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Abstract Background In case of locally advanced and/or non-metastatic unresectable esophageal cancer, definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) delivering 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions in combination with platinum-based regimen remains the standard of care resulting in a 2-year disease-free survival of 25% which deserves to be associated with new systemic strategies. In recent years, several immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1/anti-PD-L1, anti-Program-Death 1/anti-Program-Death ligand 1) have been approved for the treatment of various solid malignancies including metastatic esophageal cancer. As such, we hypothesized that the addition of an anti-PD-L1 to CRT would provide clinical benefit for patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer. To assess the efficacy of the anti-PD-L1 durvalumab in combination with CRT and then as maintenance therapy we designed the randomized phase II ARION (Association of Radiochemotherapy with Immunotherapy in unresectable Oesophageal carciNoma- UCGI 33/PRODIGE 67). Methods ARION is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, comparative phase II trial. Patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio in each arm with a stratification according to tumor stage, histology and centre. Experimental arm relies on CRT with 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions in combination with FOLFOX regimen administrated during and after radiotherapy every two weeks for a total of 6 cycles and durvalumab starting with CRT for a total of 12 infusions. Standard arm is CRT alone. Use of Intensity Modulated radiotherapy is mandatory. The primary endpoint is to increase progression-free survival at 12 months from 50 to 68% (HR = 0.55) (power 90%; one-sided alpha-risk, 10%). Progression will be defined with central external review of imaging. Ancillary studies are planned PD-L1 Combined Positivity Score on carcinoma cells and stromal immune cells of diagnostic biopsy specimen will be correlated to disease free survival. The study of gut microbiota will aim to determine if baseline intestinal bacteria correlates with tumor response. Proteomic analysis on blood samples will compare long-term responder after CRT with durvalumab to non-responder to identify biomarkers. Conclusion Results of the present study will be of great importance to evaluate the impact of immunotherapy in combination with CRT and decipher immune response in this unmet need clinical situation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT: 03777813.Trial registration date: 5th December 2018.

Abstract Background To evaluate long-term IPSS score and urinary quality of life after radiotherapy for prostate cancer, in patients with prior history of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of patients treated in our department, between 2007 and 2013 with surgery for BPH followed by radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Patients were contacted to fill in IPSS questionnaire and they were also asked for urinary quality of life. Predictive factors known to be associated with bad urinary function were also analysed. Results Fifty-nine patients were included in our study. Median age was 70 years. Median follow-up was 4.6 years. Median radiotherapy dose was 78 Gy (5 × 2 Gy/week). Thirty patients (48.5%) received hormone therapy in combination with RT. Main surgery indications were urinary symptoms (65%) and urinary retention (20%). Five-year biochemical-disease free survival was 75% and 5-year clinical relapse free survival was 84%. At the time of the study, the IPSS after radiotherapy was as follows: 0–7: 77.6%; 8–19:20.7%; 20–35: 1.7%. Urinary quality of life was satisfactory for 74.2% of patients. After multivariate analysis, a high dose of RT and a medical history of hypertension were associated with a poorer quality of urinary life (p = 0.04). Conclusion External radiotherapy remains an appropriate treatment option without a major risk for deterioration in urinary function in patient with antecedent surgery for BPH. High dose of RT and a medical history of hypertension were associated with a poorer quality of urinary life.

Purpose: Extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is very rare in western countries and few data are available regarding the prognosis and the outcome of patients treated for this disease. We aimed to evaluate the prognosis, the pattern and risk factors of disease failure after combined therapy and also performed a review of the literature. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with (ENKTL) who underwent L‑Asparaginase based chemotherapy followed by (chemo-) radiotherapy between 2010 and 2020 in our center. Data on clinical characteristics and irradiation were collected. Failure patterns were recorded as local (tumor site), regional (regional lymph nodes) or distant failure (metastasis and/or nonregional lymph nodes). Results: During a median follow-up period of 46 months, disease failure was observed in 8 patients (40%). The 3‑year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 62.5 and 83.0%, respectively. The failure patterns were local (n = 6, 30%), regional (n = 3, 15%) and distant (n = 4, 20%). Among patients with local failure, all failures occurred within the radiation fields (100%). Univariate analysis showed that bilateral regional lymph node involvement (p = 0.0002), initial circulating EBV viral load ≥ 3.5 log (p = 0.03) and no negativation of EBV PCR after induction CT (p = 0.0497) were independent predictors of PFS. Conclusion: Patients with bilateral lymph node involvement and/or high EBV viral load have a significant recurrence rate despite multimodal therapy. These results need to be confirmed by larger studies. Given the high rate of local recurrence within radiotherapy fields, the value of dose escalation should be considered. Patients at risk of relapse should be included in dedicated trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of trimodal therapy (TMT) using a bifractionated split‐course hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) for non‐metastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in elderly patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of patients aged >75 years with non‐metastatic MIBC suitable or not for radical cystectomy (RC) and treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour followed by concomitant radio‐chemotherapy (platinum salt and 5‐fluorouracil) at two institutions (Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France and European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France) between 1990 and 2021. RT consisted of an adapted bifractionated split‐course hypofractionated RT. Acute toxicities were reported according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 and late toxicities were reported according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer late radiation morbidity scoring schema. The primary end‐point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end‐points included other survivals outcomes and safety. Results: A total of 122 patients were identified, with a median (range) follow‐up of 51.1 (0.5–210.8) months. In all, 83.5% of patients completed radio‐chemotherapy. The OS rate was 61.7% at 3 years and 51.2% at 5 years. In multivariate analysis, the completion of RT and concomitant chemotherapy were significantly associated with better OS and cancer‐specific survival. For patients fit for RC, a complete histological response was achieved for 77 patients (91.7%) with radio‐chemotherapy and the bladder conservation rate was 90.5%. Acute and late Grade ≥3 toxicities were <5%. Conclusion: Bifractionated split‐course hypofractionated RT with concomitant chemotherapy regimen appears to be well‐tolerated and effective. Trimodal treatment seems to be a curative option for elderly patients unfit for radical surgery compared with palliative care and may contribute to improved survival in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Radiation therapy is highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of localized Kaposi's sarcoma. In this work, we reviewed the literature to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of radiotherapy in Kaposi's sarcoma before and after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy and described the indications and modalities of radiotherapy treatment. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a radiosensitive cancer regardless of its form (classical, endemic, AIDS-related, and immunosuppressant therapy-related). Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral part of the therapeutic management of KS. RT may be used as the main treatment, in the case of solitary lesions, or as palliative therapy in the disseminated forms. The dose of RT to be delivered is 20–30 Gy by low-energy photons or by electrons. The complete response rate after RT is high, around 80–90%. This treatment is well tolerated. However, patients should be informed of the possible risk of the development of late skin sequelae and the possibility of recurrence. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the indications for RT treatment in HIV-positive patients have decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Histoire, Economie et Société is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is too easy to say of Mai ’68 that the police are incurious while protesters are curious, that administrators are incurious and students are curious. A more honest assessment of these moments, striated as they are with social tensions, would identify at least two modes of enquiry and two sets of questions vying for dominance: the one located on the side of the status quo, the other on the side of change. In what follows, I provide historico-theoretical resources to justify that assessment. I first review Michel Foucault and Jacques Rancière’s theories of the police, identifying the incipient role of curiosity in their accounts both of resistance and of power and the police. I then turn to the Prisons Information Group (GIP), where I trace the clear clash between state curiosity as implemented by police and resistant curiosity as practised by GIP activists. Finally, in light of this clash, I explore implications for interpreting Mai ‘68 and Black Lives Matter as instances of curiosities at war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I offer a brief for 'abolitionist genealogy' as a method and philosophical practice. By locating instances of this method within the work of prison abolitionists who are incarcerated or formerly incarcerated (specifically organizers of the 2016 National Prison Strike, CeCe McDonald, and the abolitionist organizations generationFIVE and Black and Pink), I argue that such a method is already available to theorists and critical historians of the present if we are willing to attend to the absences and presences that constitute our academic communities. I ground my brief for abolitionist genealogy by centering the experiences of queer, trans, gender-nonconforming, and intersex incarcerated people as exemplary (rather than exceptional) of how prisons and jails are fundamentally violent places which cannot, as McDonald puts it, be made safe. Lastly, I link these concerns to the broader question of queer and TGNCI visibility politics in carceral institutions such as the jail/prison and the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article documents how Michel Foucault used his status as a prestigiously chaired French intellectual to relay the speech of prisoners as part of the Groupe d'information sur les prisons (GIP) at the turn of the seventies. While discussions of the GIP's oppositional work have helped to explain some of the strategic resistances that the group mounted to combat the carceral system in France, one cannot overemphasize the ways in which relays and networks informed and animated the work of the GIP. This article develops the concept of “relay,” and demonstrates how relay networks were mobilized in GIP activism. Foucault and the GIP's prison activism is contrasted with Jean-Paul Sartre's status as a committed, universal intellectual, and particular attention is given to the transnational and group dynamic of the GIP's activist work. Of particular significance is the GIP's inclusion of the assassination of George Jackson and the Attica prison uprisings in its work on the French prison system. The purpose of this inclusion, this article argues, was to relay revolt. Considered in the context of the prison liberation struggle, Foucault's corpus – a compound of concepts like power, knowledge, discourse, subject, truth, and the universal and specific intellectual – is given to immediate and urgent application in an informational project whose operation provides pertinent lessons about the utility of Foucault's thinking on the role of the intellectual and the production of discourse. Central to the political practice of the GIP was its functioning as a group: it was not the work of a morally inspired, engaged intellectual, it was a product – and process – of its associations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper considers the practical and theoretical invisibility of prisons and punishment in contemporary democratic states and modern democratic political theory. I argue that the prison's invisibility is a symptom of our democracy's "virtuality," its tendency to operate without the full participation of its citizens and to project responsibility for risks onto politicians and experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The best way to assess the response to chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced oesophageal carcinomas is not known. We used F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT to evaluate the metabolic response during chemoradiotherapy and tried to correlate this response to survival. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven oesophageal carcinoma underwent FDG PET/CT with evaluation of the standardized uptake value (SUV) before any treatment (SUV1) and during chemoradiotherapy after two cycles of 5-fluorouracil (FU)/cisplatin and 20 Gy (SUV2). Metabolic response was defined as 1−(SUV2/SUV1). Surgery was discussed after 40 Gy and three cycles of chemotherapy. Results of interim PET were not considered for the therapeutic decision. Results: Among 72 patients who underwent a first FDG PET/CT before any treatment, 59 (82 %) could receive the second FDG PET/CT examination. Median survival was 22.2 months with 1-year and 2-year survivals of 70 and 46 %, respectively. Nineteen patients (32 %) underwent surgery. Mean SUV1 and SUV2 were 12.3 ± 6.2 and 6 ± 4.1, respectively ( p < 0.001). Using a cut-off for metabolic response of 50 %, sensitivity and specificity for survival were 0.7 and 0.58. The 2-year overall survival of good responders was 62 % as compared to 27 % for poor metabolic responders. A multivariate analysis was performed, including T and N stages, surgery, histology and metabolic response: only metabolic response was significantly ( p = 0.009) associated with 2-year survival. Conclusion: Early evaluation of metabolic response had a great prognostic value and could help identify good responders to chemoradiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shocked by harsh prison conditions in France, Michel Foucault in February 1971 co-founded the Information Group on Prisons (GIP), a group dedicated to heightening public intolerance towards the prison system by facilitating the voices of prisoners themselves. Foucault immersed himself in the activities of the GIP for the better part of two years. This article explores the intricacies of Foucault's involvement in the group in order to elucidate his approach to theory and practice. The article submits that a kind of dialectic between Foucault's theory and practice emerged throughout the early 1970s, with his theories both arising from his participation in collective struggles against the prison and serving to inform such practices after his withdrawal from the prisoner support movement. Examining this dialectic helps us appreciate the extent to which resistance truly pervaded Foucault's seminal account of disciplinary power and the prison in his Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There is a long and substantial history of prisoners’ rights movements in the US, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, which was spearheaded by Black prisoners, notably figures such as George Jackson, subsequently murdered by prison guards. They were forging a new politics and understanding of the role of incarceration in a capitalist state, a politics echoed in prisons around the world. On the fortieth anniversary of the Attica uprising, in which prisoners seized control of the prison and issued a series of political demands, and which was subsequently crushed with overwhelming force, leaving thirty-nine dead, this article reflects on that history. The lineage of radical Black politics, forged in the increasingly harsh and increasingly generalised conditions of the prison industrial complex, continues not only through the writings of prisoners like Mumia Abu Jamal, but also through the work and teaching of formerly incarcerated Black activists like Stephen Jones, whose insights, analysis and history are presented through his interview here. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Simple Summary: Neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine (5FU or capecitabine)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been considered the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Our Meta-analysis showed that the combining oxaliplatin with capecitabine or 5FU in preoperative chemoradiotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy seems beneficial significantly and improved DFS. It remains necessary to identify which patients benefit most from the addition of oxaliplatin. Background: Neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine (5FU or capecitabine)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been considered the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Whether addition of oxaliplatin (OXP) will further improve clinical outcomes is still unclear. Methods: To identify clinical trials combining oxaliplatin in preoperative CRT or perioperative chemotherapy for LARC published until March 2021, we searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library. We also searched for relevant ASCO conference abstracts. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Data were extracted from every study to perform a meta-analysis using Review Manager (version 5.3). Results: A total of seven randomized clinical trials (ACCORD-12, CARO-AIO-04, FOWARC, JIAO, NSABP, PETACC-6, and STAR-01) with 5782 stage II or III rectal cancer patients were analyzed, including 2727 patients with OXP + 5FU regimen and 3055 patients with 5FU alone. Compared with the 5FU alone group, the OXP + 5FU regimen improved DFS (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99, p = 0.03) and pathologic complete response (pCR) (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.37, p = 0.002). Patients treated with the OXP + 5FU regimen had significantly less metastatic progression (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.94; p = 0.007). Considering adverse events (AEs), there was more grade 3–4 diarrhea with OXP + 5FU (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.74–3.32, p < 0.00001). However, there were no significant differences grade 3–4 hematologic AEs (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.87–1.57, p = 0.31). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis with long-term results from the randomized studies showed a benefit of the addition of OXP + 5FU regiment in terms of DFS, metastatic progression, and pCR rate that did not translate to improved OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social justice movements are propelled by curiosity. Rejecting injustices of the status quo, these movements unite people in a collective reimagination of political futures. This work of political reimagination, moreover, involves persuading the public to question social institutions that have gone unquestioned, to acknowledge, for example, gender, race, education, or prisons as a conundrum, an unsolved and yet urgent problem. It is on this grand scale that such movements engage curiosity. But social justice movements also engage curiosity in a seemingly more banal way. Recognizing that people suffer, that a specific group of people suffers in a specific way, these movements exercise a desire to know and to record the extent of that community's pain and suffering, the effects of hatred and systemic injustice, the devil in the details. In this essay, I focus on that gray, meticulous hunt, drawing out the necessary and sufficient conditions of a political curiosity trained on collective pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate long-term IPSS score and urinary quality of life after radiotherapy for prostate cancer, in patients with prior history of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of patients treated in our department, between 2007 and 2013 with surgery for BPH followed by radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Patients were contacted to fill in IPSS questionnaire and they were also asked for urinary quality of life. Predictive factors known to be associated with bad urinary function were also analysed.Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in our study. Median age was 70 years. Median follow-up was 4.6 years. Median radiotherapy dose was 78 Gy (5 × 2 Gy/week). Thirty patients (48.5%) received hormone therapy in combination with RT. Main surgery indications were urinary symptoms (65%) and urinary retention (20%). Five-year biochemical-disease free survival was 75% and 5-year clinical relapse free survival was 84%. At the time of the study, the IPSS after radiotherapy was as follows: 0-7: 77.6%; 8-19:20.7%; 20-35: 1.7%. Urinary quality of life was satisfactory for 74.2% of patients. After multivariate analysis, a high dose of RT and a medical history of hypertension were associated with a poorer quality of urinary life (p = 0.04).Conclusion: External radiotherapy remains an appropriate treatment option without a major risk for deterioration in urinary function in patient with antecedent surgery for BPH. High dose of RT and a medical history of hypertension were associated with a poorer quality of urinary life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]