Search

In 2023, Jenny Hoffman ran across the United States in 47 days, smashing the women's world record. But she still found time to lead a research team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing scholarship posits that gender is socially constructed, with meanings attributed to bodies that signify conventions of masculinity and femininity. Such embodied constructs are integral to self and identity, though these meanings can be negotiated and fluid. Recent criminological work has found that changes in identity are essential to desisting from crime and that desistance processes are gendered. Yet little extant literature has examined how gendered, embodied identities play a role in the lived experiences of women who offend as well as their efforts to desist from crime. This exploratory study aims to address this dearth. In‐depth interviews with women ex‐offenders in a re‐entry program reveal two central constructions of gendered, embodied identity that framed the women's descriptions of their lived experiences before and during their incarceration: sexualization and pathologization. These meanings played a role in participants' efforts to desist from crime, contributing new dimensions of understanding about this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that operates at magnetic fields up to 22 T and temperatures down to 80 mK. We discuss the design of the STM head, with an improved coarse approach, the vibration isolation system, and efforts to improve the energy resolution using compact filters for multiple lines. We measure the superconducting gap and Josephson effect in aluminum and show that we can resolve features in the density of states as small as 8 μeV. We measure the quantization of conductance in atomic size contacts and make atomic resolution and density of states images in the layered material 2H–NbSe2. The latter experiments are performed by continuously operating the STM at magnetic fields of 20 T in periods of several days without interruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we elaborate connections among gender, structure, and practice to suggest how social structural relations shape social sexual practice and, in the process, reshape gender relations. Using survey data from a study of a community mobilization intervention, we investigate the connection between institutional arrangements and condom use practice in sexual encounters with commercial clients and intimate partners among 410 women engaged in sex trade in a semiurban town in southern India. Multinomial logistic regression analysis uncovers the effects of 16 measures of gendered structural relations in three contexts—livelihood resources, household circumstances, and community mobilization intervention priorities. We compare women who practice either consistent or inconsistent condom use with both clients and partners with a reference group of women who practice consistent condom use with clients but not with partners. Results reveal the importance of household and community relations for consistent safer sex practice over and above the organization of sex trade. Our analysis advances gender theory in two interrelated ways: We contribute to gender theorizing in the implementation of health interventions, and to gender change more generally by thinking through possibilities emerging from recursive influences between reordered institutional configurations and altered expectations in interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) states were predicted in 1964 as low-energy excitations within vortex cores of type-II superconductors. In the quantum limit, the energy levels of these states were predicted to be discrete with the basic levels at ±μΔ2/EF (μ = 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, ...) with Δ the superconducting energy gap and EF the Fermi energy. However, due to the small ratio of Δ/EF in most type-II superconductors, it is very difficult to observe the discrete CdGM states, but rather a symmetric peak which appears at zero bias at the vortex center. Here we report the clear observation of these discrete energy levels of CdGM states in FeTe0.55Se0.45. The rather stable energies of these bound state peaks vs. space clearly validate our conclusion. Analysis based on the energies of these CdGM states indicates that the Fermi energy in the present system is very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the leading edges of multidimensional cultural evolution in an urbanizing capitalism that is becoming ever more cosmopolitan and competitive, universities promise contradictory blends of diversity, inclusion, and fair, open access to the inherent exclusivity of the means of production of inequality: human capital. In this paper, we extend David Harvey’s theorization of the urbanization of consciousness and accumulation by dispossession in order to diagnose the dangerous contradictions of transnationalizing educational meritocracies in contemporary cognitive capitalism. Competition is intensified through informational automation and infinitely expanding fields of quantified, bell-curve sifting and sorting of human aspirations and cognitive labor: so-called ‘world-class’ universities are sites of astonishing brilliance and pervasive anxiety, depression, and suicide. Cycles of valorization and devalorization of embodied human capital are accelerating with the systemic overproduction of competitive human achievement, creativity, and excellence. New scales of competition are reconfiguring inter- and intra-generational inequalities, sustaining a mirage of attainable, multidimensional perfection on the receding horizons of planetary human possibility. Today’s constellations of capital, code, and competition are producing an evolving planetary ethos best described as accumulation by cognitive dispossession; while some of its technologies are genuinely new, the essential logic is just a transnational, multicultural, and pseudo-postcolonial update of the utopian perfection portrayed in Francis Galton’s stillborn 1911 eugenics novel Kantsaywhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of rotary coolers based on the temperature change (ΔTrot) of an anisotropic superconductor when rotated in a constant magnetic field is proposed.We show that at low temperature the Sommerfeld coefficient γ(B,T) of a single crystalline superconductor, such as MgB2 and NbS2, sensitively depends on the applied magnetic field (B) and the orientation of the crystal axis (T), which is related to the electronic entropy (SE) and temperature (T) via the expression: SE = γT. A simple rotation of the crystal from one axis to one another in a constant magnetic field results in a change in γ and hence SE: ΔSE = ΔγT. A temperature change -ΔTrot ~ 0.94 K from a bath temperature of 2.5 K is achieved by simply rotating the single crystal MgB2 by 90o with respect to the c-axis direction in a fixed field of 2 T. ΔTrot can be tuned by adjusting the strength of B within a wide magnetic field range. Our study paves the way for development of new materials and cryogenic refrigerators that are potentially more energy-efficient, simplified, and compact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copepod genus Eurytemora occupies a wide range of habitat types throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with among the broadest salinity ranges of any known copepod. The epicenter of diversity for this genus lies along coastal Alaska, where several species are endemic. Systematic analysis has been difficult, however, because of a tendency toward morphological stasis in this genus, despite large genetic divergences among populations and species. The goals of this study were to (1) analyze patterns of morphological variation and divergence within this genus, focusing on Eurytemora species that occur in North America, and (2) determine patterns of geographic and salinity distribution of Eurytemora species within the ancestral range in Alaska. We applied a comparative multivariate morphological analysis using 16–26 characters from 125 specimens from 20 newly collected sites in Alaska and 15 existing samples predominantly from North America. Results from principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses identified seven distinct morphological species of Eurytemora in North America ( E. affinis, E. americana, E. canadensis, E. composita, E. herdmani, E. pacifica, and E. raboti), and identified diagnostic characters that distinguish the species (forming the basis for a new identification key). Several previously named species were regarded as synonyms. The sites we sampled in Alaska were remarkable in the high levels of sympatry of Eurytemora species, to a degree not seen outside of Alaska. Future studies of Eurytemora should shed light on patterns of habitat invasions and physiological evolution within the genus, and yield insights into mechanisms leading to its remarkably broad geographic and habitat range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the posed money laundering risk by the less risky financial products in South Africa. It states that empirical design was used on the law enforcement and bank officials' views about the criminal abuse of the financial products. It relates that the anti-money laundering/combating of financing of terrorists (AML/CFT) law permits money remitters and deposit-taking institutions to implement customer due diligence measures pertaining to low-risk products.

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn was sampled for colonization by Stagonospora pteridiicola in Great Britain, Hungary and Australia. British samples gave the highest incidence of 68% during September and l2% at the beginning of the growing season. Hungarian samples showed a similar frequency. The fungus was not found in Australian bracken. Five field-collected fern spreies other than bracken did not contain the fungus in May when bracken already had a colonization frequency of 12% in the pinnules. Sampling after the bracken had died in November demonstrated that the fungus had continued growth as a saprobe. Glasshouse-grown bracken sprayed with a spore suspension showed 96% colonization alter 21 d, whereas four fern species and five flowering plants, similarly treated, gave colonization frequencies of 0-3%. Other glasshouse-grown bracken, similarly sprayed, showed that colonization declined over 5 months from 75% to 40% and that the fungus showed little spread into fresh unsprayed growth on these plants. The possible species specificity of the fungus is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines factors that are driving the tourism industry in New Zealand. Prime Minister John Key has announced a 158 million dollars growth package to help boost the tourism industry. Tourism New Zealand (TNZ) is working with the Tourism Industry Association (TIA) and tourism businesses to create new opportunities for the industry. Changing demographics and increased accessibility of accommodation through online booking are also changing the face of the tourism/hospitality industry.