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Various substances that possess liquid states include drinking water, various types of fuel, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals, which are indispensable in our daily lives. There are numerous real-world applications for liquid content detection in transparent containers, for example, service robots, pouring robots, security checks, industrial observation systems, etc. However, the majority of the existing methods either concentrate on transparent container detection or liquid height estimation; the former provides very limited information for more advanced computer vision tasks, whereas the latter is too demanding to generalize to open-world applications. In this paper, we propose a dataset for detecting liquid content in transparent containers (LCDTC), which presents an innovative task involving transparent container detection and liquid content estimation. The primary objective of this task is to obtain more information beyond the location of the container by additionally providing certain liquid content information which is easy to achieve with computer vision methods in various open-world applications. This task has potential applications in service robots, waste classification, security checks, and so on. The presented LCDTC dataset comprises 5916 images that have been extensively annotated through axis-aligned bounding boxes. We develop two baseline detectors, termed LCD-YOLOF and LCD-YOLOX, for the proposed dataset, based on two identity-preserved human posture detectors, i.e., IPH-YOLOF and IPH-YOLOX. By releasing LCDTC, we intend to stimulate more future works into the detection of liquid content in transparent containers and bring more focus to this challenging task.

In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films were prepared by fused deposition modeling, and the effects of ionic liquid (IL) content on the printability, crystallization behavior, and electrical properties of melted PVDF were systematically investigated. The results show that the addition of IL increased the temperature sensitivity of melted PVDF and decreased its viscosity, while IL acted as a plasticizer to lower the melting point of PVDF and improve its FDM printability. The imidazole cations in IL had electrostatic interactions with the -CF 2 - groups in PVDF, which promoted the transformation of the nonpolar phase to the polar phase in PVDF; thus, the addition of IL was beneficial to the increase in the polar β phase. The PVDF with 20 wt.% IL contained the highest proportion of β phase content (32.59%). Moreover, the increase in polar β-phase content also increased the polarization strength of PVDF and improved its ferroelectric properties. PVDF with 10 wt.% IL had the highest residual polarization strength (16.87 μC/m 2 ).

When industrial sterilizing is being done on a large scale, retort pouches are typically loaded with solid components first, followed by liquid ones. The error of filling steps occurs before the sterilization procedure is feasible. The curry with chicken and turkey berries was chosen as the food protocol to be studied. The food’s solid/liquid ratio was tested, from 0.93 to 4.49. The process time was influenced by the heat capacity ratio of the solid and liquid, but it was not considerably affected by the solid/liquid ratio. As a result, the process time had an impact on the texture and color of the meat but had no effect on the texture of the vegetables for process periods between 5 and 12 min (F0 = 4). The process time was earlier researched; however, the results of this study were used to roughly estimate the process time in the instance of the F0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of well‐conductive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based ionogel has changed the stereotype of PDMS of being an insulator, owing to continuous ionic liquid (IL) phase with superior ionic conductivity. However, the sacrifice on the transparency of ionogel often occurs if increasing IL content, and to overcome the immiscibility between nonpolar PDMS and polar IL is still regarded as a considerable challenge today. Herein a new strategy to prepare a transparent, highly conductive PDMS‐based ionogel with high IL content is proposed, using a "composite" surfactant of KF‐6017 and LiTFSI. Benefited from unique microphase separation during gel formation, the optimal ionogel of IG70%–1%–1% can possess excellent transparency (>95%, ~200 μm) with IL content of 70%, while owning ionic conductivity of 3.28 mS/cm and tensile property of 100 kPa. A new mechanism on the conductivity of ionogel is proposed by the molecular simulation. The ionogel can be suitable for applying as electrolyte (B) and a polymer binder for active carbon powders (as electrode A). As a result, the assembled electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (A/B/A) can be flexible accompanied with excellent electrochemical performance, which exhibits a promising future for flexible electronics and wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]