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Seawalls are commonly used worldwide to protect urbanized sea fronts. These alongshore protection structures are often blamed for hydro-sedimentary dynamics perturbations, but without clear and generalizable conclusions on long-term morphodynamic effects. In this paper, evolutions of beaches are studied from 1966 to 2021, comparing the urbanized sea front of Lacanau seaside resort (Aquitaine France) and adjacent natural areas. A large-scale spatiotemporal multisource dataset is used to derivate several indicators and evaluate the characteristics and magnitude of passive and active erosion related to a large riprap seawall at a highly energetic meso–macro tidal coast. The most dramatic manifestation of the presence of the seawall (passive erosion) is the beach lowering and the reduction of beach variability at the seasonal and interannual timescale in front of the seawall. However, recent evolutions are roughly similar at the seawall-backed beach than at the natural sector, indicating no specific active seawall influence on beach erosion or recovery. The perturbations directly attributable to the seawall (active erosion) are limited to temporary end-effect, slight perturbation of outer bar pattern and the setup of a slight platform around the depth of closure. The adverse effects are currently manageable, but they require a new strategy in view of the chronic shoreline retreat at adjacent sectors and the expected effects of climate change.

This study presents the development of a reliable method for quantifying C-phycocyanin. It was found that the spectrophotometric method commonly used for C-phycocyanin quantification tends to overestimate the actual amount of C-phycocyanin in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) samples. The aim of this study was therefore to adapt the spectrophotometric C-phycocyanin quantification method specifically for A. flos-aquae, accounting for the variation in C-phycocyanin between different cyanobacteria species. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as reference method and to avoid interference between molecules. The existing spectrophotometric equations for quantifying AFA C-phycocyanin were adapted using a C-phycocyanin standard. The method was then used to obtain a new set of spectrophotometric quantification equations adapted to the strain of interest and ensuring the accuracy of C-phycocyanin quantification while continuing to use a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method of pigment quantification. The method developed here could also be adapted to improve quantification methods for other types of phycocyanin, cyanobacteria, and other compounds of interest that are currently quantified by spectrophotometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast majority of coastal dunes in Europe have been stabilized by increasing vegetation cover since the mid‐20th century. However, some systems may experience a remobilization phase, generally occurring locally and further propagating alongshore, the drivers of which remain poorly documented. This study investigates the evolutionary paths (stabilization/destabilization/remobilization) from 1945 to 2020 of a 2 km‐long modern coastal transgressive dunefield located in southwest France with a holistic approach (GPR profiles, aerial photographs and LiDAR topographic data). Results show a landward migration of the transgressive dune by approximately 233 ± 7.5 m, through two distinct stages of rapid landward migration from 10 to 23 m/yr (Stage I: 1949–1959 and Stage III: 2000–2021) separated by an approximately 40‐year stage of slow to no migration, but with substantial windward slope deflation (Stage II). The onset of Stage II is due to the fixation of vegetation by human action between 1950 and 1959. The onset of Stage III is hypothesized to be driven by long and sustained upper backshore/dune toe erosion beginning in 1968 due to a massive shoal welding that locally disturbed the longshore drift. It induced a destabilization of the dune and erosion of the vegetation cover over some decades. A non‐synchronization is therefore observed between the start of the perturbation (1968), then the migration (2000), in line with the hysteresis concept of Tsoar (2005). This study shows that almost all of the sedimentary volume of the 1945 dune has been remobilized by translation to shape the dune system in its current form. The 2.2 km dunefield has grown by approximately 673 000 ± 190 000 m3 during the 2005–2020 period. Among this volume, there is a new foredune that was built from 2005 between the upper beach and the transgressive dune (volume in 2020 of about 394 000 ± 68 000 m3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawalls are commonly used worldwide to protect urbanized sea fronts. These alongshore protection structures are often blamed for hydro-sedimentary dynamics perturbations, but without clear and generalizable conclusions on long-term morphodynamic effects. In this paper, evolutions of beaches are studied from 1966 to 2021, comparing the urbanized sea front of Lacanau seaside resort (Aquitaine France) and adjacent natural areas. A large-scale spatiotemporal multisource dataset is used to derivate several indicators and evaluate the characteristics and magnitude of passive and active erosion related to a large riprap seawall at a highly energetic meso–macro tidal coast. The most dramatic manifestation of the presence of the seawall (passive erosion) is the beach lowering and the reduction of beach variability at the seasonal and interannual timescale in front of the seawall. However, recent evolutions are roughly similar at the seawall-backed beach than at the natural sector, indicating no specific active seawall influence on beach erosion or recovery. The perturbations directly attributable to the seawall (active erosion) are limited to temporary end-effect, slight perturbation of outer bar pattern and the setup of a slight platform around the depth of closure. The adverse effects are currently manageable, but they require a new strategy in view of the chronic shoreline retreat at adjacent sectors and the expected effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very few researchers have dealt with diegetic music in Billy Wilder's cinema. The aim of this article, which concentrates on the director's comedy films including those considered as minor, is to show that source music is omnipresent in Wilder's work, and that without it, his movies would not have the same flavor, impact and universality. Source music is indeed inseparable from Wilder's language in terms of rhythm, wit, but also from a metaphorical or lyrical point of view. This paper is also a way of making my research known in English-speaking countries since I recently published a monograph in French on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Billy, J.; Robin, N.; Hein, C.; FitzGerald, D., and Certain, R., 2018. Dominance of inherited geologic framework on the development of coastal barrier system. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 406–410. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Many coastal systems are influenced by geologic framework (e.g., bedrock or inherited sedimentary systems), either in their initial development, morphology, or continuously throughout their evolution. This study adds to our understanding of the role of bedrock inheritance by describing the evolution of the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier (NW Atlantic; France). This barrier has a complex coastal planform (Y-shape, 12-km-long, 100–2500-m-wide) with several embedded sedimentary landforms. Ground-penetrating radar and HR seismic data collected along the subaerial and subaqueous portions of the barrier reveal: (i) the bedrock architecture (largely buried by Holocene deposits) and (ii) the presence of specific inherited sedimentary units. Indeed, both the location and early development of the barrier are largely controlled by bedrock morphology; the barrier is perched on a buried bedrock high in its center, and pinned to subaerial bedrock exposures at its northern and southern ends. Moreover, unconsolidated sedimentary shoals, formed and modified by waves and tides during earlier stages of rapid sea-level rise, provided important morphological constrains that influenced barrier development and the resulting complex morphology of the barrier and associated beach-ridge plain. This study demonstrates the utility of using coupled terrestrial and marine geophysical data to map geologic framework units, thereby determining the role of inherited geology in the evolution of coastal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Billy, J., Robin, N., Certain, R., Hein, C. and Berné, S., 2013. Barrier shoreline evolution constrained by shoreface sediment reservoir and substrate control: the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier, NW Atlantic. The Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Archipelago (France) is located in the NW Atlantic Ocean, proximal to the Cabot Straight outlet of the Gulf of Saint-Lawrence, and 50 km south of Newfoundland (Canada). The Miquelon-Langlade Barrier is a 12-km-long, 100-2500-m-wide, north-south-oriented isthmus connecting two bedrock islands (Miquelon to the north; Langlade to the south). This study aims to improve our understanding of shoreface-shoreline sediment exchange processes by comparing medium-term (1949-2011) shoreline changes, determined from aerial photographs and differential GPS data, with total shoreface sediment reservoir volumes estimated using seismic along the west coast of the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier. Spatial variability between the northern and southern sectors of the study site are seen both in the volumes of shoreface sedimentary reservoirs and in multi-decadal shifts of the shoreline position. The northern region has the lowest shoreface sediment volume and the highest rate of shoreline retrogradation. By contrast, the center and southern regions contain the largest volume of sediment in the shoreface and have demonstrated either long-term stability or progradation. This study demonstrates the primary roles of geological control and the distribution of shoreface sediments in local shoreline change at multi-decadal time scales. The sedimentary reservoir, in conjunction with shoreline-monitoring studies and knowledge of transport patterns, may provide a good alternative proxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1956 Leonard Bernstein opined to his Omnibus audience that "the American musical theater has come a long way, borrowing this from opera, that from revue, the other from operetta, something else from vaudeville-and mixing all the elements into something quite new." Although he suggested that "each [new musical] is a surprise; nobody ever knows what new twists and treatments and styles will appear next," at this midpoint in the Golden Age of the American musical theater (roughly the quarter century between Oklahoma! [1943] and Hair [1968]), the art form had evolved its own elaborate set of generic expectations, structural and syntactical norms, and stylistic conventions. As the various subgenres (musical play, musical comedy, Broadway opera) gradually coalesced under the all-encompassing umbrella term of "musical," the classic musicals of the Golden Age collectively defined an elaborate "code of conduct" that allowed its creative collaborators to explore new ways of integrating music, drama, dance, and spectacle within the overtly commercial arena of the Broadway theater, wherein audience response functioned as the final critical arbiter. During its Golden Age, the American musical theater came of age, and in so doing became the representative international musicodramatic genre of the twentieth century. This article is part of a special, serialized feature: A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of Allen Forte (Part V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robin, N.; Billy, J.; Castelle, B.; Hesp, P.; Laporte-Fauret, Q.; Nicolae-Lerma, A.; Marieu, V.; Rosebery, D.; Bujan, S.; Destribats, B., and Michalet., 2020. Beach-dune recovery from the extreme 2013-2014 storms erosion at Truc Vert Beach, Southwest France: New insights from ground-penetrating radar. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 588–592. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Foredunes are efficient natural coastal defenses acting as protective barriers during storm events. A striking example is the response of coastal dunes along the Aquitaine Coast (SW France) to the 2013-2014 winter, which was the most energetic winter since at least the mid-20th century in most of the NE Atlantic. The aim of this study is to analyze the (partial) foredune recovery from the 2013-2014 winter at Truc Vert beach using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and through the coastal dune internal structure. Geophysical data was compared with semi-monthly DGPS topographic data of the beach, UAV-photogrammetry and Airborne LiDAR surveys of the coastal dune. Three main recovery phases were identified from the 2013-2014 winter: (i) aggradation of the upper-beach and dune front-crest during the post-storm summer; (ii) distinct phases of incipient dune-foot development with dune-crest stability during the following year, and (iii) since 2016, aggradation of both dune-foot and dune front-crest tending towards an equilibrium profile. This study shows that GPR surveys, combined with chronological topographic data, is an efficient tool to provide comprehensive understanding of the beach-dune system evolution at a decadal scale. This approach opens new perspectives to document foredune recovery timing and magnitude along sandy coasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Billy, J.; Baudouin, V.; Portal, A.; Deparis, J.; Bitri, A., and Garcin, M., 2020. An innovative approach for a comprehensive characterization of coastal dune systems through internal architecture and the associated intrinsic geophysical properties. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 387–391. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Comprehensive geophysical sub-surface investigations of coastal systems provide a better understanding of the organization of sediment deposits and the behavior of coastal areas. An innovative high yield multi-geophysical approach has been developed to investigate internal properties of coastal dunes and their associated environments, combining continuous, multiscale and non-destructive methods: (i) terrestrial seismic surveys MASW, (ii) electrical resistivity tomography and (iii) ground-penetrating radar. This approach was deployed to characterize a complex sandy dune system at the Pays-De-Monts (Atlantic Coast, France), a 27-km-long and 0.6-2-km wide coastal system composed of three generations of dunes (4 to 25 m high) separated by former marshes or large slack areas. This paper focuses on the most seaward dunes (over a width of 600 m with 5-6 m high dunes) at La Parée Grollier, in the northern part of the Pays-De-Monts. It shows a cross-interpretation analysis of the multiple geophysical results, along a same profile, and highlights the power of such approach to characterize coastal dune system by an innovative way. Data allowed the differentiation of (i) three seismic layers (SU1-3), (ii) eight electrical resistivity bodies (EU1-8), and (iii) six GPR units (RU1-6), characterizing subsurface deposits at large scale, medium scale and with details, respectively. Data interpretation of the combine methods highlights: (1) the entire sediment cover up to the substratum; (2) the detail internal architecture and connection between the different components of the dune system; and (3) consistent correlation between the georadar and geo-electrical results through the sandy dune. Such knowledge of intrinsic parameters of coastal systems is essential to advance geo-mechanical interpretations, to 3D-modelize coastal zone and to predict realistic scenarios of longshore and cross-shore coastal systems evolution, and to enhance coastal zone management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea-level rise (SLR) is a major concern for coastal hazards such as flooding and erosion in the decades to come. Lately, the value of high-end sea-level scenarios (HESs) to inform stakeholders with low-uncertainty tolerance has been increasingly recognized. Here, we provide high-end projections of SLR-induced sandy shoreline retreats for Europe by the end of the 21st century based on the conservative Bruun rule. Our HESs rely on the upper bound of the RCP8.5 scenario "likely-range" and on high-end estimates of the different components of sea-level projections provided in recent literature. For both HESs, SLR is projected to be higher than 1 m by 2100 for most European coasts. For the strongest HES, the maximum coastal sea-level change of 1.9 m is projected in the North Sea and Mediterranean areas. This translates into a median pan-European coastline retreat of 140 m for the moderate HES and into more than 200 m for the strongest HES. The magnitude and regional distribution of SLR-induced shoreline change projections, however, utterly depend on the local nearshore slope characteristics and the regional distribution of sea-level changes. For some countries, especially in Northern Europe, the impacts of high-end sea-level scenarios are disproportionally high compared to those of likely scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]