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Introduction: Increasing the volume of penis by injecting various substances (paraffin, silicone, mineral oils) remains a highly controversial procedure. This procedure is usually performed by patients themselves or by persons without a licensed medical education. Injecting these substances causes a local inflammatory reaction with redness, pain, swelling, thickening of penile skin, with the subsequent formation of sclerosing lipogranuloma, In more serious cases ulceration, necrosis, embolism and even death may occur. Impotence, painful erections and dysuria are the most common symptoms. The treatment is excision with subsequent reconstruction, while the conservative approach using antibiotics has a limited effect. Case report: A 45-year-old patient presents to Emergency Department due to lesions on penis. Inspection showedscarring with ulcers and signs of inflammation on ventral side of penis, and patient was referred to urologist. Part of the scar tissue with inflammation was excised, biopsy was taken, and reconstruction was made. Pathohistological analysis revealed fragments of skin and subcutaneous connective tissue. Ulcerations with inflammatory infiltrate, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis were present on parts of epidermis. Inflammatory infiltrate rich in epithelioid histiocytes with lipid vacuoles was present in subcutaneous connective tissue, and smaller foci of necrosis and cystic changes in the form of "Swiss cheese" were observed. Based on pathohistological findings and clinical data, he was diagnosed with sclerosing lipogranuloma. Conclusion: Increasing the volume of penis by injecting substances is very dangerous. In extreme cases this procedure can even result in death, and will never provide the expected , satisfying results to the patients.

Sclerosing lipogranuloma is a chronic granulomatous reaction in response to the injection of non-medical substances such as paraffin, silicone, or mineral oil into the skin. This report describes one case of a large defect on the penis following sclerosing lipogranuloma excision surgery that was successfully closed by a double reverse V- Y-plasty reconstruction. The surgery aimed to remove all affected tissue as soon as possible, preventing the persistent granulomatous process that leads to necrosis and severe penile deformity. The double reverse V- Y-plasty is a simple, single-stage procedure useful to reconstruct of a large defect on the penis.

Sclerosing oleogranuloma of the penis is a rare benign condition characterized by the formation of rough and dense infiltrates in the male genital area following injection of foreign materials under the skin for the purpose of augmentation. It predominantly affects males of reproductive age. Diagnosis is based on patients history, examination and histological findings. Treatment involves excision of the granuloma and affected tissues with surgical margins followed by reconstruction of the penis and scrotum. A clinical case of the treatment of giant oleogranuloma of the penis and scrotum in a 21-year-old man clinically manifested by painful multiple lesions under the skin with ulceration along the coronal sulcus, pain, deterioration of the quality of life and cosmetic issues is presented in the article. For surgical treatment, the one-stage Sapozhkov-Reich procedure was performed for the first time at the urology department of the Republican Hospital named after V.A. Baranov, Petrozavodsk. Keywords: sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis, sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scrotum, penis augmentation, injections into the penis, vaselinome, one-stage Sapozhkov-Reich procedure Author contributions. Simanov R.N. - idea, concept and design of writing the article, literature review, collection and processing of information and materials, description of a clinical case, analysis of patient carts, surgical treatment, writing text and preparing illustrative materials for publication; 60% of the work. Malyshev E.V. - surgical treatment, collection and processing of information, description of a clinical case; 20% of the work. Smirnova D.V. - collection and processing of clinical data, assistance in writing an article, preparation of a description of histological examination and micropreparations, creation of microphotographs, preparation of illustrative materials for publication; 20% of the work.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A hímtag körméretének növelése érdekében, az annak bőre alá bejuttatott zsírnemű anyag szklerotizáló lipogranulomát okoz. Hazánkban a szklerotizáló lipogranuloma okozta hímvessző-deformitások kezelésének legelterjedtebb módszere a két ülésben végzett bőrpótlás. Ennek ellenére a magyar nyelvű szakirodalomban kevés adat áll rendelkezésre a kétüléses műtét eredményességéről és várható szövődményeiről. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunkban a szklerotizáló lipogranuloma okozta deformitások miatti - két ülésben végzett - hímvesszőbőr-helyreállítással szerzett tapasztalatainkról, a műtét után kialakuló szövődményekről számolunk be retrospektív adatgyűjtés alapján. Módszer: 2008. március 1. és 2020. március 1. között a Debreceni Egyetem Urológiai Klinikáján 17 betegen végeztünk kétüléses hímvesszőbőr-helyreállító műtétet. A szklerotizáló lipogranuloma által érintett bőrt teljes mértékben eltávolítottuk, majd a lecsupaszított hímtagot a herezacskó elülső felszínén kialakított subcutan csatornába helyeztük. A második ülés során a herezacskó bőre alá ültetett hímvesszőt felszabadítottuk. Eredmények: A Clavien-Dindo-beosztás szerint az első ülés után három, a második ülés után egy I. gradusú szövődmény alakult ki; II-V. gradusú szövődményt nem figyeltünk meg. Azon 9 beteg közül, akik mindkét ülésen átestek, 7 beteg elégedett volt a beavatkozás eredményével, 2 beteg korrekciós műtéten esett át fél és 9 évvel a második ülés után. A 8 beteg közül, akik csak ez első ülést vállalták, egy korrekciós műtét történt 4 hónappal a műtét után. Következtetés: A hímvessző szklerotizáló lipogranulomája esetén az érintett bőrterület kimetszése után hímvesszőbőr-helyreállítás szükséges. A herezacskó-bőrlebeny alkalmazásának előnye, hogy a herezacskó színe és elaszticitása a hímvesszőbőréhez hasonló, a tapintás- és erogén érzet megmarad. A kétüléses hímvesszőbőr-helyreállítás kevés szövődménnyel, plasztikai sebészeti jártasság nélkül elvégezhető. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(35): 1413-1417., Introduction: Subcutaneous injection of liquid fatty materials to enhance penile girth induce sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis. In spite of its well known severe consequences there has been a persistent use of this practice in non-medical circumstances., Objective: The aim of this paper is to present our observations with staged penile skin reconstruction for sclerosing lipogranuloma and to evaluate postoperative complications in a retrospective manner., Method: Between 2008 and 2020, 17 patients underwent surgery to treat sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis by staged penile skin reconstruction at our department. Complete exscision of the involved tissue was performed, then the denuded penile shaft was inserted into a subcutaneous channel on the anterior side of the scrotum during the first stage. The second stage of reconstruction consisted of releasing the penile shaft from the scrotum. The second stage was performed merely on 9 in 17 patients., Results: According to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, 3 grade I and 1 grade I complications occurred in the postoperative period after the first and second stage, respectively. Grade II-V complications were not observed. 7 of 9 patients who underwent both stages were satisfied with the final result, 2 patients had minor correction surgery 6 months and 9 years following the second stage. 1 of 8 patients who underwent only the first stage had minor correction surgery 4 months following the operation., Conclusion: In case of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis, excision of the affected tissue and reconstruction of the penile skin are indicated. Advantages of using scrotal skin flaps are that colour and elasticity of the scrotal skin are similar to penile skin, erogenous sensation of the scrotal flap remains intact. Applying staged penile skin reconstruction with scrotal skin flap has the advantage of few postoperative complications and it is easy to perform. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(35): 1413-1417.

We report the ultrasonographic and MRI findings of an infected sclerosing lipogranuloma after scrotal hernioplasty. Sclerosing lipogranuloma is a rare foreign-body reaction of fat tissue, with most cases being associated with the genital and urinary tracts. To the best of our knowledge, MRI findings in sclerosing lipogranuloma in the scrotal sac have not yet been published and this is possibly the first study to report the case of an infected sclerosing lipogranuloma in the English literature.

Introduction and Importance: Penile sclerosis lipogranuloma, a disease that occurs as a result of the body's reaction to lipid-based foreign substances, is a rare case with manifestations that can occur years after injection. Reactions that emerge can be disturbing to the point of causing functional impairment, so proper therapy needs to be done to restore and maintain penis function and prevent complications. Here, we present a case of penile sclerosis lipogranuloma that was treated surgically with a scrotal flap and VY plasty, including circumcision., Case Presentation: We report here the case of a 19-year-old Asian male who came in with multiple, irregular, nodular masses in his penis after a candlenut oil injection that had been performed a year before presentation. An extensive excision and extraction of the penile lipogranuloma, including all areas invaded by oil injection, were performed. Then a scrotal flap and VY plasty were used to reconstruct the exposed penile shaft. The operative procedure was successful, and the patient experienced positive functional and aesthetic outcomes., Clinical Discussion: Determining therapy for penile sclerosis granuloma becomes important to improve or restore normal penile function and for performance function. Therapy includes the complete removal of the substance and the affected part. The recommended reconstruction for the penile shaft is a scrotal flap with penile scrotal invagination and VY plasty., Conclusion: Proper treatment of the penis and its surroundings in cases of penile lipogranuloma is important to prevent further complications and maintain penile function., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors state that they are aware of no personal or financial conflicts that might have appeared to have an effect on the case reported., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: The use of vitamin E for Facial rejuvenation is a dangerous practice and is associated with potential local, and sometimes systemic and life-threatening complications. Clinicians should be aware of complications induced by the injection of illegal products for tissue augmentation. Also, regulatory organizations should monitor illegal beauty centers and enact restrictive laws., Case Presentation: Herein, we report a case of liquid vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation and development of facial persistent erythema and induration, treated with oral prednisolone, azathioprine, and minocycline. Also, we review the reported cases of vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation., Conclusion: Lipogranuloma is one of those complications of vitamin E injection for cosmetic rejuvenation. It mostly represents inflammation, edema, erythema, and tenderness. Since there was no standard treatment for this complication, the management of these patients is challenging. Patients who have undergone cosmetic interventions in illegal institutions are more likely to develop such complications including medical and psychological problems. Clinicians should be aware of these complications for the best diagnosis and treatment., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

A 75-year-old man presented with subcutaneous indurations in his left upper arm and scrotum after receiving injections of leuprorelin acetate (LA) for prostate cancer. The indurations were diagnosed as sclerosing lipogranuloma in the scrotum and foreign body granuloma in the left upper arm. The patient's condition improved with treatment, and further studies are needed to understand the phenomenon of granuloma formation at LA injection sites. The article highlights the importance of patient consent and declares no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

Lipogranuloma is a rare inflammatory reactive process often reported to occur in the dermis and subcutis in the cosmetic surgery field.1 It very rarely occurs in the retroperitoneum. We present a case of retroperitoneal lipogranuloma mimicking metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. A 63-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy for RCC one year earlier had developed a left retroperitoneal tumor during postoperative surveillance. The tumor looked identical to an implant or recurrence of RCC on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. We resected the tumor, and pathology showed a lipogranuloma. Keywords: Lipogranuloma, Mimicking recurrence, Renal cell carcinoma

Sclerosing lipogranuloma (SLG) of the male external genitalia is a rare benign condition presenting as subcutaneous masses. The underlying pathological process is a granulomatous reaction of fatty tissue in this area. The cause of this is unclear but hypothesis stems around the pathogenesis of exogenous lipid degeneration from injection of foreign bodies such as paraffin for penile augmentation. However, endogenous lipid degeneration from other various causes such as infection, trauma, and allergic mechanisms has also been reported. We present the case of a 40-year-old man with primary SLG of the external genitalia. Literature review on the treatment strategies are addressed and discussed.