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Objectives: Raue and Sirey proposed a theoretical treatment engagement model for older adults outlining steps from identifying mental health problems, referral to specialty care, and involvement in treatment. Using this model as a guide, the current study aimed to explore patient perspectives of their experience in the process of referral and first meeting with geriatric mental health services. Furthermore, the current study aimed to identify opportunities to enhance patient engagement in these beginning steps of the treatment engagement process. Method: Thirteen geriatric outpatients (7 psychology, 6 psychiatry) presenting with concerns of anxiety, depression, and/or stress were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed using the framework method. Results: Themes emerged as suggested by Raue and Sirey's model, including attitudes toward treatment (e.g. stigma), treatment expectations, and treatment preferences. In addition, new themes emerged related to modifiable individual factors (the patient as a passive recipient of care, mental health literacy, and ageism) as well as social influences on treatment engagement. Participants primarily noted opportunities for psychoeducation as a potential treatment engagement intervention to implement within the current referral system. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine the applicability of Raue and Sirey's theoretical engagement model in a clinical sample. Findings both support and expand the model and offer several recommendations for improving treatment engagement for older patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life story work (LSW) uses a narrative, reminiscence approach to capturing memories from one's life and has shown positive outcomes for participants. However, LSW in aged care has been criticized for being resource intensive, often involving care staff using pre-determined process and output formats. This pilot study explored participants' lived experiences of a novel co-creation approach to LSW conducted predominantly with university students and older adults in residential aged care and retirement communities, producing multi-modal outputs. Within a 12-month period, 33 LSW projects were completed (21 books, 5 posters, and 7 digital stories). Semi-structured interviews (n = 44) explored participants' lived experience of completing a LSW project. Findings indicate that working with students and adopting a flexible, co-creation approach that empowers participants to make decisions, engage in learning and reflection, and build meaningful relationships can maximize opportunities for transformative impacts, and enable providers to offer a LSW program despite finite resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, with increasing prevalence and impact, especially in the elderly and developing countries. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a significant role in CVD progression, and the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) index, combining fasting glucose and triglycerides, offers a simple, cost-effective method for assessing IR. However, its prognostic value in CVD populations remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between TyG-BMI and mortality in CVD patients. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2018) combined with the linked National Death Index were analyzed. The CVD population was split into two groups (Q1 and Q2) based on the median TyG-BMI. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. Results: The study ultimately included 2,576 participants, of which 56% were male. The median age of the participants was 69 years, and the median TyG-BMI was 256.59. After adjusting for potential confounders, a negative relationship was found between TyG-BMI and all-cause mortality in populations with CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and heart attack. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.73 (0.64, 0.85), 0.67 (0.53, 0.84), 0.69 (0.54, 0.88), and 0.73 (0.59, 0.91), respectively. At the same time, a notable inverse relationship was noted between the TyG-BMI and non-CVD mortality in the CVD and CHD population, with HR and 95% CI of 0.70 (0.58, 0.84) and 0.61 (0.45, 0.82), respectively. In this study, there was no observed noteworthy relationship between TyG-BMI and CVD mortality. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis yielded similar results. Conclusion: Among populations with CVD in the United States, a heightened TyG-BMI was notably correlated with a decreased likelihood of mortality. This index can effectively classify the risk levels of CVD patients and may serve as a valuable prognostic marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remote patient monitoring implies continuous follow-up of health-related parameters of patients outside healthcare facilities. Patients share health-related data with their healthcare unit and obtain feedback (which may be automatically generated if data are within a predefined range). The goals of remote patient monitoring are improvements for patients and reduced healthcare costs. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of systematic reviews regarding remote patient monitoring for selected patient groups currently considered for the introduction of remote patient monitoring in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. The selected sixteen patient groups were: patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, children and adolescents with complex needs, children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, children and adolescents with periodic fever, elderly patients with multiple diseases, patients with eye diseases, heart failure, haematological disease, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, neurorehabilitation, Parkinson’s disease, psoriasis, sleep apnea, and specialist maternity care. Outcomes considered in this overview were patient-relevant clinical benefits as well as risks. Methods: A literature search for systematic reviews of clinical trials on remote patient monitoring in the selected patient groups was conducted by two information specialists, followed by assessment of relevance by a team of clinical and methodological experts in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. The methodological rigour of identified systematic reviews was assessed using QUICKSTAR – a tool for stepwise appraisal of systematic reviews. In a QUICKSTAR assessment, a level of at least five is considered a prerequisite for reliable conclusions regarding the question at issue. Results: The literature search resulted in 4,049 hits, of which 84 SRs were considered relevant for the question at issue. A QUICKSTAR level of at least five was reached by 13 (15%) of the relevant systematic reviews. Some patient benefit of remote patient monitoring was reported for five patient groups (asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, heart failure, hypertension, and elderly patients with multiple diseases). For four patient groups (children with complex needs, children with cystic fibrosis, specialist maternity care, and sleep apnea), systematic reviews of adequate quality concluded that scientific evidence on clinical patient benefits of remote monitoring is very limited. For seven patient groups, no systematic reviews of sufficient quality were identified. Conclusion: Clinical benefits and risks of remote patient monitoring as a replacement for, or in addition to, standard of care compared to standard of care (face-to-face visits) are poorly studied for most of the selected patient groups based on systematic reviews of acceptable quality. Patient-relevant clinical benefits are limited or impossible to evaluate for most diagnoses based on currently available scientific information. Possible clinical risks and costs are poorly studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The evidence showed that the risk of falls was higher in women, and yoga was considered an effective rehabilitation method for preventing falls. However, there had been no previous attempts to synthesize the evidence specifically for the use of yoga in preventing falls among older women. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to strengthen the existing body of evidence by focusing exclusively on the impact of yoga in improving fall-related physical functions among older women. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was developed in advance of the study and registered on PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42024506550). Results: The effects of yoga on balance, gait, and lower-limb strength were inconsistent. It showed that yoga programs designed to prevent falls in older women might not demonstrate the same effectiveness as those identified in previous systematic reviews for the general older adult population. Conclusions: This systematic review is the first to exclusively explore the impact of yoga on fall-related physical functions in older women. However, this review did not directly observe a definitive effect of yoga on fall prevention in older women. Future studies should delve deeper into identifying appropriate yoga postures and determining the optimal dose required to enhance physical function and prevent falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity in older adults living in nursing homes and explore the determinants of physical inactivity by using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behaviour model. Design: A multisite, cross‐sectional study was performed by convenience sampling and questionnaire survey. Methods: A total of 390 nursing home residents were recruited from three nursing homes in Southern China from May 2022 to April 2023. The participants completed a self‐designed general information questionnaire, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Self‐Efficacy for Exercise Scale, Exercise Benefits Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and the Short Physical Performance Battery test. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and ordinal logistic regression were applied for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity among the nursing home residents reached 88.46%. Ordinal logistic regression results showed that exercise self‐efficacy, perceived exercise benefits, physical function, availability of physical activity instruction, having depression, number of chronic diseases and living with spouse were the main influencing determinants of physical inactivity and explained 63.7% of the variance. Conclusions: Physical inactivity was considerable in nursing home residents in China and influenced by complex factors. Tailored measures should be designed and implemented based on these factors to enhance physical activity while considering the uniqueness of Chinese culture. Implications for the profession and patient care: Healthcare professionals should enhance physical activity of residents by increasing benefits understanding, boosting self‐efficacy, improving physical function, alleviating depression and integrating personalized physical activity guidance into routine care services. And more attention should be paid to the residents who had more chronic diseases or did not live with spouse. Impact: Physical inactivity is a significant problem in nursing home residents. Understanding physical inactivity and its determinants enables the development of tailored interventions to enhance their physical activity level. Reporting method: This study was reported conforming to the STROBE statement. Patients or Public Contribution: Nursing home residents who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their astonishing biological diversity, surprisingly few shared traits connect all or nearly all living organisms. Aging, i.e., the progressive and irreversible decline in the function of multiple cells and tissues, is one of these fundamental features of all organisms, ranging from single-cell creatures to complex animals, alongside variability, adaptation, growth, healing, reproducibility, mobility, and, finally, death. Age is a key determinant for many pathologies, shaping the risks of incidence, severity, and treatment outcomes for cancer, neurodegeneration, heart failure, sarcopenia, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and many other diseases. In this review, we aim to systematically investigate the age-related features of the development of several diseases through the lens of multiomics: from genome instability and somatic mutations to pathway alterations and dysregulated metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychiatric morbidities are often underdiagnosed among the primary caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders who attend child clinics; however, they are frequent and are associated with adverse outcomes. An integrated management program, which is an evidence-based approach to psychiatric morbidity management, remains an exception in most hospital settings. This study investigated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and its associated factors among primary caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 357 respondents in child clinics at a teaching hospital between January 2023 and December 2023. Results: Most respondents (225, 63%) had at least one psychiatric morbidity, and the majority had major depressive episodes (147, 41.2%). Lack of family support was associated with at least one psychiatric morbidity (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Primary caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders attending outpatient child clinics experience psychiatric issues, especially major depressive episodes and anxiety disorders. Primary caregivers without an alternative caregiver or family support are more likely to suffer from psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As society experiences accelerated ageing, understanding the complex biological processes of human ageing, which are affected by a large number of variables and factors, becomes increasingly crucial. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for ageing research, offering the ability to detect patterns, make accurate predictions, and extract valuable insights from large volumes of complex, heterogeneous data. As ageing research increasingly leverages AI techniques, we present a timely systematic literature review to explore the current state-of-the-art in this field following a rigorous and transparent review methodology. As a result, a total of 77 articles have been identified, summarised, and categorised based on their characteristics. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, have been extensively used to analyse diverse datasets, comprising imaging, genetic, behavioural, and contextual data. Findings showcase the potential of AI in predicting age-related outcomes, developing ageing biomarkers, and determining factors associated with healthy ageing. However, challenges related to data quality, interpretability of AI models, and privacy and ethical considerations have also been identified. Despite the advancements, novel approaches suggest that there is still room for improvement to provide personalised AI-driven healthcare services and promote active ageing initiatives with the ultimate goal of enhancing the quality of life and well-being of older adults. Overview of the literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate the burden of low back pain(LBP) in the middle-aged population across global regions and between genders, assess the major risk factors and their impacts, and project the burden to 2050, providing a scientific basis for global preventive actions. Methods: This study utilized The Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 database. First, we integrated the population data of the 45–49, 50–54, and 55–59 age groups provided by the GBD using a weighted average method to calculate the Disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) rate for the middle-aged population aged 45 to 59 years. Subsequently, we analyzed the trends in the burden of LBP globally and across regions from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on stratified data by country, risk factors (e.g., high BMI), and gender. Finally, we employed the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort(BAPC) model to predict future trends in LBP burden from 2021 to 2050. Results: Globally, from 1990 to 2021, the DALY rate for the 45–59 age group with LBP decreased from 875.45(95%UI: 534.57-1340.68) per 100,000 people to 747.92 (450.55-1,161.66), with an EAPC of -0.46 (95%UI: -0.50 to -0.43). Despite the decline in DALY rates, the total number of DALYs due to LBP increased from 5,515,080.64 (95%UI: 3,367,626.11–8,445,931.67) in 1990 to 9,816,401.64 (95%UI: 5,913,142.33–15,249,187.03) in 2021, a rise of 4,301,321. High Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions were the most affected, with a DALY rate of 933.03 (95%UI: 557.90–1,420.60) per 100,000 in 2021. Among risk factors, high BMI showed the most significant increase, with DALY rates rising from 153.64 (95%UI: 15.94–334.63) per 100,000 in 1990 to 209.09 (95%UI: 22.16–452.58) in 2021, and an EAPC of 1.08 (95%UI: 1.02 to 1.14). Gender differences revealed a DALY rate of 705.39 (95%UI: 431.21–1,078.96) per 100,000 for males and 803.62 (95%UI: 471.69–1,266.63) per 100,000 for females in 2021. Projections based on the BAPC model suggest that by 2050, global DALYs due to LBP will increase to 11,626,643.07, with females expected to account for 6,725,763.24 and males for 4,900,879.84, indicating a greater burden for females. Conclusion: This study highlights the global burden and trends of LBP in the middle-aged population. Although the DALY rate for the 45–59 age group decreased from 1990 to 2021, the total number of DALYs increased significantly due to population aging. In this context, the burden of LBP in low-middle SDI regions has remained largely unchanged and remains substantial, while high-SDI regions, despite some decline, continue to bear the highest overall burden. High BMI continues to contribute significantly to the rising LBP burden, particularly in middle-aged populations, and demands urgent attention. Gender differences indicate that females bear a greater LBP burden than males, with the gap widening over time. Effective preventive and intervention measures are urgently needed to mitigate the future burden of LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: In recent decades, the number of patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased, and CVD survivors are more likely to be old and frail and to have multiple comorbidities. A better understanding of geriatric conditions and their prevalence would help improve the management of older patients with CVDs. The main objective of this study is to estimate the association of myocardial infarction (MI) history with geriatric syndromes (GSs) in people 65 years of age and older. Methods: The cross-sectional study EVKALIPT included patients who were 65 years of age and older. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The presence of MI history was assessed by medical records. Results: A total of 4295 participants were included. The prevalence of MI history was 12.6%. According to univariate regression analysis, MI history was associated with an increase in the odds of 12 GSs by 1.3–2.4 times. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex and four GSs (impairment in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, depression, falls) were independently associated with a history of MI, with the odds ratio ranging from 1.28 to 1.86. Conclusions: This study showed the association between MI history and GSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aging of the global population, neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as a major public health issue. The adoption of a less sedentary lifestyle has been shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms responsible are less clear. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the complex molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline and how lifestyle choices influence these processes. A review of the evidence from animal models, human studies, and postmortem analyses emphasizes the importance of integrating physical exercise with cognitive, multisensory, and motor stimulation as part of a multifaceted approach to mitigating cognitive decline. We highlight the potential of these non-pharmacological interventions to address key aging hallmarks, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, and neuroinflammation, and underscore the need for comprehensive and personalized strategies to promote cognitive resilience and healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This qualitative systematic review aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the self‐management experience of older patients with multimorbidity worldwide. Methods: Nine databases were searched, for papers published from database inception to April 2023. The systematic review was conducted according to the systematic review method of qualitative evidence by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: Seven studies were included. Finally, four themes and 12 subthemes were formed: (1) physical level: reduced physical function and lack of coordinated care; (2) psychological level: mental state of anxiety and positive attitude towards life; (3) social level: technical support, support from family, support from healthcare workers and support from others; and (4) practical level: economic burden, lifestyle changes, self‐care in daily life and compliance was much lower than expected. Conclusions: To improve self‐management in older people with multimorbidity, nurses should provide more guidance to patients to improve their self‐management skills, and clinicians should recommend effective self‐management behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic?: Globally, approximately 50% of older people aged over 65 years demonstrate multimorbidity, with sharp increases in the prevalence in this population.In recent years, the phenomenon of older people with multimorbidity has received increasing attention, and there has been an increase in the number of related qualitative studies. While these studies provide an in‐depth account of experiences among samples, synthesizing these findings can help identify similarities and differences, as well as gaps in current knowledge. Therefore, there is a need for systematic evaluation and meta‐integration of the results of multiple qualitative studies to obtain deeper, more comprehensive findings. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The practice of self‐management in older patients with multimorbidity should include the physical, psychological, social and practical levels of the patient.As the primary providers of health services, nurses should sensitize older patients with multimorbidity to the susceptibility and severity of their disease and help them to improve their self‐management skills.Clinicians need to recommend effective self‐management behaviours to implement into the daily lives of older patients with multimorbidity in their clinical practice. What are the implications for practice?: These findings remind us that clinical healthcare professionals should be patient‐centred and focus on the personal experience of self‐management in older adults with multimorbidity.Findings emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to focus on diversifying management strategies and the need to provide targeted self‐management guidance to older patients with multimorbidity to help them improve their self‐management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background and Aim: Social factors play a crucial role in the quality of life of + 50 adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between social support, depression, and loneliness and the health-related quality of life in + 50 adults of Ardakan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from the first phase of Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA) in 2019. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL, SF-16), Duke Social Support Index (DSSI), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10) were used to assess the variables of interest. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the associated factors with the score of the SF-16 tool in two dimensions; physical (PCS) and mental (MCS). Findings: A total of 5197 over 50 years individuals included in this study; The mean age was 62.2 ± 7.3 years old, and 52% were male. The mean score for PCS and MCS subscales was 45.6 (95% CI 45.4 to 45.9) and 49.3 (95% CI 49.0 to 49.5), respectively. Adjusted for other variables, having less feeling level of loneliness, and not having depressive symptoms were related to better PCS and MCS scores. Conclusion: The HRQoL for the mental aspect of HRQoL was better than the physical in elder populations. Also, much more focus should be paid to older adults who experience inadequate social support, higher levels of loneliness, and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic can further strain the mental health of informal caregivers who provide unpaid assistance to family members or friends who need support due to illness, disability, or aging. However, there is a lack of research exploring the resources and adaptive strategies that promote resilience in informal caregivers. This cross-sectional study used psychometric network analysis to model the interplay between coping strategies, emotion regulation, trait resilience, and anxiety and depression symptoms in 351 Italian informal caregivers. The results showed that coping through a positive attitude, emotional reappraisal, and trait resilience were the most central and interconnected nodes in the network. These adaptive strategies buffered against the negative impact of anxiety and depression symptoms, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying resilience and well-being in informal caregivers. Clinically, it is crucial to assess and foster these resilience-promoting factors (positive attitude coping, cognitive reappraisal, and trait resilience) to help mitigate the mental health challenges faced by informal caregivers, especially in the context of public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesize the evidence of interventions based on salutogenesis for older adults. Background: With the increasing tendency of global ageing and the progression of 'healthy ageing', salutogenesis has been adopted as a framework of health promotion for older adults. Design: An integrative review following PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources: Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus were systematically searched on 29 September 2022 and updated on 18 July 2023. Results: Eighteen eligible studies were included in this review. Salutogenic‐based interventions fell into three main categories: dialogue‐based, health education courses based, and goal setting and achievement based. The intervention doses: length ranged from 4 weeks to 2 years, with most (n = 12) within 12 weeks; the duration of each session ranged from 30 to 150 min, with the majority (n = 7) within 1 h; the frequency ranged from five times weekly to three times in 10 months, and in six studies was once a week. Intervention providers were mostly multidisciplinary teams, while in four studies were nurses only. Most of the studies reported that salutogenic‐based interventions could improve older adults' sense of coherence, quality of life, self‐efficacy, self‐management, meaning of life and mental health. Conclusions: This review synthesized the interventions based on salutogenesis for older adults, including salutogenesis application, intervention and its doses, intervention settings and providers, and intervention effects. Future research on the effectiveness of the intervention, the optimal dose of the intervention and the underlying mechanisms are still necessary to understand salutogenic‐based interventions. No Patient or Public Contribution: Not apply as it's a review paper. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Salutogenic‐based intervention is effective for older adults in different scenarios to improve their health outcomes. Nurses play a key role in salutogenic‐based interventional programs and thus should be essential personnel as the intervention provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is classically associated with a decline of cognitive abilities, especially in relation to memory. While the development of potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases has been in sharp focus, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a form of age‐related memory loss, in the absence of severe functional impairment, a condition experienced by many healthy adults, has received relatively little attention. Advances in this space would make significant contributions to the goal of healthy aging and may also help promote cognitive performance across the wider population. The individual action of either fructooligosaccharide (FOS) or L‐theanine, both natural plant‐derived molecules, has been tentatively linked with improvements in cognition, but our understanding remains far from complete. We therefore determined the effect of different dose combinations of FOS and L‐theanine (termed MT‐01/GBL‐Memory1) in mice against FOS and L‐theanine monotherapy. FOS and L‐theanine were found to synergistically enhance murine memory in our animal tests at a dose of 100 mg/kg (coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) < 1). In a subsequent human trial, we demonstrated that MT‐01 improved the memory of healthy adults after 1 month of consumption. Our results suggest that a combination of FOS and L‐theanine synergistically enhances murine memory within a specific dose range. We show that this plant natural product regimen also improves human memory in a population of healthy adults. MT‐01 therefore represents a novel, safe, and effective dietary supplement to promote human memory and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]