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Prostatic carcinoma (PC) is the most frequent urologic cancer and one of the most frequent cancers in males; it is a heterogeneous disease, in terms of molecular features, morphology and prognosis. About half of cases depends on TMPRSS2-ETS translocation which leads to a production of ERG transcription factor. ERG+ and ERG– cancers seem to differ in a number of features, which could lead to an altered nuclear structure; the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. The material consisted of total 39 PC cases, representing ERG+ and ERG–, as well as Gleason pattern 3 and 4. Filtering by color deconvolution and automatic segmentation were used, and the properly detected nuclei were manually selected. From each case fifty nuclei were obtained; then geometric features and texture parameters were assessed. The analysis of the collected data showed differences both between ERG+/ERG– and Gleason pattern 3 and 4 cases in most of the features analyzed. Our results suggest that indeed the ERG status, thus likely TMPRSS2-ETS translocation, has an impact on morphology of nuclei in PC, and their differences are evident enough to be detectable by image analysis.

Prostatic carcinoma is the most frequent cancer in males in the Western world. A significant proportion of these cancers have a recurrent translocation involving ETS family genes, which leads to the overexpression of ERG transcription factor. Prostate cancers, which bear this mutation, differ in a number of features, including tumor microenvironment. One of the components of the tumor microenvironment is FOXP3 positive lymphocytes, which may participate in breaking immunosurveillance and promoting tumor growth. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between ERG expression, number of FOXP3 positive cells and other features of the tumor. The study group consisted of 65 cases. Tissue microarrays composed of 2 mm tissue cores were used for immunohistological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry for ERG and FOXP3 was performed according to the routinely applied protocol. The FOXP3 positive cells were counted and the results were expressed as the number of cells per mm2. The average number of FOXP3 positive cells was 33.30/mm2 for all cases, 21.43/mm2 for the ERG negative and 42.28/mm2 for the ERG positive group (p < 0.02). There were no significant relationships between FOXP3 positive cell count and any other parameters studied. Our results suggest that the immune response may differ between ERG negative and ERG positive prostatic carcinomas.

This article discusses the use of peripheral biomarkers to predict sputum eosinophilia in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). The study examines whether blood eosinophil count and urinary leukotriene E4 excretions (uLTE4) can serve as reliable surrogate markers of sputum eosinophilia in N-ERD. The results show that blood eosinophil count is not an accurate surrogate marker of sputum eosinophilia in N-ERD, suggesting that N-ERD is a heterogeneous condition with different inflammatory phenotypes. The authors suggest that an algorithm based on blood versus sputum eosinophil count may be necessary to guide anti-inflammatory therapies in patients with N-ERD. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Induced sputum (IS) allows to measure mediators of asthmatic inflammation in bronchial secretions. NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is recognized as a distinct asthma phenotype, usually with a severe course, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and increased production of pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids. A more insightful analysis of NERD patients has shown this phenotype to be nonhomogeneous. Objective: We aimed to identify possible subphenotypes in a cohort of NERD patients with the means of latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: A total of 95 asthma patients with aspirin hypersensitivity underwent sputum induction. High‐performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to profile eicosanoids in induced sputum supernatant (ISS). Sixteen variables covering clinical characteristics, IS inflammatory cells, and eicosanoids were considered in the LCA. Results: Three classes (subphenotypes) were distinguished within the NERD cohort. Class 1 subjects had mild‐to‐moderate asthma, an almost equal distribution of inflammatory cell patterns, the lowest concentrations of eicosanoids, and logLTE4/logPGE2 ratio. Class 2 represented severe asthma with impaired lung function despite high doses of steroids. High sputum eosinophilia was in line with higher pro‐inflammatory LTE4 in ISS and the highest logLTE4/logPGE2 ratio. Class 3 subjects had mild‐to‐moderate asthma and were also characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation, yet increased production of pro‐ (LTE4, PGD2 and 11‐dehydro‐TBX2) was balanced by anti‐inflammatory PGE2. The value of logLTE4/logPGE2 was between values calculated for classes 1 and 3, similarly to disease control and severity. Conclusions: LCA revealed three distinct NERD subphenotypes. Our results support a more complex pathobiology of aspirin hypersensitivity. Considering NERD heterogeneity, the relationship between inflammatory pathways and clinical manifestations of asthma may lead to more individualized treatment in difficult to treat patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GLO:1X5/01apr20:all13891-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl Carmen Oeo-Santos, Ana Navas, Sara Benedé, Berta Ruiz-León, Araceli Diaz-Perales, Lothar Vogel, Carmen Moreno-Aguilar, Aurora Jurado, Mayte Villalba, and Rodrigo Barderas Ole e 7 cross-reacts with nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from pollen and food, specifically with peach and pear. The secondary prevention measures offered to the anaphylaxis patients varied with the elicitor, and to some extent with other factors such as patients' age, comorbidities, and reaction severity. ILC3 deficiency and generalized ILC abnormalities in DOCK8-deficient patients - P.921 GLO:1X5/01apr20:all13891-fig-0013.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl Ahmet Eken, Murat Cansever, Fatma Zehra Okus, Serife Erdem, Ercan Nain, Zehra Busra Azizoglu, Yesim Haliloglu, Musa Karakukcu, Alper Ozcan, Omer Devecioglu, Guzide Aksu, Zeynep Arikan Ayyildiz, Erdem Topal, Elif Karakoc Aydiner, Ayca Kiykim, Ayse Metin, Funda Cipe, Aysenur Kaya, Hasibe Artac, Ismail Reisli, Sukru N. Guner, Vedat Uygun, Gulsun Karasu, Hamiyet Dönmez Altuntas, Halit Canatan, Mohamed Oukka, Ahmet Ozen, Talal A. Chatila, Sevgi Keles, Safa Baris, Ekrem Unal and Turkan Patiroglu Peripheral blood ILC3 and ILC2s are reduced in DOCK8 but not STAT3 mutant HIES patients. [Extracted from the article]

Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a part of the tumour microenvironment, but we are still far from understanding their complex role in immune response to the tumour. This study aimed to investigate the density of DCs expressing CD1a, CD83, CD123, DC-LAMP3 (CD208) and DC-SIGN (CD209) in breast cancer. The correlations between DC density and molecular subtype of breast cancer, its hormone receptor status, spatial location and their associations with clinical and pathological prognostic factors were evaluated. We have shown that intratumoural CD1a+ cells were significantly associated with progression-free survival. For LAMP3+ and CD123+ DCs, higher cell densities were associated with non-luminal as compared to luminal cancer phenotype. In contrast, dense CD83+ DC infiltrate was observed in luminal tumours. The number of CD1a+ DCs in both locations was the highest in luminal B/HER2+ cancers. The highest positive cell count of LAMP3+ cells was observed in the triple-negative subtype in both locations. We found higher numbers of LAMP3+ DCs both intratumourally and at the invasive margin, as well as CD123+ DCs intratumourally in tumours with negative expression of oestrogen or progesterone receptors. Our study demonstrates associations between DC subpopulations and histological and clinical characteristics, as well as molecular subtypes in breast carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]