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Deep learning and multimodal remote and proximal sensing are widely used for analyzing plant and crop traits, but many of these deep learning models are supervised and necessitate reference datasets with image annotations. Acquiring these datasets often demands experiments that are both labor-intensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, extracting traits from remote sensing data beyond simple geometric features remains a challenge. To address these challenges, we proposed a radiative transfer modeling framework based on the Helios 3-dimensional (3D) plant modeling software designed for plant remote and proximal sensing image simulation. The framework has the capability to simulate RGB, multi-/hyperspectral, thermal, and depth cameras, and produce associated plant images with fully resolved reference labels such as plant physical traits, leaf chemical concentrations, and leaf physiological traits. Helios offers a simulated environment that enables generation of 3D geometric models of plants and soil with random variation, and specification or simulation of their properties and function. This approach differs from traditional computer graphics rendering by explicitly modeling radiation transfer physics, which provides a critical link to underlying plant biophysical processes. Results indicate that the framework is capable of generating high-quality, labeled synthetic plant images under given lighting scenarios, which can lessen or remove the need for manually collected and annotated data. Two example applications are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of using the model to enable unsupervised learning by training deep learning models exclusively with simulated images and performing prediction tasks using real images.

Abstract Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the systemic immune response after ischemic stroke. However, their role remains unclear, and the effect appears to be both neuroprotective and detrimental. Treg suppressor function may result in immunodepression and promote stroke-associated infection (SAI). Thus we assume that the bidirectional effects of Tregs may be in part attributed to the intracellular transcription factor Helios. Tregs with Helios expression (H+ Tregs) constitute 70–90% of all Treg cells and more frequently than Helios-negative Tregs (H− Tregs) express molecules recognized as markers of Tregs with suppressor abilities. Methods and results We prospectively assessed the circulating Treg population with flow cytometry in 52 subjects on days 1, 3, 10 and 90 after ischemic stroke and we compared the results with those obtained in concurrent age-, sex- and vascular risk factor-matched controls. At all studied time points the percentage of H+ Tregs decreased in stroke subjects—D1: 69.1% p

Abstract. Background:. The HELIOS stent is a sirolimus-eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer and titanium oxide film as the tie-layer. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HELIOS stent in a real-world setting. Methods:. The HELIOS registry is a prospective, multicenter, cohort study conducted at 38 centers across China between November 2018 and December 2019. A total of 3060 consecutive patients were enrolled after application of minimal inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1-year follow-up. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of clinical events and construct survival curves. Results:. A total of 2998 (98.0%) patients completed the 1-year follow-up. The 1-year incidence of TLF was 3.10% (94/2998, 95% closed interval: 2.54–3.78%). The rates of cardiac death, non-fatal target vessel MI and clinically indicated TLR were 2.33% (70/2998), 0.20% (6/2998), and 0.70% (21/2998), respectively. The rate of stent thrombosis was 0.33% (10/2998). Age ≥60 years, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction at admission, and device success were independent predictors of TLF at 1 year. Conclusion:. The 1-year incidence rates of TLF and stent thrombosis were 3.10% and 0.33%, respectively, in patients treated with HELIOS stents. Our results provide clinical evidence for interventional cardiologists and policymakers to evaluate HELIOS stent. Clinical trial registration:. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03916432

The efficacy and safety of levilimab (LVL) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been confirmed in controlled clinical trials. This article presents the results of a preliminary analysis of a non-interventional observational study of LVL in RA patients. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LVL in the treatment of patients with RA in real-world clinical practice. Materials and methods. The HELIOS study is a retrospective-prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study of retention rate of LVL therapy and the safety of LVL in patients with RA in real-world clinical practice. Patients received medical care, including LVL, according to routine clinical practice for the treatment of RA and Russian instructions for medical use of the drug. This article presents the results of an analysis of the efficacy and safety of LVL after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Efficacy was assessed using the DAS28-CRP/ESR, SDAI, CDAI and patient assessment of pain, fatigue and morning stiffness according to VAS (0–100 mm). Results and discussion. 524 patients from 42 medical centers in the Russian Federation were enrolled in the study from June 2022 to November 2023. The majority of patients were female (83.2 %) and the mean age of patients was 53 years. A statistically significant decrease in DAS28-CRP/ESR, SDAI, CDAI, patient assessment of pain, fatigue and morning stiffness (VAS) was observed after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of previous treatment with biologics or Jak inhibitors (JAKi). LVL was well tolerated by patients, the most frequently reported adverse events were infections, changes in peripheral blood and laboratory abnormalities characteristic of treatment with IL-6R inhibitors. Conclusion. In real-world clinical practice, LVL has been shown to be highly effective and well tolerated in patients with RA when prescribed as the first biologic disease-modifying antirheaumatic drus (bDMARD) and after switching from other bDMARDs or JAKi.

The concept of homogeneity in the real estate market is a well-known analysis aspect, yet it remains a significant challenge in practical implementation. This study aims to fill this research gap by introducing the HELIOS concept (Homogeneity Estate Linguistic Intelligence Omniscient Support), presenting a new approach to real estate market analyses. In a world increasingly mindful of environmental, social, and economic concerns, HELIOS is a novel concept grounded in linguistic intelligence and machine learning to reshape how we perceive and analyze real estate data. By exploring the synergies between human expertise and technological capabilities, HELIOS aims not only to enhance the efficiency of real estate analyses but also to contribute to the broader goal of sustainable and responsible data practices in the dynamic landscape of property markets. Additionally, the article formulates a set of assumptions and suggestions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of homogeneity analysis in mass valuation, emphasizing the synergy between human knowledge and the potential of machine technology.

IntroductionThe transcription factor HELIOS is primarily known for its expression in CD4 regulatory T cells, both in humans and mice. In mice, HELIOS is found in exhausted CD8 T cells. However, information on human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is limited and conflicting. MethodsIn this study, we characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells.ResultsThese T cells primarily consist of memory cells and constitute approximately 21% of blood CD8 T cells. In comparison with memory HELIOS- T-BEThigh CD8 T cells that displayed robust effector functions, the memory HELIOS+ T-BEThigh CD8 T cells produce lower amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and have a lower cytotoxic potential. We wondered if these cells participate in the immune response against viral antigens, but did not find HELIOS+ cells among CD8 T cells recognizing CMV peptides presented by HLA-A2 and HLA-B7. However, we found HELIOS+ CD8 T cells that recognize a CMV peptide presented by MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E. Additionally, a portion of HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is characterized by the expression of CD161, often used as a surface marker for identifying TC17 cells. These CD8 T cells express TH17/TC17-related genes encoding RORgt, RORa, PLZF, and CCL20. DiscussionOur findings emphasize that HELIOS is expressed across various CD8 T cell populations, highlighting its significance beyond its role as a transcription factor for Treg or exhausted murine CD8 T cells. The significance of the connection between HELIOS and HLA-E restriction is yet to be understood.

Many people with bipolar disorder have disrupted circadian rhythms. This means that the timing of sleep and wake activities becomes out-of-sync with the standard 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythms are strongly influenced by light levels and previous research suggests that people with bipolar disorder might have a heightened sensitivity to light, causing more circadian rhythm disruption, increasing the potential for triggering a mood switch into mania or depression. Lithium has been in clinical use for over 70 years and is acknowledged to be the most effective long-term treatment for bipolar disorder. Lithium has many reported actions in the body but the precise mechanism of action in bipolar disorder remains an active area of research. Central to this project is recent evidence that lithium may work by stabilising circadian rhythms of mood, cognition and rest/activity. Our primary hypothesis is that people with bipolar disorder have some pathophysiological change at the level of the retina which makes them hypersensitive to the visual and non-visual effects of light, and therefore more susceptible to circadian rhythm dysfunction. We additionally hypothesise that the mood-stabilising medication lithium is effective in bipolar disorder because it reduces this hypersensitivity, making individuals less vulnerable to light-induced circadian disruption. We will recruit 180 participants into the HELIOS-BD study. Over an 18-month period, we will assess visual and non-visual responses to light, as well as retinal microstructure, in people with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. Further, we will assess whether individuals with bipolar disorder who are being treated with lithium have less pronounced light responses and attenuated retinal changes compared to individuals with bipolar disorder not being treated with lithium. This study represents a comprehensive investigation of visual and non-visual light responses in a large bipolar disorder population, with great translational potential for patient stratification and treatment innovation.