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The acquisition of a foreign language opens up a myriad of opportunities and experiences, ranging from enhanced career prospects to deeper cultural understanding. Among the four primary language skills--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--speaking fluently is often considered the most challenging to master. This paper addresses the significance of focusing on fluency in speaking skills within the context of foreign language acquisition. It examines strategies and methodologies that can aid learners in overcoming barriers to fluency, thereby enhancing their overall language learning experience. Ultimately, the journey to fluency is a rewarding experience that opens doors to a world of opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In examining the legal systems of Romania, the United Kingdom, and the United States, one is immediately struck by the divergent paths through which justice is administered and law is interpreted within these jurisdictions. This paper delves into the foundational differences in legal traditions and systems, specifically, the civil law system of Romania contrasted with the common law traditions of the UK and the US, exploring how these differences impact the interpretation of laws, the roles of judges, and the overall legal processes. For legal practitioners, scholars, and students, understanding these comparative dynamics is crucial for navigating the increasingly interconnected global legal landscape, offering insights into how different societies organize their judiciary to uphold the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of language teaching has undergone a significant transformation in recent years with the emergence of e-learning. This modern tool has revolutionized the traditional approach to language teaching by providing new opportunities for learners to access language learning materials from anywhere in the world. E-learning has gained tremendous popularity due to its flexibility, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, elearning also poses several challenges, including the lack of face-to-face interaction, motivation and engagement, and technological barriers. To maximize the benefits of elearning in language teaching, it is essential to address these challenges and ensure that learners have access to the necessary support and resources. This paper aims to explore the role of e-learning in the shifting landscape of language teaching by examining its benefits and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation is one of the most important factors in foreign language teaching and learning. It can be defined as the driving force that stimulates and sustains an individual's behavior toward a particular goal or objective. Motivation is a complex construct that can be influenced by various factors, such as personality, cultural background, social environment, and personal experiences. It is essential for language teachers to recognize the importance of motivation in language learning and incorporate motivational strategies into their teaching practices. This can lead to more effective and efficient language learning and a greater sense of engagement and ownership over the learning process for learners. In this paper, we will explore the importance and intricate facets of motivation in foreign language teaching and learning, including the diverse motivational models, types and orientations, and how they affect language proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion has always been a powerful force in politics, and the use of religious discourse in political speeches has been a common practice throughout history. Religious language can be used to rally support for a political cause, to appeal to shared values and beliefs, and to establish a sense of moral authority. However, the use of religious discourse in political speeches can also be controversial, as it raises questions about the appropriate role of religion in the public sphere, and the potential for religious language to be used to justify discriminatory or exclusionary policies. Religious language can be used to tap into the deep-seated values and beliefs of a particular audience, and to create a sense of unity and shared purpose. In this article, we will examine the use of religious discourse in political speeches, drawing on the perspectives of several scholars and political leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989 marked the beginning of a new era for the countries in the region. Romania, Poland, and Hungary are the three Eastern European countries that have undergone significant transformations since the fall of communism in 1989. The post-communist period in Romania was characterized by political instability, economic hardship, and social tension. The transition from a communist system to a democratic one was a complex and challenging process that required significant political, economic, and social changes. The experiences of these countries highlight the importance of civil society, active opposition, and a commitment to economic reform and privatization in achieving a successful post-communist transformation. While the transition to democracy and a market economy is a complex and challenging process, it is essential to address a plethora of intricate challenges in order to establish a stable democracy and achieve sustained economic growth. This paper compares the post-communist transformation in Romania to that of Poland and Hungary from a political, economic, and social perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass-media and the internet have long surpassed their meagre prerogative as being just a simple purveyor of information, transitioning towards its new objectives of establishing trust, influence and even intimidation or control in its relation with its citizens, with the receivers of what is now strategic and weaponised information. The media is no longer a vector of objectivity, nor does it formulate that assertion any longer. Media conglomerates have become quite outspoken in embracing or rejecting one ideology or the other, one candidate or the other. Therefore, objectivity has been abandoned to the detriment of subjective purpose. Major media players will choose to either carefully construct the positive image of a candidate or a party while at the same time, often viciously and unjustifiably, attacking the opposite candidate or the rival political movement. Simply supporting one candidate is no longer the norm and the socalled dirty adds and biased reporting of our contemporary political era expose an intricate mechanism that, however, has a simple purpose, namely, to lower certain percentages and elevate others in terms of public perception and favourability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

President Barack Obama is considered by many to be the communicational descendent of President John F. Kennedy, and his 2009 inaugural speech stands testimony to this bold, yet justifiable assertion. Just like his predecessor, Barack Obama managed to inspire the masses through the charisma and intelligence of his acts of communication. He was uniquely gifted, not only with an almost uncanny ability to inspire his base voters, but to also reach across the aisle and expound new-fangled hopes for social and national reconciliation. The generation of discourse, through political contextualisation is based on the exploitation of social impact resources in order to achieve the objectives of socio-political power. Political harmonisation cannot take place outside the spheres of social communication based on the politicization and polemics of discursive paradigms. The connection between language structures and vectors of political ideology derives from the perception of language as a platform for communication and achievement of functional campaign objectives. Each political image discourse is generated based on this paradigm of exploiting the linguistic structural functionality by loading it with ideological significance and persuasive force in the psycho-ideological meaning of the term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to perform analyses, interpretations and decoding applied at the most profound levels of political discourse, using standards of methodology working in conjunction with intricate linguistic and semantic paradigms set against the backdrop of both social and individual psychological platforms. The objective of this research is to both understand and deconstruct the patterns of connectivity between President J.F. Kennedy as a discourse generator and the social masses of reception, the actual people for whom the message is intended. John F. Kennedy's inaugural speech in 1961 is the most powerful and well-known speech by a statesman in the entire history of political communications. Its capacity for ideological impact, the almost perfect combination of language techniques with the emotional vein of social and spiritual desideratum has generated an address that is still given today as an example as the standard of persuasion and ideological seduction. The real power of the speech resides not only within its own intrinsic mechanisms, but also within its capacity to achieve chronotopic synchronicity. In other words, it actually stood the test of time and it still is, in many respects, highly relevant until this very day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide focus on the fundamental connection between communication and negotiation. The ability to communicate, to speak and be heard, and ultimately to empathise shall establish a bond of trust between the interlocutors participating in a business negotiation. An honest discussion is the warden of trust and credibility between parties. The generation of a climate of reliability, characterised by mutual cooperation, can significantly aid in the effectiveness of collaborative arguments, as well as the assumption of associative bonds among partners. The purpose of language is to break down barriers, to explore that which we have in common towards the just detriment of the often capricious and artificial factors that seek to separate individuals. Language and honest communication can open the doors of empathy, synergy and symbiosis, making sure all the individuals involved in the process of negotiation prosper, flourish and experience exponential growth through the power of communicational togetherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of communication, analysing binary systems such as both the verbal and the nonverbal, objectivity and subjectivity honesty and manipulation. Social negotiation entails an economic sense of specificity, selling not only a product, but also yourself. Selling means having something in common with your buyer and, if that is not the case, you are forced to forge that bond yourself through communication, empathy, emotional and factual eloquence. The seller's constructed message represents an important cog in the mechanism of efficient communication, yet that is sometimes prone to vulnerability. The articulated message can often be overruled by the partner of discussion who is unable to find himself or herself in what you are selling, in what you are communicating. The interlocutor may reject the necessity of admitting or recognising certain truths or limitations and reject a message based on the simple flaw that it is not subjectively self-evident. No matter how well we might describe the general qualities of the goods and services we are trying to sell, no matter how objectively and explicitly we might expound the situation, any such arguments may fall prey to platforms of disavowing in the absence of a personal functionality of language, a direct human connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching a foreign language has uncovered new challenges with the evolution of society and education as a whole. The entire concept of synchronicity, the ability to connect to a contemporary platform of teaching has fostered significant necessities for adaptation, a prevalence of abandoning old methodologies towards the pursuit of innovation and collective interest. Teaching a foreign language to eclectic clusters of students has become a challenge not only from a didactic standpoint but from a communication point of view as well. Undoubtedly, technique and psychology as well as information content remain relevant, however, as educators and formulators of information, we must strive towards remaining close to that which is contemporary. The information we deliver as teachers of a foreign language cannot and must not be restricted to traditional structures of grammar, vocabulary and so on. We need to stay connected to an entire apparatus of updated cultural and informational references. The aim of this paper is to explore both the mechanisms of didactics and social communication from a contextual, adaptive and correlative standpoint. Our duty as teachers is not only to teach students, but to also explore strategies which help us teach ourselves. A foreign language should be perceived more along the lines of a living organism, constantly expanding, constantly adapting, engulfing new elements and forsaking elements that are now socially and culturally viewed as obsolete, destined to ultimately become forgotten and archaic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional objective of any communicative act must, in fact, be defined by the persuasive capacity of the communicator in conjunction with the method of information dissemination while also encompassing the parameters of comprehension associated with the individual or group identity of the receiver or receivers. Simply put, any manipulation endeavour shall ascertain the need for a powerful communicator, a strong channel of distribution and a platform of reception that will be susceptible to believing the truthfulness of the message that will be confirmed and enforced through repetition, steadfastness and strength. This paper aims at uncovering the fact that political culture is not an innate natural vector of relevance but rather a plethora of factors implemented within a context of communicational authority and assertiveness via a powerful and efficient channel of communication. Individual identity and independent thought are often misrepresentations perpetrated by the mechanisms of personal hubris. In reality, a communicational approach, a sociological analysis shall explore people from the perspective of groups that are inextricably defined by age, gender, race, geographical positioning, religion or social status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present age may perhaps be the era of space, public space, and public communication in general. We are in the age of simultaneous, juxtaposing, of our neighbor and the distance, of the join, of the dispersed. We are at a time when the world perceives itself less, I think, as a great life that would develop over time, as a network linking points and waving its labyrinth. Today's dismay concerns fundamentally the space, communication and relationships that take place between individuals or organizations far more than time; time probably appears only as one of the possible distribution games between elements that are distributed in space. In spite of all the techniques that invade him, despite the whole knowledge network that allows its determination and formalization, contemporary space is perhaps not entirely desacralized - unlike, of course, time that was desacralized in the nineteenth century. There has, of course, been a certain theoretical desacralization of space, but we have not yet come to a practical desacralization of space. And maybe our lives are still listening to a certain number of oppositions we cannot reach, to which the institution and practice did not dare to touch them; some oppositions that we admit as data: those, for example, between the private space and the public space, between the space of the family and the social space, between the cultural space and the useful space, between the space of entertainment and the workplace; all continue to be animated by a deaf sacralization. The space in which we live, in which we are attracted, in which the erosion of our life, time and history is taking place, this space that grinds and creeps us is itself a heterogeneous space. In other words, we do not live in a kind of vacuum, within which individuals and things can be placed. We do not live within a void that would stain with different shadows and lights, we live inside a set of relationships that define irreducible sites that are absolutely unsurpassable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study refers to the first mention of an anthroponym that can be considered Romanian. If until recently it was believed that Romanian anthroponyms with the patronymic suffix -escu appeared in the second half of the fourteenth century in Romanian territories, documents in Capua (Italy) record in 1276 a character named Lucesku, involved in a legal case. The relationship between the Romanian and the Italian space is highlighted once again, especially the South Italian one, which has been constant from the 11th century, since the establishment of Saint Gerard of Cenad in western Transylvania. What is pleasantly surprising in mentioning the first Romanian name from the Middle Ages is that there are - in the name's extensive composition - both names from the eastern and western onomastic stock, the western one being practically Gerard. Based on chronology and genealogy it can be estimated that the first Romanian name appears around 1220, when the stabilization of the Teutonic Knights in southern Transylvania occurs and there is a stable route between Rome, southern Italy and Transylvania. Based on this testimony, it is possible to specify the maturation of Romanian anthroponymy and society a century earlier than previously considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]