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Vytautas Jurgutis (1908-1993) erhielt seine Ausbildung als Jurist an der Vytautas-Magnus-Universität in Kaunas (1933) und war Dozent an dieser Universität. Im Jahr 1940 zog er nach Vilnius um, wo er Professor an der Universität Vilnius und Mitglied des Senats war. Im Jahr 1945 wurde V. Jurgutis festgenommen und der antisowjetischen Tätigkeit beschuldigt; er war 10 Jahre im Gefängnis und im Lager eingesperrt. Als er aus der Verschleppung zurückkam, konnte er seine frühere berufliche Tätigkeit nicht fortsetzen. Deshalb begann V. Jurgutis in der Litauischen Nationalbibliothek zu arbeiten. Die Gelehrsamkeit, die Kenntnis einiger Fremdsprachen und die Fertigkeiten der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit erlaubten ihm bald, sich in die Forschung der Altdrucke und der Handschriften einzuarbeiten. Vytautas Jurgutis erkannte besonders wichtige Handschriften des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, die in der Bibliothek aufbewahrt wurden: die Grammatik von J. Čiulda und die Sammlung der von Simonas Daukantas aufgezeichneten litauischen Volkslieder. Er veröffentlichte darüber die ersten Publikationen. 30 Jahre lang forschte er im handschriftlichen Nachlass von Simonas Daukantas und bereitete dessen Band der Folklore für den Druck vor (Vilnius, 1983). Aus dem Deutschen übersetzte V. Jurgutis Betrachtung der litauischen Sprache von Philipp Ruhig (Vilnius, 1986) und bereitete zwei Bände aus der Serie Lituanistinė biblioteka (Lituanistische Bibliothek) vor. Über 50 Artikel zur Thematik der Buchkunde und der Druckgeschichte hat er veröffentlicht. Aus dem Deutschen ins Litauische übersetzte er auch ethnographische Arbeiten deutscher Autoren (E. Gisevius, Otto Glagau, Carl Cappeller) über Litauer aus Preußen. V. Jurgutis bereitete für den Druck das Buch Lietuvininkai (Vilnius, 1970) vor.

The article analyses prof. V. Jurgutis‘ thoughts, attitudes, ideas and suggestions towards the importance of banks, their management, competition among them, etc. The article presents the development of V. Jurgutis’ insights into bank performance in works of Lithuanian authors. The study reveals that V. Jurgutis’ insights into banks’ performance is inestimable for Lithuanian banking science and practice professionals. Especially valuable are his thoughts and ideas towards the organization and rationalization of banks, their employee structure and relations, the competition and the expansion of banks. Statements formulated in prof. V. Jurgutis work "Banks" have encouraging influences on the growth of the effectiveness of bank performance, and are relevant to both the regulation of bank performance in Lithuania and the transition to Euro. Therefore, with the consideration of today's realities, it is necessary to further analyse V. Jurgutis‘ scientific heritage and implement his ideas into practice.

Be pinigų negali egzistuoti nei viena valstybė, nei viena įmonė, nei vienas žmogus. Pinigų įvairius aspektus nagrinėjo daugybė pasaulio mokslininkų. Dabartiniu metu, kai nuolat kalbama ir rašoma apie euro įvedimo galimybes Lietuvoje svarbu prisiminti ir panagrinėti žymiausio Lietuvos pinigų sistemos kūrėjo prof. Vlado Jurgučio įžvalgas apie pinigus. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama prof. V. Jurgučio nuomonė ir mokslinių tyrimų išvados apie pinigų sampratą, funkcijas, savybes, vertę, infliaciją ir kt. Pateikiama V. Jurgučio įžvalgų apie pinigus plėtotė lietuvių autorių darbuose.

Aptariama profesoriaus Vl. Jurgučio (1885–1966) visuomeninė veikla ir socialinės-ekonominės pažiūros. Konstatuojama, kad vokiečių naujosios istorinės mokyklos liberaliosios krypties ekonomistų idėjos ir bažnyčios socialinis mokslas iš esmės veikė Vl. Jurgučio pažiūras. Vl. Jurgutis formavo tarpukario Lietuvos monetarinę politiką, buvo klasikinės monetarinės politikos šalininkas. Savo straipsniuose ir seminaruose kritikavo totalitarizmą, propagavo liberalizmo ir katalikiškojo socializmo sintezę.

Population health management (PHM) is a people-centred, data-driven and proactive approach to improving the health and well-being of a defined population, considering the differences within that population and their social determinants of health. By using quantitative and qualitative data insights, PHM helps primary care providers identify population cohorts with similar needs or ‘at risk’ of a given negative outcome/s. This enables primary care providers to address their needs in a targeted, tailored, proactive and holistic way through coordination with other care levels and sectors. PHM can be summarized conceptually in a cycle of five steps: defining and identifying the population; health assessment and segmentation; risk stratification and impactibility; tailored service delivery; and evaluation and improvement. The relationship between primary health care (PHC) and PHM is that of a virtuous circle. PHM helps make PHC more effective and many elements of a strong PHC-oriented model of care are essential for effective PHM. Resumen: La gestión poblacional de la salud (GPS) es un enfoque proactivo, centrado en las personas y basado en los datos para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de una población determinada, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias dentro de esa población y sus determinantes sociales de la salud. Mediante el uso de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, la GPS ayuda a los proveedores de atención primaria a identificar cohortes de población con necesidades similares o «en riesgo» de un/os determinado/s resultado/s negativo/s. Esto permite a los proveedores de atención primaria abordar sus necesidades de forma específica, adaptada, proactiva y holística mediante la coordinación con otros niveles y sectores asistenciales. La GPS puede resumirse conceptualmente en un ciclo de cinco pasos: definición e identificación de la población; análisis de la salud y segmentación de la población; estratificación de la población e impactabilidad; prestación de servicios adaptada, y evaluación y mejora. La relación entre la atención primaria de salud (APS) y la GPS es la de un círculo virtuoso. La GPS contribuye a hacer la APS más eficaz, y muchos elementos de un modelo de atención orientado a la APS son esenciales para la GPS.

Parking lots have wide variety of shapes because of surrounding environment and the objects inside the parking lot, such as trees, manholes, etc. In the case of paving the parking lot, as much area as possible should be covered by the construction vehicle to reduce the need for manual workforce. Thus, the coverage path planning (CPP) problem is formulated. The CPP of the parking lots is a complex problem with constraints regarding various issues, such as dimensions of the construction vehicle and data processing time and resources. A strategy based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the fast estimation of the CPP’s average track length, standard deviation of track lengths, and number of tracks was suggested in this article. Two datasets of different complexity were generated to analyze the suggested approach. The first case represented a simple case with a working polygon constructed out of several rectangles with applied shear and rotation transformations. The second case represented a complex geometry generated out of rectangles and ellipses, narrow construction area, and obstacles. The results were compared with the linear regression models, with the area of the working polygon as an input. For both generated datasets, the strategy to use an approximator to estimate outcomes led to more accurate results compared to the respective linear regression models. The suggested approach enables us to have rough estimates of a large number of geometries in a short period of time and organize the working process, for example, planning construction time and price, choosing the best decomposition of the working polygon, etc.

Abstract Background The Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) was designed to encapsulate consultation outcome from the perspective that increasing their understanding and coping ability would underpin a positive consultation outcome for patients. The objective of the study was the validation of the PEI in Lithuanian general practice and comparison of Lithuanian patients’ enablement with previous studies in Europe to see if factors associated with patient enablement in Lithuania were reflective of those in the previous studies. Methods The Patient Enablement Instrument was translated into Lithuanian and included in the questionnaire along with the questions about a person’s health, reasons for visiting the doctor and feeling about the consultation. Practices from 4 different municipalities that are situated in different geographical regions which have both town and rural areas were sampled randomly. Patients scheduled consecutively aged 18 years or more were the subjects of the study. The data analyses focused on internal reliability and concept validity. Results The overall mean patient enablement score was 6.43. Enablement scores declined with increasing patient age, and female patients were more enabled. Patients with biomedical problems had the highest enablement results, while patients with complex problems had the lower results. Enablement was positively related to receiving a prescription and knowing a doctor, and negatively related to wish having consultation with another doctor. Conclusions This study substantiates the rationality of using PEI in assessing primary care consultations in Lithuania. The correlations of enablement largely reflect the situation in Western and Central Europe: longer consultation and access to the same physician increases patient enablement.

ObjectiveTo explore women's experiences and perspectives of reproductive healthcare in prison.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured focus groups in 2018 with women in a provincial prison in Ontario, Canada. We asked participants about their experiences and perspectives of pregnancy and contraception related to healthcare in prison. We used a combination of deductive and inductive content analysis to categorize data. A concept map was generated using a reproductive justice framework.ResultsThe data reflected three components of a reproductive justice framework: 1) women have limited access to healthcare in prison, 2) reproductive safety and dignity influence attitudes toward pregnancy and contraception, and 3) women in prison want better reproductive healthcare. Discrimination and stigma were commonly invoked throughout women's experiences in seeking reproductive healthcare.ConclusionsImproving reproductive healthcare for women in prison is crucial to promoting reproductive justice in this population. Efforts to increase access to comprehensive, responsive, and timely reproductive healthcare should be informed by the needs and desires of women in prison and should actively seek to reduce their experience of discrimination and stigma in this context.

The most important component of agricultural system are soils as the basis for the growth of plants, accumulation of water, plant nutrients and organic matter. The main task of our research was to ascertain changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and mobile humified carbon fractions in digestate-treated soils. We have performed three field experiments using the same design on two soil types in 2019–2020. We studied the fertilization effects of different phases of digestate on Retisol and Fluvisol. Fertilization treatments: control; separated liquid digestate 85 kg ha−1 N; and 170 kg ha−1 170 N; separated solid digestate 85 kg ha−1 N; and 170 kg ha−1 N. We have found a greater positive effect on the increase in SOC because of the use of the maximum recommended fertilization rate of the solid digestate. The content of mobile humic substances (MHS) tended to increase in grassland and crop rotation field in digestate-treated soil. In our experiment, maximum concentration of SOC was found in 0–10 cm soil layer, while in the deeper layers the amount of SOC, MHS and mobile humic acids proportionally decreased. We concluded, that long-term factors as soil type and land use strongly affected the humification level expressed as HD (%) in the soil and the highest HD was determined in the grassland soil in Fluvisol.

Parking lots have wide variety of shapes because of surrounding environment and the objects inside the parking lot, such as trees, manholes, etc. In the case of paving the parking lot, as much area as possible should be covered by the construction vehicle to reduce the need for manual workforce. Thus, the coverage path planning (CPP) problem is formulated. The CPP of the parking lots is a complex problem with constraints regarding various issues, such as dimensions of the construction vehicle and data processing time and resources. A strategy based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the fast estimation of the CPP's average track length, standard deviation of track lengths, and number of tracks was suggested in this article. Two datasets of different complexity were generated to analyze the suggested approach. The first case represented a simple case with a working polygon constructed out of several rectangles with applied shear and rotation transformations. The second case represented a complex geometry generated out of rectangles and ellipses, narrow construction area, and obstacles. The results were compared with the linear regression models, with the area of the working polygon as an input. For both generated datasets, the strategy to use an approximator to estimate outcomes led to more accurate results compared to the respective linear regression models. The suggested approach enables us to have rough estimates of a large number of geometries in a short period of time and organize the working process, for example, planning construction time and price, choosing the best decomposition of the working polygon, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore continuity of health care and health barriers, facilitators, and opportunities for people at the time of release from a provincial correctional facility in Ontario, Canada. We conducted focus groups in community-based organizations in a city in Ontario, Canada: a men's homeless shelter, a mental health service organization, and a social service agency with programs for people with substance use disorders. We included adults who spoke English well enough to participate in the discussion and who had been released from the provincial correctional facility in the previous year. We conducted three focus groups with 18 total participants. Participants had complex health needs on release, including ongoing physical and psychological impacts of time in custody. They identified lack of access to high quality health care; lack of housing, employment, social services, and social supports; and discrimination on the basis of incarceration history as barriers to health on release. Access to health care, housing, social services, and social supports all facilitated health on release. To address health needs on release, participants suggested providing health information in jail, improving discharge planning, and developing accessible clinics in the community. This pilot study identified opportunities to support health at the time of release from jail, including delivery of programs in jail, linkage with and development of programs in the community, and efforts to support structural changes to prevent and address discrimination. These data will inform ongoing work to support health and continuity of care on release from a provincial correctional facility.

The digestate is a prospective biofertilizer and potential source of income for many biogas plants worldwide. However, its actual impact on the soil properties and biomass yield is still unexploited. The different digestates from eight agricultural biogas plants were researched in terms of their chemical composition and the fertilizing potential. The results obtained from digestate chemical analysis indicate that the digestate biomass had large amount of nitrogen (up to 73 g kg−1 fresh mass) and potassium (up to 25 g kg−1 fresh mass). The value of the digestate was estimated in the range of 2.88–7.89 EUR Mg−1 for liquid digestate and 7.62–13.61 EUR Mg−1 for solid digestate based on the commercial fertilizer market price of nitrogen, potassium phosphorus, organic carbon, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg. The digestate produced at the 1 MW biogas plant is worth EUR 941–2095 per day in addition to energy sales income. The application of digestate on low-fertility land in areas close to the biogas plant allows the production of up to three-fold more biomass suitable for biogas production. The digestate’s application on semi-natural grass biomass production in the low-fertility soils near the biogas plants could be an alternative strategy for the biogas plant feedstock portfolio diversification.

Intracellular polarity in lipid droplets as well as other organelles may provide useful knowledge about various processes taking place in live cells. Therefore, small fluorophores capable of visualising polarity are undergoing rapid development. In this paper, we report new red-emitting polarity sensitive BODIPY probes that can distinguish between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases and can internalise into lipid droplets of live cells. Our reported probes sense lipid environment not through solvatochromic shift of the fluorescence spectra but through the change in the fluorescence lifetime of their monoexponential decays. This makes them convenient for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The probes were synthesised by modifying viscosity-sensitive meso-phenyl BODIPY with electron-donating 2-thienyl moieties at the α- and β-positions, significantly red-shifting absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dyes and improving sensitivity to polarity, while suppressing viscosity dependence. Finally, a novel probe – BP OC16 TP2 was suitable for sensing polarity in lipid droplets of live MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that different chemotherapeutics affected lipid droplet polarity differently: cisplatin had no effect on lipid droplet polarity, whereas paclitaxel, depending on its concentration, either decreased or increased lipid droplet polarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of household scale anaerobic digesters is typically based on diluted animal dung, requiring stabled livestock and adequate water availability. This excludes many rural households in low-income countries from the benefits of a domestic biogas digester. Solid state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) can be operated with low process water demands, but the technology involves operational challenges, as e.g., risk of process acidification or low degradation rates. This study aimed at developing simple methods to perform SSAD of yam peelings in low-tech applications by testing different inoculation strategies and evaluating the necessity of dung addition as a supportive biomass. In initial lab scale trials 143 ± 4 mL CH4/g VS (volatile solids) were obtained from a mixture of yam peelings and dung digested in a multi-layer-inoculated batch reactor. In a consecutive incubation cycle in which adapted inoculum was applied, bottom inoculated digesters loaded without dung reached a yield of 140 ± 16 mL CH4/g VS. This indicates that SSAD of yam peelings is possible with simple inoculation methods and dung addition is unnecessary after microbial adaptation. A comparison with a conventional fixed dome digester indicated that SSAD can reduce process water demand and the digester volume necessary to supply a given biogas demand.