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Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation on the reproductive endocrine function of rats after oophorectomy.Methods Female rats were selected to establish a castration model and then underwent different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation. Group I served as the sham operation group. The transplantation group was divided into five subgroups based on the calculated ratio of ovarian weight to body weight in normal female rats, δ = (2.52 ± 0.17) ×10−4: Group II: transplanted ovarian volume was δ; Group III: 0.75δ; Group IV: 0.5δ; Group V: 0.25δ; Group VI: without ovarian transplantation. The post-transplant oestrous cycle recovery was observed, and blood samples were collected every 2 weeks to measure serum hormone levels. Histological evaluation was performed at the end of the observation period.Results Rats in Group V exhibited disrupted oestrous cycles after transplantation, which were significantly longer than those in Group I. Rats in Groups II, III, and IV showed no cyclic changes. At 6 weeks post-transplantation, rats in Group V had lower E2 and AMH levels and higher FSH levels compared to Group I. The uterine wet weight and the number of normal follicles in Group V were significantly lower than those in Group I, but the number of atretic follicles was higher than in Group I.Conclusion The larger ovarian tissue transplantation resulted in a faster recovery with a higher survival rate of the uterus and normal follicles, compared to smaller ovarian tissue transplantation.

A new technique has successfully established the non-obese diabetic/severely combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse model of ovarian cancer. Under 4% chloral hydrate (0.1 mL/g dose) anesthesia, female mice were inoculated with tumor-cell suspension. The expression rate of OVCAR3 to CA125 was assessed using flow cytometry. The inoculated site was hand palpated and the signs and symptoms related to tumor growth were observed with the naked eye. The allophycocyanin (APC) indirectly labeled mouse-antihuman CA125 and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled anti-mouse MHC Class I molecule (H-2Kd/H-2Dd) were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The animal model of ovarian cancer constructed using this method can more directly reflect the characteristics of cancer cells. It provides reliable experimental results and presents a technical platform for the research of ovarian cancer stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify a prospective association between CA125 and tumorigenic ovarian cancer cells, using the new method of orthotopic transplantation (1). Method: After making the surgical ovarian cancer specimen into cell suspension, we separated the tumorigenic cells from the nontumorigenic cancer cells based on cell surface marker (cancer antigen CA125 and lineage markers) expression. We developed a SCID mice model in which the CA125+/lineage- and CA125-/lineage- cells were injected into ovarian parenchyma by use of a microinjector. As a measure of effectiveness of tumor-forming, tumor weight, abdominal distension, ascites volume and activity, subcutaneous fat were determined or observed. Immunohistochemistry was done to determine tumor cell markers. Results: We found that the cells of CA125+/lineage- were able to form new tumors; whereas, an equal quantity of CA125-/lineage- cells failed to form any tumors. The new generated tumor contained additional CA125-/lineage- tumorigenic cells as well as the phenotypically diverse population of nontumorigenic cells. Quantities were judged to be significantly different P < 0.0001. Conclusion: CA125+/lineage- cells, which may be ovarian cancer stem cells, were the source for tumor recurrence. The strategies designed to target this cell population may lead to more effective therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation on the reproductive endocrine function of rats after oophorectomy. Methods: Female rats were selected to establish a castration model and then underwent different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation. Group I served as the sham operation group. The transplantation group was divided into five subgroups based on the calculated ratio of ovarian weight to body weight in normal female rats, δ = (2.52 ± 0.17) ×10−4: Group II: transplanted ovarian volume was δ; Group III: 0.75δ; Group IV: 0.5δ; Group V: 0.25δ; Group VI: without ovarian transplantation. The post-transplant oestrous cycle recovery was observed, and blood samples were collected every 2 weeks to measure serum hormone levels. Histological evaluation was performed at the end of the observation period. Results: Rats in Group V exhibited disrupted oestrous cycles after transplantation, which were significantly longer than those in Group I. Rats in Groups II, III, and IV showed no cyclic changes. At 6 weeks post-transplantation, rats in Group V had lower E2 and AMH levels and higher FSH levels compared to Group I. The uterine wet weight and the number of normal follicles in Group V were significantly lower than those in Group I, but the number of atretic follicles was higher than in Group I. Conclusion: The larger ovarian tissue transplantation resulted in a faster recovery with a higher survival rate of the uterus and normal follicles, compared to smaller ovarian tissue transplantation. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: With advancements in science and technology, ovarian transplantation techniques have become increasingly mature. However, there are still many questions that need to be addressed. For instance, the large size of the transplanted ovarian tissues may cause over-recruitment of the primordial follicles. When the transplanted ovarian tissue is too small, it can only exert limited functionality and may not meet the patient's needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different volumes of ovarian tissue transplantation on the reproductive endocrine function in rats after oophorectomy, and to provide a theoretical basis for determining the minimum effective volume of heterotopic ovarian tissue transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem behaviors among persons with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have a significant impact on caregivers. However, caregivers' subjective reaction to the problem behaviors better predicts the caregiving outcomes than the objective frequency of problem behaviors. With a sample recruited from community agencies serving Alzheimer's Disease (AD) caregivers (n = 108), this study examined the effect of various factors on the caregivers 'reaction to different types of problem behaviors, including demographics, caregivers' knowledge about the AD, and resilience level, controlling for the frequency of problem behaviors and other caregiving context factors. Caregivers' reaction to problem behaviors was measured by the Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist. Findings indicated that African American caregivers had a lower level of reactions to disruptive (B = −3.956; p <.01) and depressive behaviors (B = −2.443; p <.05) than white caregivers, but not for memory-loss problems. Age, being spousal caregivers, and knowledge of AD only affected reactions to memory-loss problems but not for other types of behaviors. No effects were observed for personal resilience. Intervention should be tailored to the varied needs of family caregivers to deal with problem behaviors among people with AD to delay institutionalization. More training/resources at the skill level over the information-only caregiver intervention should be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An important goal of the social work profession is to maintain a qualified and accessible professional workforce across all practice areas. Little is known about socio-economic diversity among social work students and potential associations with career choices. The purpose of this project is to describe economic circumstances of social work students and to explore any associations between socio-economic status, debt, intent to stay in the social work profession, and their desired practice area. In this sample of social work students in the Southeastern United States, we find that the majority of students work and accrue student loan debt while in school. Parents' education level was associated with preference to work in healthcare, mental health/substance abuse, and education settings over nonprofit settings. Parents' income level had a non-linear association with likelihood of staying in the social work field. Students rated stability and health insurance as more important to choosing a job than salary. We find some potential influence of socio-economic status on career choices of social work students. Given this potential influence, educators should provide information about the features of different practice areas in the social work field and strategies for managing debt after graduation, especially for first generation students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the survival and complications of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, and VIP databases from inception to November 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan (version 5.3) and Stata version 15.0. Results: A total of 18 studies were included, which involved 3137 patients, The results of the metaanalysis showed that the pathological complete remission rate (odds ratio [OR] = 5.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.85–9.50, p<0.00001) and complete tumor resection rate (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.57–3.41, p<0.0001) in the NCRT group were significantly better than those in the NCT group. Our meta-analysis results showed that 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates (1-year overall survival [OS]: OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.11–2.05, p = 0.009; 3-year OS: OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.36–2.21, p<0.0001; 5-year OS: OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.30–1.99, p<0.00001) in the NCRT group were significantly higher than those in the NCT group. NCRT can lead a significant survival benefit compared with NCT and there was no significant difference between the two neoadjuvant treatments in terms of postoperative complications. Conclusion: The use of NCRT in the treatment of patients with ESCC patients showed significant advantages in terms of survival and safety relative to the use of NCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous studies have considered the two traditional operation strategies: following the electric load (FEL) and following the thermal load (FTL), for combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems in different case studies, there are limited theoretical studies on the quantification methods to assess the feasibility of these two strategies in different load demands scenarios. Therefore, instead of a case study, we have undertaken a theoretical analysis of the suitable application scenarios for FEL and FTL strategies based on the energy-matching performance between systems' provision and users' demands. To compare the calculation models of energy saving rate (ESR) for FEL and FTL strategies in the left and right sub-regions of the energy-supply curve, a comprehensive parameter (χ) that combines three inherently influential factors (off-design operation parameter, energy-matching parameter, and install capacity coefficient) is defined to determine the optimal installed capacity and feasibility of FEL or FTL strategies quantitatively. The results indicate that greater value of χ will contribute to a better energy saving performance, and FEL strategy shows better performance than FTL in most load demands scenarios, and the optimal installed capacity occurs when the load demand points were located in different regions of the energy-supply curve. Finally, taking a hotel in Beijing as an example, the value of the optimal install capacity coefficient is 0.845 and the FEL strategy is also suggested, and compared to the maximum install capacity, the average values of the ESR on a typical summer day, transition season, and winter can be enhanced by 3.9%, 8.8%, and 1.89%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education - Sohag University is the property of Journal of Education - Sohag University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antimony (Sb) has considerable specific capacity as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the large volume expansion during alloying/dealloying with Na+ leads to poor cycling stability. Herein, we report the synthesis of Sb@carbon quantum dots (Sb@CQDs) composite via a facile one‐step reduction approach at room temperature. CQDs can modify the nucleation and growth of Sb particles during the reduction process and thus tune the size of Sb. Sb@CQDs particles with size of ∼7 nm can relieve the volume expansion and reduce the diffusion distance for sodium ions. Moreover, the residual CQDs in the obtained composite enhance the electronic conductivity. Benefited from the modification of CQDs, the Sb@CQDs composite delivers high specific capacity of 635 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 334 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with diabetes and disabilities often have more difficulties in managing their diabetes. Little is known about how disabilities affect their use of diabetes education program. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between disabilities and diabetes education program use for patients with diabetes and to identify factors associated with diabetes education program use. Method: Data were from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and included patients with diabetes aged ≥ 18 years (N = 22 375). Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of disabilities, sociodemographics, and diabetes-related factors. Results: People with disabilities were 14% less likely to use diabetes education programs than people without (P < .05). Impairment types, health insurance, and number of complications were associated with diabetes education program use for people with disabilities. Discussion: The findings suggest that individuals with disabilities have more barriers to using diabetes education programs and there might be a disparity due to disability types. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health/diabetes educators need to reach out to people with both diabetes and disabilities and make the program accessible, particularly for those who have a vision impairment, cognitive impairment, or multiple impairments; have fewer complications; and have no health insurance. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Research has reported a lack of practice of early intervention for substance use disorders among primary healthcare professionals, and only a fraction of patients were asked about their substance use when visiting a primary healthcare office. This study examines conditions that may influence the adoption of early intervention [i.e., screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT)] among primary healthcare professionals. Methods: A pilot survey was emailed to primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in New York State, and 248 recipients responded to the survey. Findings: Three areas appear to be associated with the adoption of SBIRT: percentage of respondents' patients using marijuana (β = 0.14; p < 0.05); perceived ability to perform intervention (β = 0.32; p < 0.05); and perception of early intervention as a responsibility of primary care professionals (β = 0.29; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Training and education to promote SBIRT for primary care workers should focus on increasing their favourable attitudes towards the intervention as a strategy of preventive medicine and include the knowledge of the infrastructure of services for substance use disorders, especially for medical providers who see large numbers of patients at a high risk for alcohol and drug misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stannous based anode materials have been extensively studied for sodium ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities. However, the large volume changes upon repeated cycling always cause their structural pulverization and capacity fading. Herein, we report the fabrication of S-doped porous hollow carbon confined SnS nanospheres particles and their good electrochemical performance as an anode material for sodium ion batteries. Unlike previous reports, stanniferous solid carbonaceous nanospheres are novelly prepared by a hydrothermal process, and they can be converted into yolk–shell structured Sn@C nanospheres after thermal annealing in a H2/Ar atmosphere. The subsequent sulfidation process can produce S-doped carbon confined SnS hollow nanospheres with high porosity. The obtained SnS@SPC nanospheres possess a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 135.8 m2 g−1. As an anode material for sodium ion batteries, the obtained yolk–shell SnS@SPC exhibits a high reversible capacity of 512 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and good cycling stability. The void space between the carbon shell and the SnS yolk can accommodate the volume changes during the charge/discharge process. Meanwhile, the porous carbon shell can serve as a conductive skeleton and a reservoir for the electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School bullying and cyberbullying have been linked to suicidal behaviors through depression and alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drug use. However, how these associations may differ across racial/ethnic groups remains relatively unknown. Using data from the 2015 California Youth Risk Behavior Survey, this study aims to examine two questions in different racial/ethnic subgroups: (1) Does bullying affect suicide? and (2) Does bullying have an indirect effect on suicide through depression and use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other drugs? The sample consisted of 1,765 Californian youth attending grades 9-12. Logistic regression analyses indicate that being bullied is associated with increased odds of suicide across all racial/ethnic groups; depression mediates the effect of bullying on suicide for all racial/ethnic groups; alcohol use mediates the effect only for Hispanic youth; other drug use mediates the effect only for White youth; marijuana and tobacco use have no mediating role. These findings suggest that bullying may lead to suicide through different risk behaviors for youths of different racial/ethnic groups. Professionals who work with bullied youths need to treat depression more effectively to prevent suicide in service planning and provision. They also need to be aware of the racial/ethnic differences in the risk behaviors intercorrelated with bullying and suicide and provide appropriate treatment to the youth of specific race/ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous structures with binary chemical compositions could achieve unique chemical properties by modification of the components and interface engineering. Meanwhile, hollow microspheres with complex interiors have been extensively studied in energy storage and conversion systems due to their possibility of adjusting the electrochemical performances. In this work, we report the reliable preparation of heterogeneous (NiO)x(NiS)1−x (0 ≤x≤ 1) multi-shelled hollow microspheres derived from carbon sphere@nickel precursor templates. The structural evolution of the multiple shells is carefully studied. Moreover, the effect of sulfurization extent of the (NiO)x(NiS)1−x compounds on the electrochemical performance is also explored. As electrode materials for supercapacitors, the heterogeneous (NiO)0.1(NiS)0.9 multi-shelled hollow microspheres exhibit the best electrochemical performances among a series of nickel oxide/sulfide compounds. The (NiO)0.1(NiS)0.9 sample can deliver a high specific capacitance of 1063 F g−1 at 2 A g−1. Even at a high current density of 50 A g−1, the electrode can still retain a high specific capacitance of 486 F g−1 after 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, a (NiO)0.1(NiS)0.9‖active carbon asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits a specific capacitance of 58.5 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 in 2 M KOH solution. The superior electrochemical performances can be attributed to the careful composition regulation and the stable multi-shelled structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study aims were to explore differences in predictors of respite care use between older (aged 65+) and younger caregivers (aged 18–64 years), and associations between caregiving load and respite care use using multivariate logistic regression analysis and unpaid caregiver (n= 10,500) data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey. Caregiving load comprised number of care recipients, weekly hours in caregiving, and caregiving duration. Variables with a significant association with respite care for older caregivers were female gender, income, and health insurance. For younger caregivers, respite care use associations were with ethnicity, caregiving relationship, education, and availability of substitute help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social work education in China expands rapidly since 2000, field practicum is one of the most challenging areas. This qualitative study explored the field learning experiences of 27 students from a pioneer social work undergraduate program. Analysis resulted in six major themes revealing the students’ perspective on the process of learning by performing various practice events during 4-week summer block placements. Discussion focuses on the key features of this learning process. Suggestions for future research and implications for field instruction are included. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including the role of geography in social support and health of African American caregivers, Reducing Disability in Alzheimer's Disease program, and resilience in older adults with HIV infection.