Search

In order to investigate the effects of different doses of 60Co-γ-ray irradiation on rice, this experiment employed a texture analyzer, a rapid viscosity analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter, a rheometer, an X-ray diffractometer, and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to characterize the eating quality of rice and the physicochemical properties and structure of rice starch. The results indicated that as irradiation dose increased, the water absorption and volumetric expansion of rice during cooking, and the pH, dissolved solid content and iodine blue value of rice broth fell significantly (P < 0.05). High doses of irradiation resulted in a noticeable increase in the total color difference (ΔE) of rice compared with that before irradiation, and a ΔE of 12.53 was obtained at 10 kGy, indicating a significant color change. Also, the irradiation notably affected the hardness of cooked rice. The peak viscosity, setback value, and gelatinization enthalpy of rice starch decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increase in irradiation dose; the irradiation also reduced the rigidity, elasticity, relative crystallinity and orderliness of rice starch, with the crystallinity being decreased from 23.68% to 15.69%. The measurement results of cooking indicators, rice soup properties, ΔE, and texture characteristics indicate that higher irradiation doses reduced the edible quality of rice. Moreover, the contents of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch in irradiated rice starch increased, with the latter being increased to 20.22% after irradiation treatment at 4 kGy. Compared with the unirradiated control, the irradiation reduced the hydrolysis rate of starch. Overall, γ-ray irradiation altered the crystalline structure of starch, thereby enhancing its pasting and rheological properties and inhibiting its digestibility, but rice is not suitable for high doses of irradiation treatment. This study provides theoretical guidance for the production of irradiated rice and its products, as well as for the modification of starch.

BackgroundTo date， pharmacologic therapy is considered the standard first-line treatment for insomnia disorder， but there are still some concerns over the adverse reactions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia （CBT-I） as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy have the advantages of fewer side effects and better patient tolerance in the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder.ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of rTMS and CBT-I on chronic insomnia disorder， so as to provide a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder.MethodsA total of 50 patients with chronic insomnia disorder attending the outpatient clinic of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center or community hospital from September 21， 2020 to December 16， 2021 and fulfilling the International Classification of Sleep Disorders， third edition （ICSD-3） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Additionally， 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls recruited from the community were set as control group. Patients were randomly divided into rTMS group and CBT-I group， 25 cases in each group， and received rTMS or CBT-I intervention for 6 weeks respectively. At enrollment and completion of intervention， patients were subjected to Polysomnography （PSG）， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Insomnia Severity Index （ISI） and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS）. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI） scans， and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （ALFF） was calculated. The brain regions with statistically different ALFF values between patient group and control group were chosen as regions of interest （ROIs）， and whole-brain seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted.ResultsAfter a 6-week intervention in the two groups， the main effect of time was significant for PSQI （F=41.160， P

To investigate the effects of ordinary PE packaging (CK) and physically active packaging (PA) on post-harvest storage quality, respiratory metabolism, and energy metabolism of Lentinula edodes, L. edodes '808' was used as experimental material, and stored at (4±1) ° and 90%±5% relative humidity for 12 d. The sensory evaluation, weight loss, hardness, total soluble solids, soluble protein, respiration rate, key enzyme activities in respiration and energy metabolism, energy substance, and energy charge of L. edodes were measured every 3 d. The results showed that PA treatment delayed the deterioration of the sensory quality of L. edodes, inhibited the increase of the weight loss rate, retarded the decline of the hardness, total soluble solids, and soluble proteins, reduced the respiratory intensity, and postponed the emergence of L. edodes respiratory peaks. Further research indicated that L. edodes under PA treatment were able to maintain higher levels of cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme activities while inhibiting the rapid increase in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme activities. Meanwhile, PA treatment also suppressed the degradation of ATP and ADP in L. edodes, and maintained a high level of energy charge. The correlation analysis revealed that the sensory quality of L. edodes was a highly significantly positive correlation with hardness, total soluble solids, MDH, ATP, and energy charge (P<0.01), significantly positive correlation with soluble proteins and ADP (P<0.05), and highly significantly negative correlation with weight loss, and AMP (P<0.01), indicating that storage quality of L. edodes during storage in PA group was strongly correlated with energy levels. Therefore, physical active packaging can effectively inhibit the post-harvest respiration and energy metabolism of L. edodes, maintain storage quality, and reduce economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]