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This analysis is part of a wider qualitative research on the possible links between school dropout and social dropout among youth with behavioral disorders. From the initial sample selected from two school for troubled youth from the Montreal School Board, two subgroups were formed from those accumulating severe behavioral problems and those whose problems are less important. In light of their school and family trajectory, the analysis looks at the vocational aspirations defined by these young people. The results suggest that young people whose problems are less severe are able to formulate vocational aspirations that are realistic, stable, reflecting their underlying interests, and to schedule and update plans accordingly. In contrast, for young people with more severe problems, a social dropout process seems already started, sometimes since childhood, which complicates the identification of realistic, stable et non marginal vocational aspirations.

Most studies interested in understanding the role of parents in children's school adjustment have focused on mothers. Given the importance of father-child play during the preschool period, this study explores the possible links of father-child rough-and-tumble play and also father's involvement in child schooling with two dimensions of school adjustment: social adaptation and academic achievement. Observational data was collected from father-child rough-and-tumble play sessions filmed in family homes when children were average age of 4 years. Fathers completed the Family Involvement Questionnaire on parent involvement in child schooling, and teachers completed the Social Behaviour Questionnaire and the Teacher Report form to assess social adaptation, and the Teacher Rating Scale to assess academic achievement when children (40 boys; 32 girls) were average age of 8 years. Boys demonstrated more externalising behaviours at school when during rough-and-tumble play fathers let them direct the play. Boys were more prosocial at school when their fathers were more involved in school-based activities, while girls demonstrated more internalising behaviours at school when their fathers were less involved in home-based learning activities. Moreover, boys performed less well academically when fathers demonstrated more negative reactions than boys, the dyad demonstrated more upset terminations, and boys demonstrated more fear and less anger during rough-and-tumble play. Girls performed less well academically when during rough-and-tumble play fathers made more rules and fewer positive reactions towards them. Neither boys' nor girls' academic achievement was related to any type of fathers' school involvement. The study fills a gap in understanding the ways in which father involvement influences children's school adjustment according to the children's sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Author-supplied Abstracts.)

El presente artículo pretende describir y explicar la diversidad de situaciones cubiertas por la categoría jurídica de trabajador independiente (trabajador autónomo sin empleado). Utilizando las metodologías del análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples y de la clasificación ascendente jerárquica, este artículo analiza la heterogeneidad dentro de una muestra de 293 trabajadores independientes, en torno de cinco dimensiones : las características de productor, la naturaleza de su clientela, el tipo de producto, la organización del trabajo (incluyendo la remuneración) y la protección contra los riesgos sociales y profesionales. Esto nos permite de despejar seis perfiles de trabajadores independientes : los independientes no profesionales, los pequeños productores independientes, los profesionales liberales, los consejeros y consultantes, los otros independientes y aquellos que acumulan trabajo independiente y salario atípico y, finalmente, los profesionales que benefician de acuerdos colectivos de trabajo. Se ilustra, por otro lado, que una parte de esta heterogeneidad es atribuíble al enturbiamiento de fronteras entre los modelos « puros » de asalariado y de independiente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: The Quebec Incidence Study on situations investigated by child protective services (QIS) has been conducted in 5-year cycles since 1998 in collaboration with all 16 Quebec child protection agencies. It provides reliable estimates of the incidence and characteristics of investigated children. The aim of this paper is to discuss major findings from the QIS-2008 and to compare them with the findings from QIS-1998. METHODS: Two representative samples of children who were investigated by child protection services during the same three-month time frame in 1998 (N = 4,771) and in 2008 (N = 3,079) were constituted. Caseworkers were asked to complete the QIS data collection form for each sampled child. Annual estimates of the number of children investigated with different characteristics were computed and compared across both cycles. Statistical tests were performed to identify significant differences. RESULTS: While the rate of children investigated increased between 1998 and 2008, the rate of substantiated cases remained stable at 12 and 11 per 1,000 children in the population respectively. Furthermore, substantiated cases in 2008 were less severe than in 1998 along several dimensions, such as co-occurrence, emotional harm and duration. CONCLUSION: Combined with the stability in the rate of substantiated cases, the decline in the severity of the situations seems encouraging but questions the necessity of a CPS intervention for some of these families. These findings are consistent with the ones reported in other countries, but Quebec rates are below the rates estimated for Canada, where substantiated maltreatment almost doubled during the same time frame. Aspects of social policies in Quebec may play a role in this situation and need to be examined in future research. KEY WORDS: Child maltreatment; incidence study; epidemiology; child protective services; child welfare La traduction du resume se trouve a la fin de l'article. OBJECTIFS: L'Etude d'incidence quebecoise sur les signalements evalues en protection de la jeunesse (EIQ) est realisee periodiquement depuis 1998 aupres des 16 centres jeunesse du Quebec. Elle vise a fournir des estimations sur l'ampleur et les caracteristiques des enfants evalues en vertu de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse. Le but du present article est de presenter et discuter des faits saillants du cycle 2008 de l'EIQ et de comparer l'evolution depuis 1998. METHODE: Deux echantillons representatifs des enfants evalues par les services de protection sur une meme periode de trois mois en 1998 (N = 4 771) et en 2008 (N = 3 079) ont ete constitues. Les intervenants responsables de l'evaluation des signalements ont rempli un formulaire pour documenter les cas echantillonnes. Des taux annuels d'enfants evalues selon certaines caracteristiques ont ete estimes et compares. Des tests statistiques ont ete conduits pour identifier les differences significatives entre les deux cycles. RESULTATS: Bien que le taux d'enfants evalues ait augmente entre 1998 et 2008, le taux d'enfants evalues avec des faits fondes est demeure stable. De plus, a certains egards, les situations evaluees comme fondees en 2008 semblent moins severes que celles evaluees en 1998: moins de cooccurrence des differentes formes de maltraitance, moins de sequelles psychologiques et de chronicite. CONCLUSIONS: Combinee a la stabilite du taux d'enfants evalues avec faits fondes, la baisse de severite des cas fondes entre 1998 et 2008 semble encourageante, mais questionne aussi la legitimite de l'intervention des services de protection aupres de familles presentant un niveau de risque plus faible. Bien que ces resultats soient conformes a ce qui est rapporte dans d'autres pays, les taux quebecois sont pour la plupart en-deca des taux estimes pour l'ensemble du Canada, oU le taux d'enfants victimes de maltraitance a presque double sur la meme periode. D'autres travaux sont necessaires pour mieux comprendre quels sont les elements des politiques sociales quebecoises qui pourraient etre en cause dans la situation observee au Quebec. MOTS CLES: mauvais traitements envers les enfants; etude d'incidence; epidemiologie; services de protection de la jeunesse; services sociaux Can J Public Health 2015; 106(7)(Suppl. 2):eS7-eS13 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4827, There are generally two main ways in which population-based rates of child maltreatment are estimated: through the study of reported or officially recognized situations of child maltreatment or through surveys [...]