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【Background and Objective】 Groundwater is a vital resource in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River basin, crucial for maintaining soil and water ecological functions. However, its depletion due to insufficient supply and excessive consumption has led to groundwater drought. Amidst the increasing demand for groundwater in the region, uncertainties persist regarding its ability to meet ecological and consumption demand. Evaluating groundwater drought is hence imperative to ensure sustainable development of the region. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal evolution in groundwater drought and its consequence for vegetation growth. 【Method】 This study was based on the GRACE/GRACE-FO data and GLDAS data measured from April 2002 to December 2021 in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Basin, from which we analyzed the groundwater storage anomaly and estimated the standardized groundwater drought index (SGDI). The spatiotemporal variation in groundwater drought was calculated using the run theory, the modified Mann-Kendall trend test, and the Spearman correlation analysis. The impact of vegetation on groundwater drought and its determinants was analyzed using detrended NDVI. 【Result】 ① Temporally, terrestrial water storage anomaly, surface water storage anomaly and groundwater storage anomaly in the basin changed at the rates of -0.022 mm/d, 0.005 mm/d, and -0.027 mm/d, respectively. Spatially, terrestrial water storage anomaly and groundwater storage anomaly were distributed unevenly in the basin. ② Temporal variation in groundwater drought in the basin had been in increase, with a total of 65 months occurring drought during the studied period, including six severe droughts and fourteen extreme droughts. Between 2016 and 2021, there were multiple consecutive groundwater droughts, including severe and extreme droughts after 2018. The most extreme drought from 2002 to 2021 was in October 2021. The Theil-Sen slope of SGDI in the basin was -4.10×10-4/d, which passed the MMK trend test, indicating there is a significant increasing trend of groundwater drought in the future. ③ In October 2021, the proportion of drought-affected areas in the basin were 95.81%, in which 64.66% were extreme drought. The Theil-Sen slope of SGDI varied spatially in the range of -0.014 to 0.007 per month. The groundwater drought in the north and east of the basin had increased significantly, with areas reaching 63.02% and drought tendency increasing from the southwest to the northeast. ④ The driving effect of vegetation changes on groundwater drought is not significant. 【Conclusion】 Groundwater drought in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Basin has intensified, characterized by an expanded drought areas, increased drought events, and a significant upward trend in drought. Groundwater drought did not result in a significant impact on vegetation. These findings underscore the urgent need to protect groundwater resource and mitigate its adverse impact on ecology and socio-economic development of the region.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of behavioral activation (BA), a novel psychological intervention, in ameliorating psychological distress and anxiety symptoms among patients diagnosed with esophageal and gastric cancer, as well as the mediating role of self‐efficacy between BA and psychological distress. Methods: A total of 139 patients diagnosed with esophageal and gastric cancer were recruited in China from March 2023 to October 2023 and randomly assigned to either the BA plus care as usual group (BA+CAU group) or the care as usual group (CAU group). Pre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires, including the Psychological Distress Thermometer (DT), Generalized anxiety disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7) Scale, General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the activation subscale of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS‐A), were administered. Results: Generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that, compared to usual care alone, combining BA with usual care significantly ameliorated psychological distress, anxiety as well as improved self‐efficacy and activation. The mediation analysis revealed that self‐efficacy served as a mediator in the relationship between activation and psychological distress. Conclusions: BA primarily based on telephone or WeChat can not only directly ameliorates psychological distress and anxiety symptoms in patients with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer but also indirectly alleviates psychological distress by enhancing self‐efficacy. The study also demonstrates the potential of BA in cancer patients, a skill that can be effectively acquired by primary care workers without specialized training and implemented more flexible. Trial Registration: NCT06348940 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effects of managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM), a psychological intervention with semi-structured interviews, on cancer-related fatigue (CRF), quality of life (QOL), and sleep quality in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, which may be accompanied by changes in cytokine levels. Methods: A total of 152 GI cancer patients with CRF were enrolled in the study during treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to CALM or usual care (UC) groups. Patients in the CALM group received 12 weeks of CALM plus usual care, and patients in the UC group received usual care plus usual health education. All study participants were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks using the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale, while cytokine levels were measured. Results: At 12 weeks, the differences in total CRF, QOL, sleep quality, IL-6, IL-4, and TNF-a levels were statistically significant not only in the CALM group compared to patients in the UC group (t = -7.902, t = 2.163, t = -2.187, t = 3.313, t = -4.120, t = -3.853, respectively; P < .05), but also in the CALM group compared to baseline (t = 11.331, t = -5.492, t = 5.450, t = -2.418, t = 2.186, t = 2.699, respectively; P < .05). Additionally, the total CRF at 12 weeks was correlated with IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-a levels (r = -.30, r = .31, r = .32, respectively; P < .001). Conclusions: CALM alleviated CRF and improved QOL and sleep quality in patients with GI cancer, and these improvements were accompanied by changes in IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-a levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-scale numerical method to study the electrolyte material BaZrO3 (BZO) and gives numerical implementations and results. At the microscopic level, molecular dynamics (MD) is used to model the atomic structure of BZO. At the macroscopic level, the finite element method is used for loading and numerical solution. To bridge the microscopic and macroscopic scales, the concept of coarse-grained and coupled algorithms was used to establish a relationship between the atomic mass and the number of nodes in a continuous medium by means of a weighted residual method. This approach takes into account the anisotropy of the atomic structure of BZO and determines an intrinsic nature law through detailed modelling of the microstructure. We first describe the principle of the Atom-to-Continuum (AtC) multiscale approach and verify the accuracy of the multiscale calculation method by comparing the stress–strain curves of BZO with a central crack under the AtC method and MD simulations. The mechanical response of the crack under macroscopic and microscopic calculations is then observed and discussed by combining it with finite element software. Under the finite element simulations, the crack extends forward in a cleavage manner, while in the MD simulations the results show a clear directional dependence: the (100) surface fracture involves in-plane slip, with the crack propagating forward perpendicular to the plane between Zr and O; in the (110) surface the crack is unstable as it extends, resulting in a zigzag crack extension path, with the final crack remaining in the same direction as the initial direction remains the same. Our study not only reveals the fracture mechanism of perovskite oxide BZO but also presents a multi-scale approach that allows for large-scale calculations, providing a new way of studying the material design and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]