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Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) typically exhibit reduced diversity in nutrient-rich soils. However, whether the influence of host plants on AMF within the rhizosphere is direct or indirect through the alteration of soil nutrient levels has yet to be determined. This study explored the diversity and colonization of AMF in the National Tropical Fruit Tree Genebank, where chemical fertilizers are used to preserve minor tropical fruit germplasms. We aimed to understand the direct and indirect effects of host plants on AMF community dynamics, sporulation, and colonization. By analyzing fine roots and rhizosphere soil from 12 tropical fruit trees, we assessed mycorrhizal colonization indices, soil nutrients, AMF spore density, and community structure. Despite their low colonization density and arbuscular abundance, all the tree roots harbored AMF, with spore densities ranging from 24.00 to 204.80 spores/100 g of dry soil. High-throughput sequencing identified 207 AMF virtual taxa (VTs) from 60 soil samples, with dominant taxa, including early-evolved Paraglomus fungi and ruderal AMF, being minimally affected by soil nutrient levels. Interestingly, there was no correlation between α diversity and spore density. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that host plant evolutionary divergence time (ET) directly influenced AMF α diversity indices and indirectly impacted spore density via soil nutrients. However, neither ETs nor soil nutrients significantly affected the AMF community structure, with only arbuscular abundance showing a negative correlation with ET. This research underscores the intricate relationship between host plants and AMF in genebanks, offering insights for effective AMF resource management and informed conservation practices. Graphical Abstract

Self-reported tiredness or low energy, often referred to as fatigue, has been linked to lifestyle factors, although data from randomized-controlled trials are lacking. We investigate whether modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking and alcohol intake related exposures (SAIEs) are causal factors for fatigue using Mendelian randomization (MR). A two-sample MR study was performed by using genome-wide association summary results from UK Biobank (UKBB), and each of the sample size is more than 100,000. We used the inverse variance weighted method, and sensitivity analyses (MR Egger, weighted median, penalized median estimators, and multivariable MR) to account for pleiotropy. The two-sample MR analyses showed inverse causal effect of never-smoking status and positive effect of current smoking status on the risk of fatigue. Similarly, genetically predicted alcoholic intake was positively associated with fatigue. The results were consistent across the different MR methods. Our Mendelian randomization analyses do support that the cessation of smoking and alcohol can decrease the risk of fatigue, and limit alcohol intake frequency can also reduce the risk.

Ovarian cancer is the second leading cause of death of female gynecological malignant tumor patients worldwide. Although surgery and chemotherapy have achieved dramatic achievement, the mortality remains high, resulting in the demand for new specific drug discovery. Disrupting ovarian cancer growth via histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition is a strategy for cancer therapy or prevention. In this work, we synthesized a novel pyridine derivative named compound H42 and investigated its anti-cancer activity in vivo and in vitro. We found that compound H42 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation with IC50 values of 0.87 μM (SKOV3) and 5.4 μM (A2780). Further studies confirmed that compound H42 induced apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, and DNA damage. Moreover, compound H42 downregulated the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with a distinct increase in the acetylation of α-tubulin and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), followed by the degradation of cyclin D1, resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Importantly, ectopic expression of HDAC6 induced deacetylation of HSP90 and α-tubulin, while HDAC6 knockdown upregulated the acetylation of HSP90 and α-tubulin. However, in the nude xenograft mouse study, compound H42 treatment can inhibit ovarian cancer growth without obvious toxicity. These findings indicated that compound H42 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation through inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase via regulating HDAC6-mediated acetylation, suggesting compound H42 could serve as a lead compound for further development of ovarian cancer therapeutic agents.

Camellia oleifera is an important woody edible oil crop in China with high ecological and economical values. It is a traditional oilseed crop with high levels of desirable fatty acids. The fruits of C. oleifera were harvested from 18 geographic provenances in southern China. In this paper, we analyzed the key environmental factors of diverse geographic provenances that caused the variation in the fruit morphology and fatty acid composition (FAC). Our study indicated an average coefficient of variation of fruit width (FW) of 18.63%, and 15.81% for fruit length (FL). The most abundant fatty acids (FA) were oleic acid (C18:1; 70.21–85.23%), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0; 6.93–13.89%) and linoleic acid (C18:2; 5.02–14.26%). In addition, the fruit width had a negative correlation with the equivalent latitude (ELAT) and a positive correlation with the annual mean air temperature (MAT). The fruit length-to-width ratio and oleic acid level had a positive correlation with ELAT but a negative correlation with MAT, annual precipitation (AP), and precipitation of wettest quarter (PWQ). A positive correlation was observed between MAT, AP, and PWQ with palmitic acid. Meanwhile, a negative correlation was found between longitude (LON), maximum temperature of warmest month (MTW), and ELAT and palmitic acid. The cluster analysis indicated six groups for the selected 18 populations. Our results showed the most influential environmental factors for variation in fruit morphology and FAC are ELAT and MAT.

Objective: To better understand the timing and unique contribution of four potential mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC) during alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment (negative affect, positive affect, alcohol craving, and adaptive alcohol coping), we used a time-varying effect modeling analytic approach to examine the change trajectories of alcohol abstinence, heavy drinking, the hypothesized MOBCs, and the time-varying associations between the MOBCs and alcohol outcomes. Method: Participants (N = 181; Mage = 50.8 years, SD = 10.6; 51% women; 93.5% Caucasian) were enrolled in a 12-week randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral outpatient treatment program for AUD. For 84 consecutive days, participants provided self-reports of positive and negative affect, craving, alcohol use, and adaptive alcohol coping strategies employed. Results: Throughout the 84-day treatment window, higher daily average craving levels were associated with both decreased likelihood of alcohol abstinence and increased odds of heavy drinking, whereas higher adaptive alcohol coping was associated with increased odds of abstinence and decreased odds of heavy drinking. Higher negative affect was associated with decreased odds of abstinence in the first 10 days of treatment and increased odds of heavy drinking before Day 4 or Day 5. Higher positive affect was associated with decreased odds of heavy drinking during the first 4 or 5 days. Conclusions: The differential time-varying associations between negative affect, positive affect, alcohol craving, adaptive alcohol coping, and alcohol use provide insights into how and when each of the MOBCs is active during AUD treatment. These findings can help optimize the efficacy of future AUD treatments. Public Health Significance Statement This study highlights the importance of reducing both negative affect and craving when treating negative affect drinkers with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on how to minimize the total passenger travel time cost by computing and adjusting skip-sop patterns with given time-varying origin-to-destination passenger demand matrices. A bi-objective nonlinear integer programming model with linear constraints is proposed to precisely formulate the total travel time cost and operating cost under minute-dependent demand from the different origin–destination pairs. The proposed model is implemented by using the genetic algorithm with the idea point optimization solvers, and we show its effectiveness on the real world instance of Guangzhou Metro Line 8.

A correction is presented to the article "Predictors of National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol Recovery Among Individuals in Alcohol Treatment: Implications for Social Work," which appeared in the 2024 issue of the magazine.

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's (NIAAA) definition of alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery stipulates two criteria: remission from DSM-5 AUD and cessation of heavy drinking. Importantly, these criteria allow for consideration of nonabstinent alcohol treatment outcomes. However, researchers have yet to assess potential predictors of the NIAAA recovery outcome. The current study examined associations between mental health and coping predictors of NIAAA recovery status in an AUD treatment sample. At baseline (BL) and end-of-treatment (EOT) research interviews in a clinical trial, participants (N = 118) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol dependence, mental health, and confidence levels in reducing heavy drinking, as well as alcohol use and DSM-5 AUD symptom endorsement. Logistic regression models tested the associations between chosen predictors and the odds of achieving NIAAA recovery. Twenty-four percent of individuals (n = 28) met both criteria for NIAAA recovery at EOT. Higher levels of BL state anxiety and anxiety sensitivity predicted lower odds of achieving NIAAA recovery, while greater confidence to reduce heavy drinking predicted increased odds of NIAAA recovery. Social workers are encouraged to continue assessing and addressing mental health in AUD treatment to help individuals with alcohol problems achieve their AUD recovery goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has attracted extensive attention across various fields including transistors, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, batteries and catalysis in recent years owing to its high carrier mobility, wide adjustable band gap, and in-plane anisotropy. However, the instability of black phosphorus in natural environmental conditions and the chanllenges in the fabrication of large-area, high-quality semiconducting black phosphorus nanostructures seriously have hampered its rapid development in the field of nanodevices, catalysis and biophotonics. In this work, we summarize the controlled fabrication and optical properties of highly stable BP nanostructures in recent years. The research advances in photoresponse applications, including photodetectors, nonlinear and linear photonics, photocatalysis and biophotonics, are highlighted. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of BP nanostructures in future optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis and biophotonics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Research has identified several potential mechanisms of behavior change (MOBCs) in cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder, including alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (AASE), negative affect (NA), and positive affect (PA). However, little is known about when MOBCs affect clinical outcomes during alcohol use disorder treatment. Such information could advance MOBC research by identifying relationships between specific treatment content and variations in MOBCs. This study examined three MOBCs simultaneously to determine their timing and relative influence on percent days abstinent (PDA) and drinks per day (DPD). Method: Data were derived from a parent study assessing pretreatment change in drinking. Participants (n = 205) received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder. AASE, NA, and PA were measured at each treatment session, and time-varying effect models (TVEM) were used to examine their association with PDA and DPD. Results: All three MOBCs were associated with PDA and DPD but varied with regard to time course, strength, and direction. For PDA, AASE was positively associated throughout treatment, NA was negatively associated from Sessions 1 to 10, and PA was positively associated from Sessions 1 to 3 and 11 to 12. For DPD, AASE was positively associated from Session 5 to the end of treatment, NA was positively associated throughout treatment although the strength of the association varied and was strongest at the beginning of treatment, and PA was positively associated from Sessions 5 to 12. Conclusions: Results show that MOBCs exert their effects at different times during treatment. In addition to replicating these results, future research should attempt to manipulate MOBCs directly and examine their influence on alcohol outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) typically exhibit reduced diversity in nutrient-rich soils. However, whether the influence of host plants on AMF within the rhizosphere is direct or indirect through the alteration of soil nutrient levels has yet to be determined. This study explored the diversity and colonization of AMF in the National Tropical Fruit Tree Genebank, where chemical fertilizers are used to preserve minor tropical fruit germplasms. We aimed to understand the direct and indirect effects of host plants on AMF community dynamics, sporulation, and colonization. By analyzing fine roots and rhizosphere soil from 12 tropical fruit trees, we assessed mycorrhizal colonization indices, soil nutrients, AMF spore density, and community structure. Despite their low colonization density and arbuscular abundance, all the tree roots harbored AMF, with spore densities ranging from 24.00 to 204.80 spores/100 g of dry soil. High-throughput sequencing identified 207 AMF virtual taxa (VTs) from 60 soil samples, with dominant taxa, including early-evolved Paraglomus fungi and ruderal AMF, being minimally affected by soil nutrient levels. Interestingly, there was no correlation between α diversity and spore density. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that host plant evolutionary divergence time (ET) directly influenced AMF α diversity indices and indirectly impacted spore density via soil nutrients. However, neither ETs nor soil nutrients significantly affected the AMF community structure, with only arbuscular abundance showing a negative correlation with ET. This research underscores the intricate relationship between host plants and AMF in genebanks, offering insights for effective AMF resource management and informed conservation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-reported tiredness or low energy, often referred to as fatigue, has been linked to lifestyle factors, although data from randomized–controlled trials are lacking. We investigate whether modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking and alcohol intake related exposures (SAIEs) are causal factors for fatigue using Mendelian randomization (MR). A two-sample MR study was performed by using genome-wide association summary results from UK Biobank (UKBB), and each of the sample size is more than 100,000. We used the inverse variance weighted method, and sensitivity analyses (MR Egger, weighted median, penalized median estimators, and multivariable MR) to account for pleiotropy. The two-sample MR analyses showed inverse causal effect of never-smoking status and positive effect of current smoking status on the risk of fatigue. Similarly, genetically predicted alcoholic intake was positively associated with fatigue. The results were consistent across the different MR methods. Our Mendelian randomization analyses do support that the cessation of smoking and alcohol can decrease the risk of fatigue, and limit alcohol intake frequency can also reduce the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pretreatment reductions in drinking are well documented and have been demonstrated to predict posttreatment drinking outcomes. Making use of the predictive value of pretreatment change has great appeal in settings that place a premium on efficient clinical decisions regarding appropriate type and intensity of treatment. Methods: This study investigates whether different types and intensities of treatment are appropriate and beneficial for individuals entering treatment for an alcohol use disorder (AUD; N = 201) who make more vs. less pretreatment change in their drinking during a 2‐month pretreatment period. Based on an algorithm derived from pilot research, we derived two independent pretreatment change arms that we called Substantial Change and Minimal Change. Each arm was a parallel, sequentially randomized design consisting of a treatment group and an active control. The Substantial Change arm compared six sessions of relapse prevention treatment (RPT) with 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for AUD (CBT) as an active control. Both CBT and RPT occurred over a 12‐week period. The Minimal Change arm compared 12 sessions of an integrated motivational intervention combined with CBT (MI/CBT) with 12 sessions of CBT as an active control. The outcome variables were changes in number of days abstinent (NDA) and number of days heavy drinking (NDH) per week. Results: For the Substantial Change arm, a noninferiority analysis revealed that six sessions of RPT were noninferior to 12 sessions of CBT at each posttreatment assessment for both NDA and NDH. For the Minimal Change arm, a superiority analysis failed to detect that MI/CBT was superior to CBT at any posttreatment assessment for both NDA and NDH. Conclusions: In the substantial change arm, results suggest that offering a less intensive initial treatment, like RPT, may lower costs and conserve clinical resources. In the Minimal Change arm, results indicate the need to continue searching for a treatment or treatment enhancements to improve alcohol outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We tested a conceptual model examining associations between prenatal substance exposure and adolescent cortisol reactivity profiles in response to an acute social evaluative stressor. We included cortisol reactivity in infancy, and direct and interactive effects of early‐life adversity and parenting behaviors (sensitivity, harshness) from infancy to early school age on adolescent cortisol reactivity profiles in model testing. Participants were 216 families (51% female children; 116 cocaine‐exposed) recruited at birth, oversampled for prenatal substance exposure, and assessed from infancy to early adolescence (EA). Majority of participants self‐identified as Black (72% mothers, 57.2% adolescents), and caregivers were primarily from low‐income families (76%), were single (86%), and had high school or below education (70%) at recruitment. Latent profile analyses identified three cortisol reactivity patterns including elevated (20.4%), moderate (63.1%), and blunted (16.5%) reactivity groups. Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with higher likelihood of membership in the elevated reactivity compared to the moderate reactivity group. Higher caregiver sensitivity in early life was associated with lower likelihood of membership in the elevated reactivity group. Prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with higher maternal harshness. Interaction effects among early‐life adversity and parenting indicated that caregiver sensitivity buffered, and harshness exacerbated, the likelihood that high early adversity would be associated with the elevated and blunted reactivity groups. Results highlight the potential importance of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure for cortisol reactivity and the role of parenting as exacerbating or buffering the impact of early‐life adversity on adolescent stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our personalities affect how we understand the political world, but research to date has focused almost exclusively on democratic contexts. How is personality related to political attitudes and behavior in authoritarian systems? Three original surveys of Chinese citizens ( N study 1 = 2,024 , N study 2 = 3,573 , N study 3 = 1,986) show that discontented citizens in contemporary China are more fearful, disagreeable, and introverted, lacking close emotional attachments to others. Conversely, Chinese Communist Party members show high levels of extraversion and other traits associated with personal and professional success. These findings suggest a social element to regime support. China's most dissatisfied citizens operate at the fringes of society, which may contribute to the durability of authoritarian rule in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were widely reported increases in alcohol consumption among the general population. However, little research has assessed the pandemic’s impact on individuals enrolled in alcohol treatment. Participants (N = 48) in an outpatient alcohol treatment program completed interviews at the end of treatment, during which they responded to open-ended questions assessing how COVID-19 affected their drinking. These responses were converted into categorical variables: COVID-19 increased drinking or COVID-19 decreased or had no impact on drinking. Most participants indicated that COVID-19 increased their drinking. A content analysis revealed three main themes: drinking in response to stress, drinking in response to boredom, and the impact of being in treatment on drinking. This investigation aimed to illuminate emerging clinical treatment practices, including screening approaches and tailored interventions that help populations disproportionately affected by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camellia oleifera is an important woody edible oil crop in China with high ecological and economical values. It is a traditional oilseed crop with high levels of desirable fatty acids. The fruits of C. oleifera were harvested from 18 geographic provenances in southern China. In this paper, we analyzed the key environmental factors of diverse geographic provenances that caused the variation in the fruit morphology and fatty acid composition (FAC). Our study indicated an average coefficient of variation of fruit width (FW) of 18.63%, and 15.81% for fruit length (FL). The most abundant fatty acids (FA) were oleic acid (C18:1; 70.21–85.23%), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0; 6.93–13.89%) and linoleic acid (C18:2; 5.02–14.26%). In addition, the fruit width had a negative correlation with the equivalent latitude (ELAT) and a positive correlation with the annual mean air temperature (MAT). The fruit length-to-width ratio and oleic acid level had a positive correlation with ELAT but a negative correlation with MAT, annual precipitation (AP), and precipitation of wettest quarter (PWQ). A positive correlation was observed between MAT, AP, and PWQ with palmitic acid. Meanwhile, a negative correlation was found between longitude (LON), maximum temperature of warmest month (MTW), and ELAT and palmitic acid. The cluster analysis indicated six groups for the selected 18 populations. Our results showed the most influential environmental factors for variation in fruit morphology and FAC are ELAT and MAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: fucoxanthin; kinetic model; microalgae; sensitivity coefficient EN fucoxanthin kinetic model microalgae sensitivity coefficient 723 734 12 07/21/22 20220701 NES 220701 1 Introduction As a kind of marine natural active product with development value, fucoxanthin production has been widely concerned and studied in recent years ([18]). In other words, the decrease of microalgal growth has much greater impact on HT ht than HT ht . The performance of the parameter estimation problem is defined as HT ht Graph (12)where the subscripts I l i , I i i , I j i are respectively the indexes of the group of experiments, the substances and the measured time points. However, the decrease of HT ht is not as fast as that of HT ht . [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Alexithymia is common among people who abuse alcohol, yet the mechanisms by which alexithymia exerts its influence remain unclear. This analysis tested a model whereby the three subscales of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale exert an indirect effect on alcohol problems through difficulties with emotion regulation and psychological distress. Method: Men and women (n = 141) seeking alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Short Inventory of Problems, and the Alcohol Dependence Scale. Results: The Difficulty Identifying Feelings subscale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale was positively associated with alcohol problems through emotion dysregulation and psychological distress. The other two subscales, Difficulty Describing Feelings and Externally oriented Thinking, were not associated with any other variables. Conclusion: People with alexithymia may consume alcohol to help regulate undifferentiated states of emotional arousal. Given the prevalence of alexithymia among people who abuse alcohol, treatment supplements that enhance the identification of emotions are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Infant Mental Health Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Few studies have focused on behavioral changes that occur prior to entering treatment for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). In 2 studies (Psychol Addict Behav, 27, 2013, 1159; J Stud Alcohol, 66, 2005, 369), pretreatment reductions in alcohol use were associated with better treatment outcomes. Identifying patterns of pretreatment change has the potential to inform clinical decision making. Methods: This study sought to identify pretreatment change trajectories in individuals seeking outpatient treatment for AUD (N = 205) using finite mixture modeling based on changes in number of days abstinent per week (NDA). Results: The analysis identified 3 pretreatment trajectory classes. Class 1 (High Abstinence—Minimal Increase; HA‐MI) (n = 64; 31.2%) reported a high level of pretreatment NDA with minimal change during an 8‐week pretreatment interval. Class 2 (Low Abstinence—Steady Increase; LA‐SI) (n = 73; 35.6%) reported a low level of pretreatment NDA followed by a steady increase beginning 2 weeks prior to the phone screen. Class 3 (Nonabstinent—Accelerated Increase; NA‐AI) (n = 68; 33.2%) reported no or very low levels of pretreatment NDA but demonstrated an increase following the phone screen. With regard to within‐treatment change, Class 1 demonstrated the least and Class 3 demonstrated the most change in NDA. From baseline to 6‐month follow‐up, Class 3 added 2.31 abstinent days per week, Class 2 added 0.69 days, and Class 1 added 0.63 days. The increase in NDA for Class 3 was significantly different from the other 2 classes; however, Class 3 reported fewer overall days abstinent at 6‐month follow‐up. Conclusions: Study results have clinical and research implications including recommended changes to treatment protocols and research designs. Understanding the impact of pretreatment trajectories of alcohol use on within‐treatment and posttreatment outcomes may provide important information about adapting treatment to increase efficiency and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined a conceptual model for the associations of prenatal exposure to tobacco (PTE) and marijuana with child reactivity/regulation at 16 months of age. We hypothesized that PTE would be associated with autonomic reactivity and regulation that these associations would be indirect via maternal anger/hostility, depression/stress, or harsh parenting assessed at 2 months and that these effects would be most pronounced among children exposed to both tobacco and marijuana (PTME). Participants were 247 dyads (81 PTE, 97 PTME, and 69 nonexposed) who were followed up at 2 (N = 247) and 16 months (N = 238) of child age. Results from model testing indicated an indirect association between PTME and autonomic functioning during the second year of life, which was mediated by harsh parenting during caregiver–infant interactions. This study fills an important gap in the literature on PTE, PTME, and autonomic regulation during the toddler years, highlighting the role of maternal parenting as important intervening variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]