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13. AtATM is essential for meiosis and the somatic response to DNA damage in plants

Author

David Bouchez, Delphine Camescasse, Hugues Bruchet, Alain Tissier, Valerie Garcia, Fabienne Granier, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, DNA Repair, Arabidopsis, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Proteins, Plant Science, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, DNA Ligase ATP, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE, Phosphorylation, 0303 health sciences, BIOTECHNOLOGIE, Cell Cycle, Meiosis, Phenotype, Transcriptional Activation, DNA Ligases, DNA repair, DNA damage, Ultraviolet Rays, Molecular Sequence Data, Flowers, Biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, medicine, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Base Sequence, In This Issue, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cell Biology, BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Methyl Methanesulfonate, Molecular biology, Enzyme Activation, Fertility, chemistry, Fruit, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Mutation, Homologous recombination, DNA, 010606 plant biology & botany, DNA Damage
Abstract

In contrast to yeast or mammalian cells, little is known about the signaling responses to DNA damage in plants. We previously characterized AtATM, an Arabidopsis homolog of the human ATM gene, which is mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, a chromosome instability disorder. The Atm protein is a protein kinase whose activity is induced by DNA damage, particularly DNA double-strand breaks. The phosphorylation targets of Atm include proteins involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Here, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of two Arabidopsis mutants carrying a T-DNA insertion in AtATM. Arabidopsis atm mutants are hypersensitive to γ-radiation and methylmethane sulfonate but not to UV-B light. In correlation with the radiation sensitivity, atm mutants failed to induce the transcription of genes involved in the repair and/or detection of DNA breaks upon irradiation. In addition, atm mutants are partially sterile, and we show that this effect is attributable to abundant chromosomal fragmentation during meiosis. Interestingly, the transcription of DNA recombination genes during meiosis was not dependent on AtATM, and meiotic recombination occurred at the same rate as in wild-type plants, raising questions about the function of AtAtm during meiosis in plants. Our results demonstrate that AtATM plays a central role in the response to both stress-induced and developmentally programmed DNA damage.

Published
2003
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14. European Radiation Protection Course : Basics

Author

Philippe Massiot, Christine Jimonet, Philippe Massiot, and Christine Jimonet

Subjects
Radiopharmaceuticals
Abstract

Radiation protection is a major challenge in the industrial applications of ionising radiation, both nuclear and non-nuclear, as well as in other areas such as the medical and research domains. The overall objective of this textbook is to participate to the development of European high-quality scheme and good practices for education and training in radiation protection (RP), coming from the new Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation.These ERPTS (European Radiation Protection Training Scheme) reflects the needs of the Radiation Protection Expert (RPE) and the Radiation Protection Officer (RPO), specifically with respect to the Directive 2013/59/Euratom in all sectors where ionising radiation are applied. To reflect the RPE training scheme, six chapters have been developed in this textbook:Radioactivity and nuclear physicsInteraction of ionising radiation with matterDosimetryBiological effects of ionising radiationDetection and measurement of ionising radiationUses of sources of ionising radiationThe result is a homogeneous textbook, dealing with the ERPTS learning outcomes suggested by ENETRAPII project (European Network on Education and Training in RAdiological Protection II) from the 7th Framework Programme.The production of this first module “basics” training material, in the form of a textbook as learning tool, will contribute to facilitate mutual recognition and enhanced mobility of these professionals across the European Union.

Published
2014

15. Principes de radioprotection - Réglementation

Author

Christine Jimonet, Henri Métivier, Christine Jimonet, and Henri Métivier

Subjects
Radioactivity--Safety measures, Radioactive substances--Safety regulations, Radiation--Safety measures, Radiation--Toxicology, Radiation--Dosage
Abstract

Ces dernières années ont vu se développer un rôle majeur dans l'entereprise ayant affaire au nucléaire : la personne compétente en radioprotection (PCR). Elle étudie et analyse les postes de travail, délimite les zones réglementées, surveille les niveaux de l'exposition, et en relation avec les autorités... Désignée par le chef d'établissement, la personne compétente en radioprotection doit nécessairement suivre une formation définie par arrêté ministériel et structurée en deux modules : un module théorique servant de tronc commun et un module pratique spécifique aux différents secteurs d'activité (industrie et recherche, institutions médicales et établissements nucléaires) ainsi qu'au type d'utilisation des rayonnements. Les auteurs, tous experts en radioprotection et particulièrement impliqués dans la formation de personnes compétentes, ont participé à la réalisation de ce volume, sous la coordination de Christine Jimonet et d'Henri Métivier.

Published
2009

16. Personne compétente en radioprotection : principes de radioprotection, réglementation

Author

Métivier, Henri, Jimonet, Christine, Institut national des sciences et techniques nucléaires (France), Métivier, Henri, Jimonet, Christine, and Institut national des sciences et techniques nucléaires (France)

Subjects
Radioactivity--Safety measures, Radioactive substances--Safety regulations, Radiation--Dosage, Radiation--Safety measures, Radiation--Toxicology
Abstract

'INSTN'--Cover.

Published
2007

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