originating from [...]

Published
2019

10. Deparia acrostichoides

Author

Ed Zemelko, G. Yatskievych, Ed Zemelko, Ed Zemelko, G. Yatskievych, and Ed Zemelko

Abstract

By rocks

Published
2009

11. Study Data from M. Kato et al Provide New Insights into Helicobacter pylori (Gastric Hyperplastic Polyps Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in a Case without a History of Helicobacter pylori Infection)

Subjects
Physical fitness -- Health aspects, Infection -- Research -- Health aspects, Omeprazole -- Research -- Health aspects, Gastroesophageal reflux -- Research -- Health aspects, Helicobacter pylori -- Health aspects, Helicobacter infections -- Research -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

2017 AUG 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- New research on Gram-Negative Bacteria - Helicobacter pylori is the subject of [...]

Published
2017

12. KRAS MOSAIC MUTATION AND ITS TISSUE SPECIFICITY IN JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Author

N. Takasugi, A. Sato, K. Koh, A. Nakazawa, and M. Kato

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction: Somatic or germline mutations in genes regulating Ras-MAPK pathway have been identified in majority of Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) cases. Mosaicism of KRAS and NRAS mutations in JMML were reported, with variation in the proportion of cells carrying these mutations across different organs. However, how this proportion is distributed across different organs had not been clarified whereas prevalence of somatic oncogenic KRAS mutations are known. Methods: Our study focused on one JMML patient with mosaic KRAS G12D mutation and uniparental disomy at the 12p locus, who developed aggressive transformation, invasion into multiple organs and subsequently died. DNA from FFPE biopsy samples of eighteen organs were analyzed using mutation-specific digital PCR (dPCR). The variant allele frequency (VAF) of KRAS G12D and hetero SNP at the 12p locus were analyzed in each samples to remove the impact of mutation by infiltrating tumor cells and to estimate the percentage of KRAS mutant cells. Results: KRAS G12D mutations were identified in samples from sixteen of eighteen analyzed tissues. The frequency of KRAS G12D mutated alleles varied among different tissue type and the median VAF was 5.9% (2.0% -29.3%). The VAF were relatively high in gastrointestinal tract (stomach, colon, ileum), liver and spleen, whereas the VAF were low or undetected in testis, heart and spinal cord. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that KRAS mosaic mutations can exhibit tissue specificity like somatic oncogenic mutations. These tissue distribution might be associated with pathogenesis of JMML and other types of cancer with mosaicism.

Published
2024
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13. Deparia acrostichoides

Author

R. K. Scott; (Rich Scott), R. K. Scott; (Rich Scott), R. K. Scott; (Rich Scott), and R. K. Scott; (Rich Scott)

Abstract

Floodplain

Published
2004

17. Deparia parvisora M. Kato

Author

Rakotondrainibe, France and Jouy, Alain

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Athyriaceae, Deparia, Polypodiales, Biodiversity, Polypodiopsida, Plantae, Deparia parvisora, Taxonomy
Abstract

Deparia parvisora (C. Chr.) M. Kato in J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot. 13: 389. 1984 (Fig. 5). �� Dryopteris parvisora C. Chr. in Ark. Bot. 13(19): 5. 1916. �� Cornopteris parvisora (C. Chr.) Tardieu in M��m. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, S��r. B, Biol. V��g 7: 30. 1956. Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: ��� Moramanga, in silvis primaevis, 1.X.1912 ���, Afzelius & Palm 371 (holo-: BM [BM001048466] image vue; iso-: S [S09-42935] image vue!; S [S09-42936] image vue; S [S-P-8429] image vue). = Dryopteris forsythii-majoris C. Chr. in Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 63. 1932. �� Cornopteris forsythii-majoris (C. Chr.) Tardieu in Amer. Fern J. 48: 32.1958. �� Deparia forsythii-majoris (C. Chr.) M. Kato in J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 389. 1984. Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. de Fianarantsoa: for��t d���Ambohimitombo, 22.XII.1894, Forsyth Major 169 (holo-: K [K000351049] image vue), syn. nov. Rhizome dress�� pouvant former un petit tronc de 0,7- 1,5 cm de diam��tre et 3-5(-12) cm de longueur, couvert d�����cailles brun rouille �� brun p��le, concolores, lanc��ol��es, de 8-11 �� 0,5-1,2 mm, �� marge enti��re et apex longuement acumin��. Frondes en touffe, longues de 52-100(-130) cm, la st��rile et la fertile isomorphes. P��tiole brun p��le, canalicul��, long de 24-50 cm, portant des ��cailles semblables �� celles du rhizome, nombreuses �� la base, ��parses et caduques sur toute la longueur. Limbe membraneux, vert p��le sur les deux faces �� l�����tat frai, glabre, lanc��ol��, 24-60(-80) �� 15-40(-44) cm, 1���penn��-pinnatis��qu�� avec des costae ail��es sur toute leur longueur, apex pinnatifide; 10-16 paires de pennes, oppos��es dans la moiti�� proximale du limbe, alternes dans la moiti�� distale, sessiles, lanc��ol��es �� ��troitement triangulaires, �� apex pinnatifide, acumin��; une paire de pennes proximales l��g��rement r��duites; pennes moyennes de 9-23 �� 4-7 cm, avec 10-14 paires de pinnules oppos��es �� suboppos��es, sessiles, formant un angle droit avec la costa, �� marge cr��n��e et apex obtus, aigu ou courtement acumin��. Rachis et costae canalicul��s; nervures libres. Poils sept��s, longs de 0,3-0,7 mm, ��pais, bruns ou noirs, ��pars sur les deux faces des axes du limbe, souvent plus nombreux �� la jonction rachis/costa; ��cailles absentes ou rares sur ces m��mes axes. Sores ronds; indusies claires, membraneuses, petites, fugaces, �� marge subenti��re. Distribution et ��cologie. ��� Esp��ce end��mique de Madagascar, pr��sente dans le nord et le centre de l���Ile, dans le domaine phytog��ographique du Centre, entre 800 et 2300 m d���altitude. Terrestre dans les sous-bois, assez fr��quente, elle se rencontre dans les facies plut��t secondaris��s de la for��t sempervirente et dans les trou��es de la v��g��tation ��rico��de des sommets; elle affectionne les stations humides et semi-ensoleill��es. Notes. ��� Deparia parvisora et D. forsythii-majoris poss��dent un limbe 1���penn��-pinnatis��qu�� avec des costae ail��s sur toute leur longueur avec une aile large de 0,6-1,0 mm; les deux faces des costae et costulae portent de nombreux poils sept��s, longs de 0,3-0,7 mm et plus rarement quelques petites ��cailles ��troites. Christensen (1932: 64) s��pare les deux esp��ces sur le crit��re des dimensions du limbe et de la pr��sence ou l���absence de petites ��cailles sur la face abaxiale des axes: �� [D. parvisora] much larger than the former species [D. forsythii-majoris] and practically without scales ��. L���observation d���un nombre plus cons��quent de sp��cimens montre que les ��cailles sont peu fr��quentes et peuvent ��tre pr��sentes sur des sp��cimens de 50 cm comme sur ceux plus grands, de 80-100 cm. Dimension du limbe et pr��sence ou absence d�����cailles sur les axes du limbe ne constituent pas des crit��res discriminants et il n���y a pas lieu de s��parer les deux taxons. Leur synonymie est donc ��tablie ici. Dryopteris parvisora C. Chr. (publi�� en 1916) a priorit�� sur D. forsythii-majoris C. Chr. publi�� en 1932. Sp��cimens observ��s. ��� MADAGASCAR. Prov.d���Antananarivo: for��t de Mahatsinjo, �� 10 km au sud-est de Tsinjoarivo, 1550 m, 8.I.1999, Rakotondrainibe 4583 (P); Antananarivo, Ankazobe, Manankazo, for��t d���Ambohitantely, partie nord, 17.XII.1984, Rakotondrainibe 520 (P). Prov. d���Antsiranana: montagnes au N de Mangindrano, haute Bemafo, affluent de l���Androranga et piste vers le sommet d���Ambohimirahavavy, 1800-2200 m, I-II.1951, Humbert et al. 25046 (P); ibid. loc., Humbert et al. 25150 (P); ibid. loc., Humbert et al. 25301 (P); Andapa, for��t de Betaolana, �� 8,5 km au NW du village d���Ambodiangezoka, 800- 820 m, 10.X.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4892 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 4894 p.p. (P [P00179487, P00179488]); Andapa, for��t d���Analabe, massif d���Anjanaharibe-Sud, versant W, �� 13,5 km au SW de Befingotra, 1100 m, 1.XI.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5105 (P); Andapa, Doany, r��serve de Marojejy, partie occidentale, 800-820 m, 14-17.X.2001, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6217 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6274 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6274 bis (P); Andapa, r��serve d���Anjanaharibe-Sud, entre Andranotsarabe et le camp Takhtajania, 1125 m, 31.X.2011, Rouhan et al. 1289 (P). Prov. de Fianarantsoa: au sud-est d���Ambositra, for��t d���Ambohimitombo, 23.XII.1894 -1895, Forsyth Major 169 (K); env. d���Ambatofitorahana, 1550-1600 m, 22.I.1955, Humbert et al. 28405 (P); Ranomafana-Ifanadiana, 1980, Proisy et al. 144 (P); r��serve de Ranomafana- Ifanadiana, for��t de Vatoharanana, �� 4 km au SW du village de Ranomafana, 980 m, 4.X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5873 (P). Prov. de Toamasina: Moramanga, 01.X.1912, Afzelius & Palm 371 (S-P-8429); Ambatondrazaka, r��serve de Zahamena, vall��e de Bemoara, 1050 m, 1.X.2015, Bauret et al. 135 (P); Ambatondrazaka, Antanandava, r��serve de Zahamena, 900-1330 m, 28.I.2001, Rasolohery 281 (P); ibid.loc., 900-1100 m, 1.II.2002, Rasolohery 600 (P)., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France & Jouy, Alain, 2016, R��vision du genre Deparia Hook. & Grev. (Pteridophyta, Athyriaceae) �� Madagascar: trois esp��ces nouvelles, une synonymie nouvelle et des hybrides pr��sum��s, pp. 357-371 in Candollea 71 (2) on pages 366-368, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v712a18, http://zenodo.org/record/5721853, {"references":["Christensen, C. (1932). Pteridophyta of Madagascar. Dansk Bot. Ark. 7."]}

Published
2016
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18. Deparia boryana M. Kato

Author

Rakotondrainibe, France and Jouy, Alain

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Athyriaceae, Deparia, Polypodiales, Biodiversity, Polypodiopsida, Plantae, Deparia boryana, Taxonomy
Abstract

Deparia boryana (Willd.) M. Kato in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 36. 1977 (Fig. 1). �� Aspidium boryanum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 285. 1810. �� Dryopteris boryana (Willd.) C. Chr., Ind. Filic.: 255. 1905. �� Dryoathyrium boryanum (Willd.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 11: 81. 1941. �� Cornopteris boryana (Willd.) Tardieu in Amer. Fern J. 48: 32. 1958. Typus: R��UNION: le long des ravines humides et ombrag��es de l�����le Mascareigne, s.d., Bory de St-Vincent s.n. (holo-: B [B-W 19831 penne moyenne] image vue; iso-: P [P00483051 apex d���une fronde]!). Rhizome dress�� formant un petit tronc couvert d�����cailles brunes, concolores, de 8-11 �� 0,5-0,8 mm, ov��es-lanc��ol��es, longuement acumin��es, marge enti��re. Frondes peu nombreuses, en touffe, longues de 160-180 cm, la st��rile et la fertile isomorphes. P��tiole brun p��le, terne, canalicul��, long de 30-70 cm, plus court que le limbe, portant �� sa base quelques ��cailles ��parses, caduques, semblables �� celles du rhizome et plus haut des ��cailles filiformes, ��parses. Limbe membraneux, glabre, ov��-lanc��ol��, de 100-130 �� 50-70 cm, 2���penn��-pinnatis��qu�� avec des costae non ail��es et des costulae ��troitement ail��es donnant l���apparence d���un limbe 3���penn��, apex pinnatifide; 10-12 paires de pennes alternes, p��tiolul��es �� subsessiles, lanc��ol��es ou elliptiques, apex pinnatifide, acumin��; pennes moyennes de 26-35 �� 10-16 cm, avec 13-20 paires de pinnules alternes, sessiles, libres �� courtement adn��es, sym��triques (moiti�� acroscopique et basiscopique �� peu pr��s de m��me largeur), �� apex acumin��; une paire de pennes proximales �� r��duites; segments ultimes des pennes moyennes oppos��es �� suboppos��es, adn��es sur toute leur largeur, pinnatifides, �� apex obtus �� arrondi, s��par��s par des sinus en forme de ���U���, �� fond plat ou incurv��. Rachis et costae canalicul��s; nervures libres. Poils sept��s de deux types: certains vermiculaires, longs de 0,1-0,5 mm, nombreux sur tous les axes du limbe, surtout sur la face adaxiale; d���autres plus longs (0,7- 1,8 mm), aplatis, apprim��s, avec des cellules courtes donnant au poil un aspect annel��, ��pars sur la face adaxiale des costulae et des nervures. Ecailles filiformes pr��sentes ou absentes sur la face adaxiale du rachis et des costae. Sores ronds; indusies membraneuses, r��niformes, petites, fugaces, �� marge subenti��re. Distribution g��ographique et ��cologie. ��� Cette esp��ce pr��sente �� Madagascar une distribution bipolaire; �� ce jour, elle n���a ��t�� r��colt��e qu���au Nord, dans la province d���Antsiranana et au Centre-Sud, dans la province de Fianarantsoa. Elle est peu fr��quente, toujours terrestre, dans le sous-bois de la for��t sempervirente, le plus souvent sur les berges des ruisseaux et des torrents. Son aire de distribution s�����tend en Afrique tropicale et australe, aux Comores (Anjouan, Grande Comore), �� La R��union, en Inde, au Sri Lanka, en Asie du Sud-Est, aux Philippines, �� Sumatra et jusqu����� Fiji. Sp��cimens observ��s. ��� MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Montagne d���Ambre, 700-900 m, 3-11. V.1993, Andriantoanina et al. 124 (P); ibid. loc., pr��s du sommet d���Ambre, 1400-1475 m, 9-13.IV.1993, Malcomber et al. 2382 (P). ibid. loc., pr��s du lac Maudit, 1.IV.1992, Rakotondrainibe 1580 (P). Prov. Fianarantsoa: �� 38-40 km au S d���Ambalavao, Ambatomboay, r��serve d���Andringitra, versant E, 1290-1650 m, 26-30. V.1995, Rakotondrainibe 2712 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe 2740 (P); r��serve du pic d���Ivohibe, 1100- 1250 m, 15.X.1997, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4148 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 4161 (P); corridor forestier entre les r��serves du pic d���Ivohibe et d���Andringitra, 1150-1300 m et 880-950 m, 9-12.XI.1997, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4381 (P); r��serve de Ranomafana-Ifanadiana, for��t de Vatoharanana, 1000 m, 4.X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5875 (P); ibid.loc., Rakotondrainibe et al.5881 (P)., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France & Jouy, Alain, 2016, R��vision du genre Deparia Hook. & Grev. (Pteridophyta, Athyriaceae) �� Madagascar: trois esp��ces nouvelles, une synonymie nouvelle et des hybrides pr��sum��s, pp. 357-371 in Candollea 71 (2) on pages 359-361, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v712a18, http://zenodo.org/record/5721853

Published
2016
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19. Deparia marojejyensis M. Kato

Author

Rakotondrainibe, France and Jouy, Alain

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Athyriaceae, Deparia, Polypodiales, Deparia marojejyensis, Biodiversity, Polypodiopsida, Plantae, Taxonomy
Abstract

Deparia marojejyensis (Tardieu) M. Kato in J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 389. 1984 (Fig. 4). �� Cornopteris marojejyensis Tardieu in M��m. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, S��r. B, Biol. V��g. 6: 240. 1955. �� Parathyrium marojejyensis (Tardieu) Tardieu in Adansonia 5: 500. 1965. Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. d���Antsiranana: contreforts occidentaux du Massif de Marojejy (NE), pr��s du col de Doanyanala, 600-700 m, I-II.1949, Humbert 23010 (holo-: P [P00483030]!; iso-: P [P00483031]!). Rhizome pouvant former un petit tronc dress�� ou d��combant de 1,0- 1,5 cm de diam��tre et 3-16 cm de longueur, couvert d�����cailles brun p��le, concolores, ov��eslanc��ol��es, de 10-15 �� 2-4 mm, marge enti��re, apex acumin��caud��. Frondes en touffe, isomorphes �� subdimorphes, longues de 80-170 cm. P��tiole brun p��le, terne, base brun fonc��, canalicul��, long de 30-70 cm, portant quelques ��cailles ��parses caduques semblables �� celles du rhizome. Limbe membraneux, glabre, largement elliptique, de 50-120 �� 30-70 cm, 2���penn��-pinnatifide, �� apex pinnatifide; 10-18 paires de pennes g��n��ralement alternes, p��tiolul��es, elliptiques �� ov��es-lanc��ol��es, �� apex pinnatifide, acumin��; pennes moyennes de 18-35 �� 7-14 cm; une paire de pennes proximales r��duites; 10-15 paires de pinnules par penne, alternes ou oppos��es, de 3-7 �� 1-2 cm, �� apex aigu, acumin�� ou caud��, base d��currente sur la costa ��troitement ail��e; aile large de 0,1-0,3 mm, le plus souvent discontinue, parfois absente sur les pennes proximales. Rachis et costae canalicul��s; nervures libres. Poils sept��s vermiculaires, longs de 0,1-0,5 mm, nombreux sur les axes du limbe surtout sur la face adaxiale; absence d��� ��cailles sur les axes du limbe. Sores ronds; indusies membraneuses, petites, fugaces, �� marge subenti��re. Distribution et ��cologie ��� Deparia marojejyensis est end��mique de Madagascar; elle est pr��sente du nord au sud de l�����le, dans le domaine phytog��ographique du Centre, entre 800 et 2000 m d���altitude. Toujours terrestre, elle est fr��quente dans les stations ombrag��es et semi-ombrag��es de la for��t sempervirente, sur des sols souvent mal drain��s, dans les ravins, les berges de ruisseaux et torrents et sur les plateaux mar��cageux. Note. ��� Dans le protologue de D. marojejyensis d��crit dans Cornopteris, Tardieu-Blot (1955: 260) ne cite que le sp��cimen type et la description et l���illustration originale ne sont pas toujours en concordance. Les contradictions concernent la pr��sence ou l���absence d���aile le long des costae et la forme de l���apex des pinnules. D��s l���origine, il y a eu confusion entre les esp��ces Deparia marojejyensis et D. parvisora (syn. D. forsythii-majoris). En se basant sur les caract��res discriminants mentionn��s dans la cl�� d���identification des esp��ces de Deparia, nous avons replac�� sous D. marojejyensis les r��coltes Humbert 18291, Humbert et al. 17851, 25053, 25054 p.p et Perrier de la B��thie 7632, cit��es dans Tardieu-Blot (1958) sous D. parvisora ou D. forsythii-majoris. Sp��cimens observ��s. ��� MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: for��t d���Andranomay, 13 km au SE d���Anjozorobe, 1300-1450 m, 17.XII.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3771 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe 3786 (P); for��t de Mahatsinjo, �� 10 km au sud-est de Tsinjoarivo, 1550 m, 08.I.1999, Rakotondrainibe 4584 (P). Prov. Antsiranana: massif du Tsaratanana, gorges de l���Andavaka, vers 1600 m, XI-XII.1937, Humbert 18291 (P); contreforts occidentaux du massif de Marojejy, pr��s du col de Donyanala, 600-800 m, I-II.1949, Humbert 23010 (P), 23046 (P); montagnes au N de Mangindrano, haute Bemafo, affluent de l���Androranga, 1800-2000 m, I-II.1951, Humbert et al. 25053 (P); ibid. loc., Humbert et al. 25054 p.p. (K [K000351050], P [P01515381, P01662588]); partie occidentale du massif de Marojejy, de la vall��e de l���Ambatoharanana au bassin sup��rieur de l���Antsahaberoka, 1300-1400 m, XI-XII.1959, Humbert et al. 31593 (P); ibid. loc., Humbert et al. 31676 (P); ibid. loc., Humbert et al. 31695 (P); ibid. loc., Humbert et al. 31758 (P); massif de Manongarivo, vers 1000 m, IV.1909, Perrier de la B��thie 7632 (P); r��serve de Marojejy, sur les berges de la rivi��re Manantenina, 490- 810 m, 9-22.X.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3346 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe 3448 (P); ibid. loc., 1260 m, 26.X.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3561 (P); Andapa, for��t de Betaolana, �� 8,5 km au NW du village d���Ambodiangezoka, 800-900 m, 8-10.X.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4830 (P); Andapa, versant ouest du massif d���Anjanaharibe-Sud, for��t d���Analabe, 1120 m, 26.X.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5011 (P); Andapa, Doany, partie occidentale du massif de Marojejy, 800-820 et 1050 m, 14-25.X.2001, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6218 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6282 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6390 (P); Voh��mar, Daraina, for��t de Binara, 900 m, 9.XI.2001, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6558 (P); massif de Tsaratanana, Matsabory maika, 1600-2063 m, 27.IV.2001, Rasolohery 445 (P). Prov. Toamasina: Moramanga, 1.X.1912, Afzelius et al. 371 (S); Ambatondrazaka, r��serve de Zahamena, massif de l���Andrangovalo, au sud-est du lac Alaotra, vers 1200 m, X.1937, Humbert et al. 17851 (P); Moramanga, Andasibe, for��t de Mantadia, 1000-1200 m, 9.XI.1994, van der Werff et al. 13763 (P). Prov. Fianarantsoa: Ranomafana-Ifanadiana, ann. 1980, Proisy et al. 265 (P); Ambatomboay, r��serve d���Andringitra, �� 43 km au S d���Ambalavao, versant E, 790 m, 20.V.1995, Rakotondrainibe 2660 (P); Ambalavao, r��serve du pic d���Ivohibe, 1500-1650 m, 28.X.1997, Rakotondrainibe 4261 (P); Ranomafana-Ifanadiana, �� 4 km au SW de Ranomafana, for��t de Vatoharanana, 980 m, 3.X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5826 (P); for��t de Vinanitelo, au pied de la montagne d���Ambodivohitra, �� 15 km au SE du village de Vohitrafeno, 1000 et 1100 m, 23-30.X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6078 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6078 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6078 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6131 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe et al. 6185 (P). Prov. de Toliara: Eminiminy, r��serve d���Andohahela, parcelle I, 800- 840 m, 30.X-02.XI.1995, Rakotondrainibe 2998 (P); ibid. loc., Rakotondrainibe 3023 (P); ibid. loc., 1050 m, 12.XI.1995, Rakotondrainibe 3082 (P)., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France & Jouy, Alain, 2016, R��vision du genre Deparia Hook. & Grev. (Pteridophyta, Athyriaceae) �� Madagascar: trois esp��ces nouvelles, une synonymie nouvelle et des hybrides pr��sum��s, pp. 357-371 in Candollea 71 (2) on pages 363-366, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v712a18, http://zenodo.org/record/5721853, {"references":["Tardieu-Blot, M. - L. (1958). Athyriacees. In: Humbert, H. (ed.), Fl. Madagascar Comores 5: 248 - 269."]}

Published
2016
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20. Reply to the Commentary 'To Gorelenkova Miller and Mieyal (2015): Sulfhydryl-mediated redox signaling in inflammation: role in neurodegenerative diseases' by M. Kato

Author

Olga Gorelenkova Miller and John J. Mieyal

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, Inflammation, Reactive oxygen species, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pharmacology toxicology, Neurodegenerative Diseases, General Medicine, Pharmacology, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2016

21. Generation of hypoimmunogenic induced pluripotent stem cells by CRISPR-Cas9 system and detailed evaluation for clinical application

Author

Yuko Kitano, Sayaka Nishimura, Tomoaki M. Kato, Anna Ueda, Kaho Takigawa, Masafumi Umekage, Masaki Nomura, Ayane Kawakami, Haruna Ogawa, Huaigeng Xu, Akitsu Hotta, Naoko Takasu, and Masayoshi Tsukahara

Subjects
CRISPR-Cas9, human iPSCs, HLA-A, HLA-B, CIITA, GMP, Genetics, QH426-470, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

In order to expand the promise of regenerative medicine using allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), precise and efficient genome editing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes would be advantageous to minimize the immune rejection caused by mismatches of HLA type. However, clinical-grade genome editing of multiple HLA genes in human iPSC lines remains unexplored. Here, we optimized the protocol for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to deplete the three gene locus (HLA-A, HLA-B, and CIITA genes) simultaneously in HLA homozygous iPSCs. The use of HLA homozygous iPSCs has one main advantage over heterozygous iPSCs for inducing biallelic knockout by a single gRNA. RNA-seq and flow cytometry analyses confirmed the successful depletion of HLAs, and lineage-specific differentiation into cardiomyocytes was verified. We also confirmed that the pluripotency of genome-edited iPSCs was successfully maintained by the three germ layers of differentiation. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing, karyotyping, and optical genome mapping analyses revealed no evident genomic abnormalities detected in some clones, whereas unexpected copy number losses, chromosomal translocations, and complex genomic rearrangements were observed in other clones. Our results indicate the importance of multidimensional analyses to ensure the safety and quality of the genome-edited cells. The manufacturing and assessment pipelines presented here will be the basis for clinical-grade genome editing of iPSCs.

Published
2022
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22. DETECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH THREATS GLOBALLY: A 20-YEAR ANALYSIS

Author

N. Saad, B. Greene-Cramer, A. Awofisayo-Okuyelu, D. Selenic Minet, M. Almiron, M. Kato, T. Matsui, A. Corpuz, J. Pukkila, M. Stephen, A. Mahamud, O. Morgan, I. Soce Fall, and E. Hamblion

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Intro: Detecting and responding to acute public health threats is one of the World Health Organization's (WHO) most important activities. Therefore, WHO established a unique approach for the global detection and verification of events of potential international public health concern and adopted an all-hazards approach as part of the International Health Regulations (2005), moving beyond a focus on infectious diseases only. Here, we analysed 20-year trends of acute public health events globally. Methods: We extracted data on acute public health events reported between 2002 and 2021 from the Event Management System (EMS). EMS is an internal WHO web-based platform used for tracking health threats globally. We examined the designation, source and hazard of events by WHO Region and over time by calculating descriptive statistics and trends using R. Findings: Between 2002 and 2021, 7572 events were recorded globally in EMS, ranging from 231 to 576 per year. Of these, 5466 (76%) were designated as substantiated, deemed true acute public health events, and only a small proportion (379, 5%) were unverifiable or had no designation. During the 20-year period, substantiated events were greatest in the WHO African Region (1684 events, 31%) and the WHO Region of the Americas (1312 events, 24%) and, similarly, by year, the burden was highest in those WHO regions. Globally, over time, two-thirds (3536, 65%) of substantiated events were initially reported by WHO and infectious diseases (4298, 79%) were the predominant cause of public health events. However, other causes, including animal origin or zoonoses were also important and disaster related events were on the rise in recent years, particularly in some WHO Regions. Conclusion: WHO has a robust system for global disease detection but health threats are continuously evolving. The impact of climate change and zoonoses is becoming more pronounced, emphasizing the importance of a One Health approach for disease detection.

Published
2023
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23. Lead-acid batteries (LABs) and the thermogravimetric analysis of Pb metal reduction from PbO2 via microwave heating at 2.45 GHz

Author

M. Kato, B. Sabatini, S. Kashiwakura, S. Kosai, and E. Yamasue

Subjects
Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental engineering, TA170-171
Abstract

The lead (Pb) in lead-acid batteries (LABs) accounts for up to 60% of their total weight and 80% of the metallic Pb produced worldwide. As a toxic substance but sought-after resource, developing a method to reclaim Pb from spent batteries, both safely and efficiently, is highly desirable. To this end, this paper explores the application of microwave heating to reduce Pb from PbO2, a component of LAB pastes, using a carbon (C) reductant. Various experiments were conducted between 200 and 1000 W to determine mass loss kinetics using a homemade thermogravimetric apparatus. The mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions, and their resultant phases, are discussed in comparison to differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) of the same samples. Microwave heating was found to be highly effective, resulting in up to a 97% recovery of Pb metal at < 300 °C; however, complete reduction was unrealized due to crucible interference, microwave penetration depth, and the reflection of microwaves as Pb metal formed. The reduction and decomposition reactions were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Published
2023
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29. A comment on 'Experimental determination of carbon isotope fractionation between iron carbide melt and carbon: 12C-enriched carbon in the Earth's core?' by M. Satish-Kumar, H. So, T. Yoshino, M. Kato, Y. Hiroi [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 310 (2011) 340–348]

Author

V.N. Reutsky and Yu. M. Borzdov

Subjects
Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Carbide, Geophysics, Isotope fractionation, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Isotopes of carbon, Phase (matter), Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Graphite, Carbon, Geology, Earth (classical element), Eutectic system
Abstract

Accounting for the behavior of metastable and stable phases in the Fe–C system at HPHT allows a reconsideration of the results of Satish-Kumar et al. (2011) . The occurrence of a metastable Fe–Gr eutectic explains the “lowering of the phase boundaries” as well as the presence of melt in experiments below the Fe–Fe 3 C eutectic temperature. Overall, the data reported evidence for graphite interaction with carbon dissolved in the iron melt which does not represent an “iron carbide melt”. The results are in good agreement with previously published data on carbon isotope effect between crystalline carbon and carbon solution in metal melt.

Published
2013
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30. Chemical Stabilization behind Cardamom Pickering Emulsion Using Nanocellulose

Author

Alana Gabrieli Souza, Rafaela Reis Ferreira, Eder Ramin de Oliveira, Maurício M. Kato, Sushanta K. Mitra, and Derval dos Santos Rosa

Subjects
cardamom essential oil, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, oil-in-water emulsion, stability, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Cardamom essential oil (EO) is a rare oil of high scientific and economic interest due to its biofunctionality. This work aims to stabilize the EO by Pickering emulsions with nanocellulose, in the form of nanocrystals (CNC) or nanofibers (CNF), and to investigate the stability and chemical and physical interactions involved in the process. The emulsions were characterized by droplet size, morphology, stability, surface charges, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. Stable emulsions were prepared with cellulose morphologies and CNCs resulted in a 34% creaming index, while CNFs do not show instability. Emulsions indicate a possible interaction between nanocellulose, α-terpinyl acetate, and 1,8-cineole active essential oil compounds, where α-terpinyl acetate would be inside the drop and 1,8-cineole is more available to interact with cellulose. The interaction intensity depended on the morphology, which might be due to the nanocellulose’s self-assembly around oil droplets and influence on oil availability and future application. This work provides a systematic picture of cardamomum derived essential oil Pickering emulsion containing nanocellulose stabilizers’ formation and stability, which can further be extended to other value-added oils and can be an alternative for the delivery of cardamom essential oil for biomedical, food, cosmetics, and other industries.

Published
2022
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31. Research on cholesterol published by M. Kato et al

Subjects
Cholesterol -- Reports, Coronary heart disease -- Reports, Medical research -- Reports, Medicine, Experimental -- Reports, Trans fatty acids -- Reports, Cardiac patients -- Reports, Low density lipoproteins -- Reports, Atherosclerosis -- Reports, Health
Abstract

Data detailed in 'Clinical impact of dyslipidemia for coronary plaque vulnerability in acute coronary syndrome without metabolic syndrome' have been presented. 'Although the metabolic syndrome is associated with incident cardiovascular [...]

Published
2010

32. New data from M. Kato et al illuminate research in heart disease

Subjects
Coronary heart disease, Health, Health
Abstract

Research findings, 'Clinical predictors of culprit plaque rupture assessed on intravascular ultrasound in acute coronary syndrome,' are discussed in a new report. 'Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) commonly results from vulnerable [...]

Published
2010

36. New Clinical Trials and Studies Data Have Been Reported by M. Kato and Co-Authors (Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Intake on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Pilot Study)

Subjects
Clinical trials -- Reports, Evidence-based medicine -- Reports, Elderly -- Reports, Medical research -- Reports, Health
Abstract

2018 APR 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Research findings on Clinical Research - Clinical Trials and Studies are discussed in [...]

Published
2018

37. Grafting of iPS cell-derived tenocytes promotes motor function recovery after Achilles tendon rupture

Author

Taiki Nakajima, Akihiro Nakahata, Naoki Yamada, Keiko Yoshizawa, Tomoaki M. Kato, Mio Iwasaki, Chengzhu Zhao, Hiroshi Kuroki, and Makoto Ikeya

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Tendon self-renewal occurs rarely and reconstructive surgery comes with significant limitations. Here the authors present an induced pluripotent stem cell-based method to generate tenocytes, analyze their developmental trajectory using scRNA-seq, and demonstrate their contribution to motor function recovery after Achilles tendon injury via engraftment and paracrine effects.

Published
2021
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44. Vasoconstriction Response to Mental Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: The Role of the Cardiac and Vascular Baroreflexes

Author

Wanwara Thuptimdang, Payal Shah, Maha Khaleel, John Sunwoo, Saranya Veluswamy, Roberta M. Kato, Thomas D. Coates, and Michael C. K. Khoo

Subjects
sickle cell anemia, mental stress, vasoconstriction, baroreflex, autonomic nervous system, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Recent studies have shown that individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) exhibit greater vasoconstriction responses to physical autonomic stressors, such as heat pain and cold pain than normal individuals, but this is not the case for mental stress (MTS). We sought to determine whether this anomalous finding for MTS is related to inter-group differences in baseline cardiac and vascular autonomic function. Fifteen subjects with SCD and 15 healthy volunteers participated in three MTS tasks: N-back, Stroop, and pain anticipation (PA). R–R interval (RRI), arterial blood pressure and finger photoplethysmogram (PPG) were continuously monitored before and during these MTS tasks. The magnitude of vasoconstriction was quantified using change in PPG amplitude (PPGa) from the baseline period. To represent basal autonomic function, we assessed both cardiac and vascular arms of the baroreflex during the baseline period. Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRSc) was estimated by applying both the “sequence” and “spectral” techniques to beat-to-beat measurements of systolic blood pressure and RRIs. The vascular baroreflex sensitivity (BRSv) was quantified using the same approaches, modified for application to beat-to-beat diastolic blood pressure and PPGa measurements. Baseline BRSc was not different between SCD and non-SCD subjects, was not correlated with BRSv, and was not associated with the vasoconstriction responses to MTS tasks. BRSv in both groups was correlated with mean PPGa, and since both baseline PPGa and BRSv were lower in SCD, these results suggested that the SCD subjects were in a basal state of higher sympathetically mediated vascular tone. In both groups, baseline BRSv was positively correlated with the vasoconstriction responses to N-back, Stroop, and PA. After adjusting for differences in BRSv within and between groups, we found no difference in the vasoconstriction responses to all three mental tasks between SCD and non-SCD subjects. The implications of these findings are significant in subjects with SCD since vasoconstriction reduces microvascular flow and prolongs capillary transit time, increasing the likelihood for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) to be triggered by exposure to stressful events.

Published
2021
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46. Research Conducted by M. Kato and Co-Researchers Has Updated Our Knowledge about Neurodegenerative Diseases [Commentary to Gorelenkova Miller and Mieyal (2015): sulfhydryl-mediated redox signaling in inflammation: role in neurodegenerative ...]

Subjects
Cystine -- Reports, Cysteine -- Reports, Medical research -- Reports, Neurodegenerative diseases -- Reports, Cellular signal transduction -- Reports, Health
Abstract

2016 APR 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Fresh data on Nervous System Diseases and Conditions are presented in a new [...]

Published
2016

47. Association study between the TNXB locus and schizophrenia in a Japanese populationPlease cite this article as follows: Tochigi M, Zhang X, Ohashi J, Hibino H, Otowa T, Rogers M, Kato T, Okazaki Y, Kato N, Tokunaga K, Sasaki T. 2007. Association Study Between the TNXB Locus and Schizophrenia in a Japanese Population. Am J Med Genet Part B 144B:305–309.

Author

Tochigi, Mamoru, Zhang, Xuan, Ohashi, Jun, Hibino, Hiroyuki, Otowa, Takeshi, Rogers, Mark, Kato, Tadafumi, Okazaki, Yuji, Kato, Nobumasa, Tokunaga, Katsushi, and Sasaki, Tsukasa

Abstract

The chromosome 6p21–24 region, which contains the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, has been suggested as an important locus for a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Recently, a significant association between schizophrenia and the TNXB locus, located immediately telomeric of the NOTCH4 locus in the HLA region, was observed. Few studies have further investigated the region in schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated the region in a Japanese population. Subjects included 241 patients with schizophrenia and 290 controls. Twenty‐six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the corresponding haplotypes were analyzed. As a result, exactly the same SNPs in the TNXB locus (rs1009382 and rs204887) as in the previous study were associated with schizophrenia (P = 0.034 and 0.034, respectively, uncorrected). A SNP (rs2071287) in the NOTCH4 locus and haplotype around it were also suggested to associate with the disease, consistent with another previous study (P = 0.041 and permutation P = 0.024, respectively, uncorrected). Although these associations became insignificant after Bonferroni correction, the findings might provide support for the association of the TNXB locus or its adjacent region of the NOTCH4 locus with schizophrenia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2007
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48. Seasonal pelage color change of two sympatric arboreal squirrel species in the subarctic region

Author

W. Mitsuzuka, M. Kato, and T. Oshida

Subjects
countershading, hokkaido, sciurus vulgaris orientis, pteromys volans orii, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Some mammal species exhibit pelage color change with seasonal molt. Seasonal molt and pelage color change are beneficial to thermoregulation and concealment, associated with seasonal environmental change. The Eurasian red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 and the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans (Linnaeus, 1758) are arboreal and sympatrically distributed in the subarctic northern Eurasian Continent and Sakhalin and Hokkaido islands. We expect that diurnal S. vulgaris may demonstrate more conspicuous difference between summer and winter pelages than nocturnal P. volans, because of its protective coloration in each season. To test this conjecture, we investigated their seasonal pelage color change. To diminish the effect of geographic variation in pelage color, we chose S. vulgaris orientis Thomas, 1906 and P. volans orii (Kuroda, 1921), which are endemic subspecies of Hokkaido Island, Japan. We used skin and stuffed specimens and frozen materials and categorized them into two pelage groups (summer and winter pelages) based on collection date. Pelage color characteristics were measured with a spectrophotometer for lightness, redness and yellowness. Countershading was examined by comparing dorsal and ventral lightness. Both subspecies showed lighter winter pelage than summer pelage, suggesting their greyish-white winter pelage was beneficial to concealment from predators during winter. As we expected, seasonal changes of redness and yellowness were more clearly recognized in S. vulgaris than in P. volans. As S. vulgaris is diurnal and vulnerable to attack by diurnal avian predators, reddish and yellowish pelage patterns may be important for concealment. Because it is nocturnal, P. volans may not need this reddish and yellowish pelage. Sciurus vulgaris also had a remarkably counter-shaded body, indicating that its body may reduce predation risk from daytime visual predators. Differences in seasonal pelage color change of these two arboreal squirrels may be caused by their different circadian rhythms.

Published
2019
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