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Los productos y subproductos agrícolas han mostrado gran relevancia en las últimas décadas, debido a que lejos de ser considerados desechos y en algunos casos contaminantes, pueden ser utilizados como materia prima o insumos para la generación de productos con valor agregado, o bien, utilizados como alternativas en el tratamiento de enfermedades y en la nutrición animal; estas acciones, por consiguiente, reducen el impacto ambiental de dichos compuestos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el estado del arte del aprovechamiento biotecnológico de los productos y subproductos agrícolas, para generar una perspectiva que contribuya al desarrollo sostenible del país. Con los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir que existe un potencial viable para utilizar los productos y subproductos agrícolas en las diversas actividades de la medicina veterinaria y la zootecnia.

Purpose Highly deprived urban contexts, such as informal settlements in the global south, can turn into niches of extreme innovation and sparkle ingenuity out of necessity. But what are the rationales behind the participation of disadvantaged communities in social innovations? Why do they engage in grassroots innovations? What is it that makes these grassroots try novelties and continue experimenting with them, even when the perceived benefits are not clear yet? This paper aims to examine and conceptualize the rationales for engaging in grassroots financial innovations in the context of extremely deprived urban settings. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the case of grassroots organizations which have started experimenting with the development of a community currency in Kisumu, Kenya. This paper is informed by in-depth interviews with members of three grassroots organizations involved in the community currency, together with observations and meeting participation since 2019. Findings The rationales argued by the participants for engaging in this grassroots innovation are framed in various ways: as a means for seeking poverty alleviation (the development framing); as a challenge to conventional imaginaries of innovations (the digital framing); and as an innovation embedded in community and trust relations (the community framing). These framings have a mobilizing effect that initially draws participants into the innovation. Yet, what explains persistent participation despite the decreasing influence of these framings over time is the organizational space and strategies of incompleteness accommodating these experiments. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging body of grassroots innovations movements literature. While research has progressed in its understandings of the challenges of scaling up innovative practices, the examination of the grassroots initiatives stemming from extremely deprived settings, and the rationales and framings behind, have been under examined. This paper comes to bridge this gap.

El género Tithonia, ha sido ampliamente estudiado para determinar sus efectos bioactivos de interés farmacéutico y nutricional, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto antioxidante y antibacterial de 5 extractos de Tithonia tubaeformis, obtenidos con solventes de polaridad ascendente, hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo, metanol y etanol. Se identificó la presencia de taninos, alcaloides y fenoles totales. Se midió el efecto antioxidante a los radicales ABTS, DPPH y poder reductor al ion férrico, se determinó la CMI de cada extracto sobre Escherichia. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis y Listeria monocytogenes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los cinco extractos tienen efecto antioxidante sobre los radicales ABTS, DPPH, y potencial reductor al ion férrico; sin embargo, los extractos que presentaron un efecto estadísticamente significativo (P

Background: Caries is a disease with a high prevalence, which may be due to the lack of adequate methods for its early diagnosis, becomes difficult to detect initial caries lesions in posterior teeth due to the occlusal anatomy of these and because on many occasions they start in the interproximal zone below the contact areas. Different techniques have been used for the diagnosis of caries, such as visual-tactile inspection, radiography, tomography, and transillumination, but none of them seems to have complete sensitivity or specificity. Aim: This study aims to establish the degree of agreement between radiographic diagnosis with 2D intraoral digital radiography in relation to cone beam computed tomography in extracted carious and healthy posterior teeth, practicing the CariesCare International ™ practical guide as a reference. Materials and Methods: A total number of 117 teeth with or without carious lesions were selected. Digital images of all teeth were obtained from 2D digital radiographs (instrumentarium ™ films) obtained with Kavo focus equipment and CBCT scanner I-CAT ™ model 1719, ISI (imaging science international), Pennsylvania (blue sky plan 4 software). Observers evaluated the images for the detection of carious lesions. The sensitivity and specificity ratio between the systems was determined using the area under the curve statistical tool ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). For the statistical analysis, the statistical program STATA IC/16 was used, in which the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for each category of CariesCare international in CBCT and radiography was performed, in addition to the Friedman and post-hoc Wilcoxon test by pairs; the distribution according to the classification of CariesCare international was contrasted between the CBCT slices. The calculation of weighted Kappa and dichotomous Kappa and the calculation of validity (sensitivity and specificity) and prediction (predictive values and predictive ratios) were performed. The distribution according to CariesCare international classification was contrasted between the CBCT slices. Results: The results of the present study confirm that diagnosis of caries with the 2D digital radiographic method, initial caries lesions tend to go undetected relative to CBCT. Conclusion: 2D digital radiographs showed low sensitivity for caries detection and high specificity relative to CBCT for caries lesions in vitro. Diagnosis with 2D digital Rx is considered non-discriminative in identifying initial caries lesions.

The online version of the original article can be found athttps://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2100201 Erratum to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2021 22(12):1045-1052 https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2100201

Hoy en día la industria alimentaria busca nuevas tecnologías que permitan aumentar la vida útil de productos frescos. Los recubrimientos alimenticios son una tecnología económica y amigable con el medio ambiente, dichas capas de recubrimiento pueden desarrollarse de lípidos, polisacáridos y proteínas funcionando como barreras contra el vapor de agua, los gases, y otros solutos. El uso de nanoemulsiones como recubrimiento proporciona un excelente sistema de liberación de ingredientes funcionales, como los agentes antimicrobianos y antioxidantes, mejorando así la calidad y extendiendo la vida útil de frutas y hortalizas frescas o mínimamente procesadas.

El objetivo del trabajo es proponer el insecto Tenebrio molitor como alternativa nutricional e informar sobre los métodos de producción de este, ya que no solo tienen las características nutricionales necesarias para una buena dieta por su alto contenido nutricional, sino que también tienen una variedad de cualidades benéficas para la salud de los consumidores. Es bien sabido que México es un país con problemas nutricionales, debido principalmente a la falta de conocimientos sobre opciones nutricionales y a las deficiencias que las personas tienen en su dieta; por lo que una alternativa a esta problemática es ampliar el conocimiento y opciones alimenticias. El Tenebrio molitor es conocido como una opción nutricional por la gran cantidad de proteínas que contiene, lo que proporcionan una opción nutricional, además de los beneficios para la salud que pueden tener gracias a la presencia de péptidos bioactivos. No se sabe mucho sobre el manejo que estos insectos deben tener para evitar plagas o infecciones durante su producción, además de los cuidados específicos necesarios para una producción rápida y sostenible.

Los microorganismos causantes de enfermedades en el humano y animales están en constante evolución, por lo que es de vital importancia encontrar alternativas para su tratamiento y prevención. La resistencia antimicrobiana, definida por la OMS como la capacidad que tienen los microorganismos de impedir que los antimicrobianos actúen contra ellos, es un problema creciente en nuestra sociedad. En el año 2016, la Organización Mundial de la Salud publicó un informe en el que se estimó que para ese año se atribuían 700 000 muertes a la resistencia a antimicrobianos en el mundo, y que la cifra puede ascender hasta 10 millones de muertes en los próximos 35 años si no se toman medidas adecuadas. Para el siguiente año, la OMS publicó un reporte donde se mencionan 51 nuevos antimicrobianos que pueden ser una alternativa al tratamiento de algunas enfermedades, sin embargo, solo 8 de estas moléculas se consideran con potencial terapéutico. El uso de insectos en la medicina no es considerada una práctica reciente, ya que hay referencias de ella desde las primeras civilizaciones y ha sido demostrado que tiene aspectos benéficos no solo para la nutrición, sino para ámbitos de salud. Por ejemplo, los péptidos antimicrobianos se han descrito en muchas especies de organismos: hongos, plantas, humanos e insectos, siendo estos últimos en los que más se han descrito péptidos antimicrobianos eficaces.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most frequent primary liver malignancy, is ranked as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its incidence expected to continue rising. One of the reasons is that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are ineffective. The development of HCC is attributed to a chronic exposition to either one or a combination of low amounts of different hepatotoxins, such as in hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin from contaminated foods, metabolic factors, and exposure to chemical carcinogens from tobacco smoke (Forner et al., 2018). Integrative studies combining exome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and the genomic characterization of HCC have shown that these etiological factors may raise the frequency of particular genetic alterations, resulting in intra-tumor heterogeneity that presents a huge challenge for treatment. For example, mutations in the catenin β-1 (CTNNB1) gene (a proto-oncogene in the WNT signaling pathway that encodes the β‍-catenin transcription factor) are strongly associated with alcohol-related HCC, whereas mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes are the most commonly observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‍-associated HCC (Calderaro et al., 2017; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2017). The above findings emphasize the molecular diversity of HCC and the associations of different etiologies with distinct mechanisms in HCC progression. Consequently, prevention strategies are still attractive for HCC management.

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a nanoemulsion containing the bioactive compounds of orange essential oil and xoconostle (Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först) on maintaining and improving the quality of the shelf life of tomato fruits. The nanoemulsion was applied as a coating on the whole fruits during physiological maturity; the treatments were thus: Control 1 without coating (C1); Control 2 with food-grade mineral oil coating (C2); and nanoemulsions that were diluted with mineral oil at 2.5% (DN2.5), 5% (DN5), 10% (DN10), and 20% (DN20). Further, the following parameters were determined for 21 days: the percentage weight loss, firmness, colour, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activities DPPH and ABTS, and the histological evaluation of the pericarp of the fruits. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed during the treatments; DN10 and DN20 obtained the best weight loss results (3.27 ± 0.31% and 3.71 ± 0.30%, respectively) compared with C1 and C2. The DN5 and DN20 textures exhibited the highest firmness (11.56 ± 0.33 and 11.89 ± 1.04 N, respectively). The antioxidant activity (DPPH on Day 21) was higher in the DN20 treatment (48.19 ± 0.95%) compared with in C1 (39.52 ± 0.30%) and C2 (38.14 ± 0.76%). Histological evaluation revealed that the nanoemulsion coating allowed a slower maturation of the cells in the pericarp of the fruits. The nanoemulsion, as a coat, improved the quality and valuable life of the tomato regarding its physicochemical and antioxidant properties, thus availing an effective alternative for conserving this fruit.

La carne de conejo es susceptible a la oxidación y crecimiento de microorganismos, ya que posee ácidos grasos insaturados y un contenido nutricional que la hace idónea a esos procesos. La búsqueda de opciones naturales para disminuir las cargas microbianas y la oxidación es constante, por ello aquí se presenta como una alternativa la utilización de Dalbergia palo-escrito como una alternativa que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la carne de conejo.

Objective: To isolate and identify the exact species of the genus Mycobacterium from Didelphis (D.) virginiana, and the direct implications of this bacterium to public health and veterinary medicine. Methods: Thirty-one D. virginiana were captured and necropsied in Hidalgo, Mexico. Tissue samples were collected to culture mycobacteria present and examine individual specimens’ histopathology. Mycobacterium identification was obtained through the application of amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA techniques. Results: Three strains were isolated and identified as Mycobacterium (M.) avium subsp. hominissuis by utilizing M. avium complex- specific primers. Granulomatous lesions were observed in the subpleural zone (granuloma grade Π ) and bronchial (granuloma grade I ) of the lungs of D. virginiana with positive isolation. Conclusions: Three strains of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, from lung tissue samples of D. virginiana were identified. This subspecies of M. avium has important implications in public health and veterinary medicine.

The present report describes a schwannoma type III found in a 12-year-old male SharPei dog, this neoplasm was excised and analyzed using histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations. This schwannoma was classified as high malignancy and presented metastasis to the axillary node. A secondary bacterial septicemia was identified with routine and molecular techniques. The Inmunohistochemical diagnosis of the mass, corroborated the presumptive diagnosis, which suggested a Schwannoma as well as its malignancy degree. In addition, Leucobacter chromiiresistens was isolated, a specie of which to date there are no reports as a pathogen in animals or humans.

As the fabrication of prototypes continues to become ever more accessible to wider audiences, and advances in additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing progresses, it is imperative to understand the properties of materials adopted. One specific material: Polylactic acid (PLA), is taking the spotlight for its cost efficiency, availability and biodegradable nature. The lack of characterization and variability in mechanical properties of 3D printed thermoplastics proves a hindrance in the application of this material. To address this issue, the current research aims to characterize PLA utilizing standard ISO 179-1:2010 while varying printing parameters such as infill density, and printing speed. This investigation focuses on how the afore mentioned properties affect the resulting impact energy of the polymer. Standard manufactured filament acquired from K-camel was extruded through a fused deposition 3D printer (Prusa Geetech I3) and tested on a CEAST 9050 impact testing machine. The result also showed a decrease in impact energy as infill density decreases at most of the print speeds tested as expected. The impact energy however did not show a clear pattern as print speed increases. Future work includes exploring the effect of the material cooling rate to identify if it explains the current patterns in mechanical performance presented here and in the published literature at large.

OBJECTIVES: The REAC-TAVI (Assessment of platelet REACtivity after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial enrolled patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pre-treated with aspirin + clopidogrel, aimed to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in suppressing high platelet reactivity (HPR) after TAVI. BACKGROUND: Current recommendations support short-term use of aspirin + clopidogrel for patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR despite the lack of compelling evidence. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter investigation. Platelet reactivity was measured at 6 different time points with the VerifyNow assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, California). HPR was defined as (P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) ≥208. Patients with HPR before TAVR were randomized to either aspirin + ticagrelor or aspirin + clopidogrel for 3 months. Patients without HPR continued with aspirin + clopidogrel (registry cohort). The primary endpoint was non-HPR status (PRU