1. Development of a standardized model for liver failure in pigs: anatomopathophysiologic findings after extended liver resection
- Author
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Esther Oliva, M. de Martino, Marco Spada, Bruno Gridelli, F. di Francesco, Calogero Ricotta, Duilio Pagano, G. Occhipinti, V. Pagano, Gabriel J. Echeverri, and Marta I. Minervini
- Subjects
Liver surgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Higado - Cirugia ,Bilirubin ,Swine ,Serum bilirubin ,Resection ,Bilirrubina ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,International Normalized Ratio ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Insuficiencia hepática ,Biomedical sciences ,Liver failure ,Total body ,Fisiología patológica ,Liver Insufficiency ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,Disease Models, Animal ,chemistry ,Ciencias socio biomédicas ,Lactates ,business ,Liver Failure - Abstract
Eighteen pigs weighing a mean 19 ± 4 kg, were divided into group 1 (n = 2), that underwent resection of the left lateral lobe, group 2 (n = 2), resection of the left median and right median lobes; and group 3 (n = 18), resection of the left lateral, left median, right median, and right lateral lobes. All animals were followed for 5 days. Liver failure (n = 8) leading to animal death within 3 days after surgery was observed in 65% of group 3, whereas no group 1 or 2 animal experienced liver insufficiency. Multivariate analysis revealed that the extent of liver resection expressed as a percentage of total body weight 1.6 as postoperative day 2, serum bilirubin > 4.2 on postoperative day 2, and serum lactates > 9 mmol/L after resection were independent predictors of liver failure (P < .05). The number of resected liver lobes was not a good predictor of liver failure in swine, whereas the extent of resection expressed as a percentage of total body weight was an independent predictor of early liver failure. A resected liver-to-body weight ratio >2.3% was associated with a 65% probability of developing liver insufficiency. This parameter may be useful when developing a model of liver failure after extended liver resection in swine.
- Published
- 2012