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Introduction: Consumption of coffee and tea, and total intake of caffeine has been claimed to be associated with osteoporotic fracture risk. However, results of earlier studies lack consistency. Methods: We examined this relation in a cohort of 31,527 Swedish women aged 40-76 years at baseline in 1988. The consumption of coffee, caffeinated tea and the intake of caffeine were estimated from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) of fractures with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During a mean follow-up of 10.3 years, we observed 3,279 cases with osteoporotic fractures. The highest (>330 mg/day) compared with the lowest ( Keywords Caffeine * Coffee * Cohort study * Fracture * Tea

Background/Objectives: Although increased nociceptive excitability and deficient endogenous pain modulation are considered key features of pronociception and central sensitization, their contribution to neuropathic pain (NP) characteristics in SCI is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize tonic cold perception and endogenous pain modulation in individuals with and without SCI-NP, considering the stage and severity of SCI and, secondarily, NP phenotype. Methods: Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and neuropathic features were assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and Douleur Neuropathique 4 screening questionnaire (DN4) during the tonic cold pressor test (CPT, 12 °C 60 s) applied to the dominant hand and foot. CPT-induced pronociception was assessed as change in algometer pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) measured at the V2, C6, and L4 dermatomes. Results: A total of 72 individuals were recruited (age-sex-matched noninjured, n = 24; SCI-NP, n = 24; SCI-noNP, n = 24 [AIS A: n = 12, AIS B-D: n = 12; subacute SCI: n = 12, chronic SCI: n = 12]). TSP in response to the foot CPT was higher in subacute compared to chronic incomplete SCI-NP, while TSP to the hand CPT was significantly higher in chronic compared to the subacute complete SCI-NP group. Evoked pain intensity during the hand CPT correlated with duration of below-level SCI-NP. The hand CPT induced widespread pronociception (lower PPT), which correlated with 7-day non-evoked (spontaneous) pain intensity in individuals with incomplete SCI-NP. Individuals with below-level NP, but not at-level NP, showed higher TSP during the foot CPT and greater hand CPT-induced L4 dermatome pronociception. Conclusions: Collectively, measurements of above and below-level temporal summation of pain and translesional-induced pronociception in the SCI-NP group highlight the role of these mechanisms in widespread central sensitization, spontaneous pain intensity, and spinothalamic tract hyperexcitability, especially in individuals diagnosed with below-level NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study evaluated osteopenia (OPN) and osteoporosis (OP) as risk factors for dental implant failure and repeat failure. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on over 100 randomly selected patients per analysis to determine the effect of health status, smoking status, sex, implant location and operative conditions on first and second (re-implantation) implant survival. Analyses were conducted first using chi-squared test, followed by multiple logistic regression for significant variables. Results: In the cohort examining the effect of myriad risk factors on second implant survival, it was found that OPN and OP greatly impacted implant survival, wherein patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia had significantly more implant failures (p = 0.0353). Sex and operative conditions had no effect on implant survival, while implant location showed a notable effect wherein significantly more failures occurred in the maxilla vs mandible (p = 0.0299). Upon finding that OPN and OP have a significant effect on second implant survival, we conducted an additional study focusing on the impact of health status. Based on the multiple logistical regression analysis, we found that OPN and OP are the most significant factor in first implant survival (p = 0.0065), followed by diabetes (p = 0.0297). Importantly, it was observed that early implant failure is also significantly correlated with osteoporosis (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: We show here a marked relationship in which the risk of first and second implant failure are significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of large-scale disasters, caused for example by natural hazards, industrial accidents or terror attacks, requires collaboration of different types of organizations. The organizations can use different equipment and tools, follow different strategies and procedures, or have different understandings of relevant terms. These differences, increasingly complex when it comes to international cooperation, can cause severe lack of interoperability that can result in vital time delays. An approach to increase interoperability in European disaster management is to standardize solutions, such as technical tools, procedures or terminology. However, standardization is not always trivial, in some cases it is impossible, in others there are challenges to overcome. In context of an EU initiative to facilitate and push standardization across all fields of European disaster management, an initial step was to gather standardization gaps in a comprehensive manner. Standardization gaps are the result of comparing end-users' standardization needs with existing standards. Selected results of the gap analysis are presented in this article, and put into context of the general structure of disaster management standardization. Related challenges such as the proper involvement of all relevant stakeholders, and specific characteristics of the disaster management domain are addressed, and suggestions for a way forward are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency in cells, is dynamically regulated across different subcellular compartments. The ATP interplay between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) underscores their coordinated roles in various biochemical processes, highlighting the necessity for precise profiling of subcellular ATP dynamics. Here we present an exogenously and endogenously dual-regulated DNA nanodevice for spatiotemporally selective, subcellular-compartment specific signal amplification in ATP sensing. The system allows for exogenous NIR light-controlled spatiotemporal localization and activation of the aptamer sensor in mitochondria or ER, while a specific endogenous enzyme in the organelles further drives signal amplification via the consumption of molecular beacon fuels, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivity and spatial precision for the subcellular ATP profiling in the organelle of interest. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of this system for robust monitoring of ATP fluctuations in mitochondria and ER following drug interventions. This advancement provides a powerful tool for improving our understanding of cellular energetics at the subcellular level and holds potential for the development of targeted therapeutics., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Bacterial biofilm in the oral cavity and around dental implants may trigger an inflammatory response of the peri-implant soft tissue. Emerging antimicrobial products have been developed to combat peri-implant soft tissue pathology; however, limited evidence is available evaluating their effectiveness. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case report in the literature assessing the effect of Cervitec Plus around dental implants. This case report provides an example of a patient presenting to a periodontal specialty clinic with peri-implant pathology and subsequently treated with anti microbial varnish following dental hygiene peri-implant therapy. The report serves to evaluate the efficacy of peri-implant soft tissue pathology utilizing antimicrobial varnish as measured by percent of bleeding upon probing, presence of suppuration, and changes in implant probing depths. Understanding the impact of bacterial plaque on peri-implant soft tissue and the effectiveness of antimicrobial products in conjunction with dental hygiene peri-implant therapy may provide patients with optimal peri-implant health and long-term success of dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Peri-implant mucositis is a biofilm-related, reversible inflammatory disease that can evolve into peri-implantitis if not adequately treated. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of air-abrasive powder as compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis, in terms of clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) and occurrence of peri-implantitis 12 months after treatment., Methods: In the control group, full-mouth calculus and plaque removal was performed with ultrasound and manual devices, and a 1.0% CHX gel was applied; in the test group, supra- and subgingival biofilm removal was performed using erythritol powder with a dedicated nozzle and calculus removal was performed with ultrasonic instruments if needed. Bleeding and plaque indexes, peri-implant probing depth and tissue level were measured at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, while PROMs were evaluated up to 7 days after treatment., Results: Among 80 included implants, 70 were analysed at 12 months follow-up (30 in the test group, 40 in the control group, and 20 subjects). Success rates (implant-level) in terms of bleeding index were significantly different between the test (96.7%) and control group (92.5%); as for PROMs, only taste sensation was significantly better in the test group. The test group was significantly correlated to the smallest changes in peri-implant probing depth between baseline and 3 months., Conclusions: The study showed that both treatment strategies are effective. This suggests that the use of air-abrasive powders could be used as an alternative biofilm removal method instead of adjunctive treatments with antiseptics., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Despite a large number of observational studies examining the effect of coffee consumption(CC) on bone disorders(BDs), particularly, osteoarthritis(OA), osteoportic fracture(OF), and rheumatoid arthritis(RA), the conclusions are highly controversial. Thus, it is essential to examine the causal association between CC and BDs., Materials and Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal influence of CC on OF, RA, and OA. The main endpoint was the odds ratio (OR) of the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. In addition, the weighted median (WM), MR-Egger regressions, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) and multivariable MR (MVMR) were included in sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, the function of causal SNPs was evaluated by gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction networks., Results: Primary MR analysis based on the IVW method suggested that changes in CC alter risk of OF (OR = 1.383, 95%CI 1.079-1.853, P = 0.039), RA(OR: 1.623, 95%CI 1.042-2.527, P = 0.032) and HOA (hip osteoarthritis, OR = 1.536, 95% CI 1.044-2.259, P = 0.021). However, these causal relationships were not robust in sensitivity analyses. In contrast, there is a positive causal relationship between increased CC and the risk of KOA (knee osteoarthritis, OR: 2.094, 95%CI: 1.592-2.754, P = 1.41 × 10 -7 ), as evidenced by the IVW using random effect. A similar effect size was observed across all MR sensitivity analyses, with no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy., Conclusion: Based on our MR analysis, increased CC was causally linked to an increase in the risk of KOA. Genetic predictions suggested that CC reduction may have benefits for bone health., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical approval and consent to participate: There was no need for ethical approval for the use of anonymous open data., (© 2024. The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research.)

The management of hyperparathyroidism (intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) serum levels > 585 pg/mL), frequently focuses on the appropriate control of mineral and bone markers, with the decrease in serum and dietary phosphorus as two of the targets. We aimed to investigate the association between iPTH, serum phosphorus levels and dietary intake. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study with 561 patients on hemodialysis treatment. Clinical parameters, body composition and dietary intake were assessed. For the analysis, patients were divided into three groups: (a) iPTH < 130, (b) iPTH between 130 and 585 and (c) iPTH > 585 pg/mL. The association between PTH, serum phosphorus and dietary intake was analyzed using linear regression models. In the whole sample, 23.2% of patients presented an iPTH > 585 pg/mL. Patients with higher iPTH levels were those with longer HD vintage and lower ages, higher serum phosphorus, serum calcium, Ca/P product, albumin and caffeine intake, and a lower dietary intake of phosphorus, fiber, riboflavin and folate. Higher serum phosphorus predicted higher iPTH levels, even in the adjusted model. However, lower dietary phosphorus and fiber intake were predictors of higher iPTH levels, including in the adjusted model. Our results bring new data to the relationship between dietary intake and iPTH values. Despite higher serum phosphorus being observed in patients with HPTH, an opposite association was noted regarding dietary phosphate and fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, are induced by dysbiotic microbiota resulting in the inflammatory destruction of peri-implant tissue. Nonetheless, there has yet to be an established protocol for the treatment of these diseases in a predictable manner, although many clinicians and researchers have proposed various treatment modalities for their management. With the increase in the number of reports evaluating the efficacy of various treatment modalities and new materials, the use of multiple decontamination methods to clean infected implant surfaces is recommended; moreover, the use of hard tissue laser and/or air abrasion techniques may prove advantageous in the future. Limited evidence supports additional effects on clinical improvement in antimicrobial administration for treating peri-implantitis. Implantoplasty may be justified for decontaminating the implant surfaces in the supracrestal area. Surgical treatment is employed for advanced peri-implantitis, and appropriate surgical methods, such as resection therapy or combination therapy, should be selected based on bone defect configuration. This review presents recent clinical advances in debridement methods for contaminated implant surfaces and regenerative materials for treating peri-implant bone defects. It also proposes a new flowchart to guide the treatment decisions for peri-implant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition in dental medicine that manifests as an inflammatory process affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants. Peri-implantitis occurs when the soft and hard tissues surrounding these implants become inflamed, leading to progressive destruction of the supporting bone. The etiology of peri-implantitis is multifactorial, involving microbial, host-related, and environmental factors. Microbial involvement in peri-implantitis can be explained either by direct in-situ virulence activation leading to pathogenicity, or by induction of low-grade chronic immune activation, leading to long-term persistence of a pro-inflammatory status. Understanding peri-implantitis is pivotal in maintaining the long-term success of dental implants and improving patient outcomes in implant- supported restorations. Recognizing the etiological factors, including particular bacterial species, genetic predispositions, and environmental influences, is very important for devising effective preventive strategies and targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils, such as sweets and juice flavorings, are widely used in the perfume, fragrance, and food industries. In addition, they are used as components of pharmaceuticals, antiseptics, and aromatherapy products. In this research, parsley essential oils from the Apiaceae family were investigated. Parsley was harvested in three consecutive months of spring and after each harvest, was carefully transported to the laboratory. After drying at ambient temperature and extraction of the essential oils of parsley by clevenger, its essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS. The family of chemical compounds was specified precisely. The results indicated that more compounds were detected in the third harvest. Parsley indicator compounds were present in all three harvests. The most identified compound from the first to the third harvest was Myristcin in the first and second harvests and 1,3,8-p-Menthatriene in the third. The amounts of these compounds would be various due to the different conditions of the product's surrounding circumstances (such as light or temperature). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of peri-implantitis on the components of metabolic syndrome, and to provide suggestions on the management of peri-implantitis patients with metabolic disorders. A search for relevant records was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health on 1st September 2023. Clinical trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies containing comparisons of metabolic factors between patients with and without peri-implantitis were considered eligible. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Out of 1158 records identified, 5 cross-sectional studies were eligible for final inclusion. Two studies reported significant differences in the lipid profile of patients with peri-implantitis, one of which reported higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, while the other reported higher triglyceride levels. Another study reported significantly higher HbA1c levels in patients with peri-implantitis. The remaining two studies containing comparisons of BMI between patients with and without peri-implantitis indicated no significant differences. Overall, there are suggestions that peri-implantitis is associated with altered metabolic factors, including lipid profile and HbA1c level. However, there is not enough evidence to support these clinical implications due to the paucity of related literature and the low evidence level of the included studies. More investigations with stronger evidence levels are needed to narrow this gap of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study compared the progression of experimental peri-implantitis between alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and spontaneous healing (SH) sites in infected (IT) and noninfected tooth (NIT)., Methods: Bilateral mandibular third or fourth premolars of six beagle dogs were randomly assigned to IT and NIT groups. Before extraction, chronic dehiscence defects were created at the mesial root of mid-buccal area in IT group. Four weeks later, the mesial roots of the third and fourth premolars were extracted in all groups.ARP procedure was randomly conducted on one side of the extraction sockets using collagenated bovine bone substitutes and resorbable collagen membrane, and contralateral side was allowded spontaneous healing. After 12 weeks of healing, bone-level implants (ϕ 3.6 × 8.0 mm) were placed at the extraction sockets. Three months of ligature induced peri-implantitis and three months of spontaneous progression were allowed, with radiographs taken at each phase. Biopsies were retrieved at the implant site for histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and polarized light-microscopic analyses., Results: Radiography demonstrated that the changes in the marginal bone level during the spontaneous progression period showed no significant differences between ARP and SH sites. Only small and/or nonsignificant differences in the progression of peri-implantitis were observed between ARP and SH sites in histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and polarized light microscopic analyses. Additionally, the IT and NIT groups exhibited similar outcomes for most parameters., Conclusion: ARP with xenogenic bone substitutes might provide similarly robust results as SH sites regarding the progression of experimental peri-implantitis, irrespective of the infected or noninfected nature of the site before tooth extraction., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.)

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of non-surgical mechanical debridement with or without adjunctive application of a gel with spermidine and sodium hyaluronate associated to a sealing gel (i.e. calcium chloride) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM)., Materials and Methods: Forty patients with one implant with PiM were randomly allocated in test and control groups. Test implants were treated with non-surgical mechanical debridement and local unique application of spermidine and calcium chloride gel while control implants were treated using non-surgical mechanical debridement alone. The primary outcome was BOP change. FMPS, FMBS and PD were also assessed. For an Implant the presence of a single bleeding spot (1 site/implant without a continuous line or profuse bleeding) was considered as complete disease resolution., Results: After 3 months, a statistically significant improvement of all parameters were recorded in each group (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between test and control procedures (p > 0.05). At 3 months, 85% of test implants and 70% of control implants resulted in disease resolution. Residual implants with PiM in control group displayed a greater number of BOP-positive sites when compared with those of test group (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Whitin the limitations of the present study, results indicate that the clinical parameters improved following non-surgical mechanical debridement regardless the adjunct of spermidine and calcium chloride gel. Nevertheless complete resolution of PiM was not obtained in both experimental groups., Clinical Relevance: Although no statistically significant differences were found between test and control procedures, the adjunctive application of spermidine and calcium chloride gel to non-surgical mechanical debridement may be considered in order to reduce the number of sites with BOP-positive., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Among the various hip fracture predictors explored to date, modifiable risk factors warrant special consideration, since they present promising targets for preventative measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess various modifiable risk factors., Material and Methods: We searched four online databases in September 2017. We included studies that reported on modifiable lifestyle risk factors for sustaining fragility hip fractures. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) adult patients with osteoporotic hip fracture, (2) original study, (3) availability of full text articles in English, and (4) report of a modifiable lifestyle risk factor., Results: Thirty-five studies, containing 1,508,366 subjects in total, were included in this study. The modifiable risk factors that were significantly associated with an increased risk of hip fracture were the following: weight < 58 kg (128 lbs) (pooled OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.62-9.90), underweight body mass index (BMI) (< 18.5) (pooled OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.82-4.39), consumption of ≥ 3 cups of coffee daily (pooled OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.04-4.97), inactivity (pooled OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.21-3.77), weight loss (pooled OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.32-2.68), consumption of ≥ 27 g (approx. > 2 standard drinks) alcohol per day (pooled OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12-2.13), and being a current smoker (pooled OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22-1.85). Conversely, two factors were significantly associated with a decreased risk of hip fracture: obese BMI (> 30) (pooled OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.99) and habitual tea drinking (pooled OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66-0.80)., Conclusion: Modifiable factors may be utilized clinically to provide more effective lifestyle interventions for at risk populations. We found that low weight and underweight BMI carried the highest risk, followed by high coffee consumption, inactivity, weight loss, and high daily alcohol consumption., (© 2021. The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research.)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the presence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in peri-implantitis lesions. Method and materials: A total of 141 individuals were included in this study, of which 40 had clinically healthy implants (group H); the remaining were associated with peri-implantitis (group P). Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using absorbent paper, followed by a dental plaque sample from the peri-implant sulcus/pocket using a titanium curette. The samples were transferred into an Eppendorf tube. Each specimen was divided into two parts. One part was examined under a light microscope at a 10 × and 40 × magnification to detect parasites. The other part was spread on a microscope slide, stained with Giemsa stain, and examined under a microscope at 100 × magnification. Pearson chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of data, with a significance level of P < .05. Results: Although there was no presence of parasite around the healthy implants, two parasites were detected in periimplantitis lesions. Out of 101 lesions, 31 (30.7%) showed E gingivalis, and 34 (33.6%) presented with T tenax. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of E gingivalis and demographic data including gender, education status, frequency of dental visits, and brushing frequency. Presence of T tenax in lesions was correlated with frequency of dental visits (P < .05). It was observed that E gingivalis and T tenax were mostly detected in the mandible (P = .004 and .014, respectively) in comparison with the maxilla. Conclusion: This study showed that peri-implantitis lesions were involved with E gingivalis and T tenax, in contrast to the healthy areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review was performed to analyze evidence from the scientific literature of the adjunctive effect of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM). Only randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotics as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in PiM were included. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science to identify articles published in English up to January 2023. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JADAD scale, and the risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 159 potentially relevant studies, only 9 studies were included. The most commonly used strain was Lactobacillus reuteri, and the meta-analysis was conducted on studies with a follow-up period of 3 to 6 months, observing an overall effect on the reduction of bleeding on probing (BOP) at 3 and 6 months (WMD = −1.13, 95% CI = −1.95 to −0.30, p = 0.007; and WMD = −1.32, 95% CI = −2.15 to −0.48, p = 0.002), plaque index (PI) at 3 months (WMD = −1.22, 95% CI = −2.25 to −0.19, p = 0.02), and probing pocket depth (PPD) at 3 and 6 months, which was statistically significant in favor of the probiotic group (WMD = −1.34, 95% CI = −2.42 to −0.25, p = 0.02 and WMD = −1.36, 95% CI = −2.61 to −0.11, p = 0.03). On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the subgingival microflora around the implants with the use of probiotics. Probiotic therapy, as an adjunct to mechanical debridement, promotes a greater reduction in BOP, PPD, and PI, in relation to the control group without probiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We performed two-step multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the mediating role of lifestyle factors in educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density (BMD). Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European lineages were used. Coffee intake and processed-meat intake mediated the association between EA and BMD. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the potential mediating roles of lifestyle factors in the expected EA–BMD relationship. By identifying modifiable lifestyle factors, we hope to provide relevant information to prevent osteoporosis or low BMD in the less educated population. Methods: Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major European lineages, one- and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate the association between EA (in the social sciences genetic association consortium (SSGAC) involving 766,345 individuals and in the UK Biobank (UKB) involving 293,723 individuals) and BMD (in the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium involving 426,824 individuals selected from the UKB). The EA variable in both consortia were expressed by years of schooling completed. Two-step multivariable MR was used to assess the mediating roles of eight lifestyle-related factors (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, watching television, computer using, smoking initiation, coffee intake, alcohol intake frequency, tea intake, and processed-meat intake) in the EA and BMD association, and the corresponding mediating proportion was calculated. Meta-analysis was used to present a pooled estimate. Results: A total of 317 and 73 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GWAS significance (P < 5.0 × 10−8) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) for EA in the SSGAC and UKB, respectively. A total of 513 SNPs were selected as IVs for the BMD. The results of one- and two-sample MR revealed that the genetically predicted BMD increased by 0.094 and 0.047 g/cm2, respectively, in response to each SD increment of genetically predicted schooling years. Among the eight candidate mediators, coffee intake and processed-meat intake were potential mediators revealed by the two-step multivariable MR analysis, mediating 26.87% and 23.92% of EA's effect on BMD, respectively. Meta-analysis showed consistent findings. Results of sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of our findings. Conclusion: We elucidated the causal protective effect of EA on BMD and the mediating roles of coffee intake and processed-meat intake. Intervening with these factors can potentially reduce the burden of bone density loss or osteoporotic fractures among the less educated population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Analysis of the 3‐dimensional implant position, the bone defect morphology, and the soft tissue situation guides the decision to preserve or to remove an implant with a severe peri‐implantitis lesion. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and to comprehensively illustrate the treatment options focusing on peri‐implant bone regeneration in presence of severe peri‐implant bone loss. Methods: A database search was performed independently by the two reviewers to identify case reports, case series, cohort, retrospective, and prospective studies about peri‐implant bone regeneration with a follow‐up of at least 6 months. Of the 344 studies issued during the database analysis, 96 publications were selected by the authors for this review. Results: Deproteinized bovine bone mineral remains the best documented material for defect regeneration in peri‐implantitis in combination with or without a barrier membrane. While studies using autogenous bone in peri‐implantitis therapy are rarely found, they do report favorable potential of vertical bone regeneration. Moreover, while membranes are an inherent part of the guided bone regeneration, a 5‐year follow‐up study demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvements with and without a membrane. The administration of systemic antibiotics is frequently performed in clinical studies observing regenerative surgical peri‐implantitis therapy, but the analysis of the literature does not support a positive effect of this medication. Most studies for regenerative peri‐implantitis surgery recommend the removal of the prosthetic rehabilitation and the use a marginal incision with a full‐thickness access flap elevation. This allows for a good overview for regenerative procedures with a certain risk of wound dehiscences and incomplete regeneration. An alternative approach referring to the poncho technique may reduce the risk of dehiscence. The effectiveness of implant surface decontamination might have an impact on peri‐implant bone regeneration without any clinical superiority of a certain technique. Conclusion: The available literature reveals that the success of peri‐implantitis therapy is limited to the reduction of bleeding on probing, the improvement of the peri‐implant probing depth and a small amount of vertical defect fill. On this basis, no specific recommendations for bone regeneration in surgical peri‐implantitis therapy can be made. Innovative approaches for flap design, surface decontamination, bone defect grafting material, and soft tissue augmentation should be followed closely to find advanced techniques for favorable peri‐implant bone augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is the most widely used technique for overcoming the deficiency of alveolar bone. However, the progression of peri‐implantitis in regenerative and pristine bone sites has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to compare experimental peri‐implantitis around implants placed in pristine bone and GBR sites. Methods: Bilateral mandibular first molars were extracted from six beagle dogs, and standardized horizontal ridge defect was simultaneously created at predetermined site in unilateral mandible. After 8 weeks, guided bone regeneration procedure was conducted at the defect site. After 16 weeks, implants (ϕ 3.6×8.0 mm) were placed at both extracted sites. This study included 3 months of active breakdown and another 3 months of spontaneous progression period. Radiographs were taken at each phase and specimens were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical, and polarized light microscopic analysis. Results: Marginal bone loss around implant did not show the significant differences between pristine bone and GBR sites during spontaneous progression period. In immunohistochemical analysis, inflammatory and immune‐related cells were predominantly detected in peri‐implantitis‒affected area rather than unaffected area. In the polarized light microscopic analysis, substantial reductions in the amount and thickness of collagen fibers were observed in peri‐implantitis‒affected area compared with unaffected tissues. However, there were no significant differences in histological, immunohistochemical, polarized light microscopic outcomes between pristine bone and GBR sites. Conclusion: Previous hard tissue grafting at the implant sites did not affect experimental peri‐implantitis and exhibited similar radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and polarized light microscopic outcomes compared with those of pristine bone sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a family of designs and numerical simulations of cubic elastic metamaterials inspired by lipidic cubic phases (LCPs). Since LCPs are triply periodic minimal surfaces spontaneously formed in natural physical and chemical processes, our designs can be suitable candidates for high-throughput fabrication through self-assembly. This potential advantage may overcome the challenge of time cost in the traditional unit-by-unit additive manufacturing processes. We analyze the bio-inspired designs of primitive, gyroid, and diamond configurations by focusing on their geometry, symmetry, and elastic behaviors. We lay out the detailed numerical simulation procedures to extract the effective macroscopic elastic moduli of cubic metamaterials. We proceed with parametric studies regarding internal surface thickness and constituent base material properties. We also discuss their implications in terms of the metamaterials' isotropy and compressibility. Our results can provide guidelines for next-generation elastic metamaterials that can be massively produced with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The recently published Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of stages I–IV periodontitis provided evidence‐based recommendations for treating periodontitis patients, defined according to the 2018 classification. Peri‐implant diseases were also re‐defined in the 2018 classification. It is well established that both peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis are highly prevalent. In addition, peri‐implantitis is particularly challenging to manage and is accompanied by significant morbidity. Aim: To develop an S3 level CPG for the prevention and treatment of peri‐implant diseases, focusing on the implementation of interdisciplinary approaches required to prevent the development of peri‐implant diseases or their recurrence, and to treat/rehabilitate patients with dental implants following the development of peri‐implant diseases. Materials and Methods: This S3 level CPG was developed by the European Federation of Periodontology, following methodological guidance from the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation process. A rigorous and transparent process included synthesis of relevant research in 13 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, formulation of specific recommendations, and a structured consensus process involving leading experts and a broad base of stakeholders. Results: The S3 level CPG for the prevention and treatment of peri‐implant diseases culminated in the recommendation for implementation of various different interventions before, during and after implant placement/loading. Prevention of peri‐implant diseases should commence when dental implants are planned, surgically placed and prosthetically loaded. Once the implants are loaded and in function, a supportive peri‐implant care programme should be structured, including periodical assessment of peri‐implant tissue health. If peri‐implant mucositis or peri‐implantitis are detected, appropriate treatments for their management must be rendered. Conclusion: The present S3 level CPG informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers and, indirectly, the public on the available and most effective modalities to maintain healthy peri‐implant tissues, and to manage peri‐implant diseases, according to the available evidence at the time of publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkenylbenzenes are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites. While some of them are proven genotoxic carcinogens, other derivatives need further evaluation to clarify their toxicological properties. Furthermore, data on the occurrence of various alkenylbenzenes in plants, and especially in food products, are still limited. In this review, we tempt to give an overview of the occurrence of potentially toxic alkenylbenzenes in essential oils and extracts from plants used for flavoring purposes of foods. A focus is layed on widely known genotoxic alkenylbenzenes, such as safrole, methyleugenol, and estragole. However, essential oils and extracts that contain other alkenylbenzenes and are also often used for flavoring purposes are considered. This review may re-raise awareness of the need for quantitative occurrence data for alkenylbenzenes in certain plants but especially in final plant food supplements, processed foods, and flavored beverages as the basis for a more reliable exposure assessment of alkenylbenzenes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare resolution of inflammation of naturally occurring peri‐implant mucositis (PM) at tissue‐level (TL) and bone‐level (BL) implants after non‐surgical mechanical debridement. Materials and Methods: Fifty‐four patients with 74 Implants with PM were allocated in two groups (39 TL and 35 BL implants) and treated by means of subgingival debridement using a sonic scaler with a plastic tip without adjunctive measures. At baseline and at 1, 3, 6 months, the full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and modified plaque index (mPlI) were recorded. The primary outcome was BOP change. Results: After 6 months, the FMPS, FMBS, PD, and number of implants with plaque decreased statistically significantly in each group (p <.05); however, no statistically significant differences were found between TL and BL implants (p >.05). After 6 months, 17 (43.6%) TL and 14 (40%) BL implants showed a BOP change in (17.9%) and (11.4%), respectively. No statistical difference was recorded between groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of present study, the findings showed no statistically significant differences in terms of changes in clinical parameters following non‐surgical mechanical treatment of PM at TL and BL implants. A complete resolution of PM (i.e., no BOP at all implant sites) was not achieved in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a comprehensive patient examination, including the assessment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases as well as considering the patient's needs, a pretherapeutic prognosis for each tooth and implant is given. Teeth and implants with a secure pretherapeutic prognosis require simple procedures and may be regarded as secure abutments for function and with a doubtful pretherapeutic prognosis usually need a comprehensive therapy. Such teeth and implants must be brought into the category with a secure prognosis by means of additional therapy such as endodontic, restorative, and surgical procedures. Teeth and implants with a hopeless pretherapeutic prognosis should be extracted/explanted during the initial phase of cause-related therapy (i.e., infection control). For example, teeth with vertical root fracture or unrestorable caries and implants with mobility or unrestorable malposition fall into the category of hopeless units. The primary goal of periodontal and peri-implant therapy should be to arrest disease progression. The latest consensus statement highlights that periodontitis can be successfully controlled and treated teeth can be retained for life. Nevertheless, for patients with uncontrolled contributing factors, the endpoints might not always be achievable, and low disease activity may be an acceptable therapeutic goal. Similarly, the management of peri-implantitis frequently requires surgical intervention following nonsurgical therapy due to incomplete treatment outcomes. Different surgical modalities can be effective and lead to significant improvement; however, achieving complete resolution of peri-implantitis is challenging, not always predictable, and can depend on multiple baseline factors. Therefore, this review aims at summarising available evidence on the rationale for incorporating systemic, lifestyle-related, clinical, and radiographic prognostic factors into treatment planning of patients diagnosed with periodontal and peri-implant diseases., (Periodontology 2000© 2024 The Author(s). Periodontology 2000 published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In the era of personalized/precision health care, additional effort is being expended to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms of disease processes. How these mechanisms are affected by individual genetics, environmental exposures, and behavioral choices will encompass an expanding role in the future of optimally preventing and treating diseases. Considering saliva as an important biological fluid for analysis to inform oral disease detection/description continues to expand. This review provides an overview of saliva as a diagnostic fluid and the features of various biomarkers that have been reported. We emphasize the use of salivary biomarkers in periodontitis and transport the reader through extant literature, gaps in knowledge, and a structured approach toward validating and determine the utility of biomarkers in periodontitis. A summation of the findings support the likelihood that a panel of biomarkers including both host molecules and specific microorganisms will be required to most effectively identify risk for early transition to disease, ongoing disease activity, progression, and likelihood of response to standard periodontal therapy. The goals would be to develop predictive algorithms that serve as adjunctive diagnostic tools which provide the clinician and patient important information for making informed clinical decisions., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between peri-implant diseases and systemic inflammation assessed by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a sample of patients with hypertension., Methods: A total of 151 participants with hypertension were included in a cross-sectional study. The population was divided into six groups according to their peri-implant and periodontal status (healthy controls, mucositis, peri-implantitis, periodontitis, periodontitis and mucositis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis). Linear, logistic regression, and correlation analyses were performed., Results: CRP levels were statistically significantly higher in participants with periodontitis alone (median 3.2 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 1.8, p = 0.012), combined with mucositis (3.10 mg/L, IQR 2.35, p < 0.001) or peri-implantitis (2.7 mg/L, IQR 2.53, p = 0.002) when compared to the healthy controls (1 mg/L, IQR 1.2). This association was independent of age, sex, smoking status, and adiposity differences. Participants with periodontitis with and without peri-implant diseases had the greatest odds of exhibiting CRP > 3 mg/L (odds ratio = 7.3, 95% confidence interval 1.6-33.9)., Conclusions: Peri-implant diseases are associated with systemic inflammation, but the nature of the association should be further investigated., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.)

The present systematic review evaluated the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Studies comparing the outcome of conventional surgical- or nonsurgical mechanical debridement with the addition of an adjunctive therapeutic modality were identified through an electronic and hand search of available literature. Following data extraction, meta-analyses were performed on the primary outcome measures. The effects of the adjunctive therapies on bleeding on probing (13 studies), probing pocket depth (9 studies), and radiographic bone level changes (7 studies) were analyzed to evaluate potential clinical benefit. Heterogeneity was expressed as the I2 index. Fixed and random effect models were demonstrated. The potential benefit of adjunctive therapies over control procedures was evaluated in 18 studies, representing a total of 773 implants. Quality assessment of the studies found only 3 studies to be at a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis among the different additional modalities revealed chemical therapy demonstrating significant effects in probing pocket depth reduction (0.58 mm; 0.44–0.72) and radiographic bone level gain (0.54 mm; 0.16–0.92). No significant improvements in bleeding on probing reduction were found using any adjunctive therapy. Available evidence on the benefits of adjunctive therapy to nonsurgical or surgical mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis is limited by low numbers of standardized, controlled studies for individual therapies, heterogeneity between studies, and a variety of outcome measures. The lack of effect of any adjunctive therapy in reducing bleeding on probing questions the overall effectiveness over conventional treatment. The long-term clinical benefit potential of these therapies is not demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential clinical applications of probiotics in preventing and treating various oral infections, particularly those related to biofilm formation. It highlights the role of specific pathogenic bacteria like Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral infections. The text also explores the use of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus strains, to counteract biofilm-related oral diseases, although further research is needed to establish their efficacy in treating conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis. [Extracted from the article]

The PainDETECT Questionnaire (PD-Q) is a self-reported questionnaire aiming to assist in detecting neuropathic pain in individual patients. However, measurement properties of the Norwegian translated version should be examined, and the aim of the present study was to examine its test-retest reliability. A total of 107 patients were initially recruited to the study from physiotherapy clinics. After screening for inclusion- and exclusion criteria, 67 participants remained for examining reliability of separate items. They were to fill out the PD-Q twice at an interval of 14 days. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) of total scores, and Kappa statistics and percentage of agreement of separate items and screening data were used in the analysis. Fifty-two participants filled out all items correctly, a prerequisite for determining the reliability of the total score and screening category. The ICC for the total score was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.91), SEM 2.5. The Kappa value for the screening category was 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.31–0.69), and percentage of agreement 69%. Single items were found with reasonable to substantial reliability. The Norwegian version of the PD-Q showed good test-retest reliability for the total score, but only moderate reliability of the screening category classifying the likelihood of neuropathic pain. The high number of missing answers indicates that some guidance from a health care professional is needed when filling out the questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This randomized clinical trial assessed changes in protein biomarker levels and bacterial profiles after surgical reconstructive therapy of peri‐implantitis and investigated whether the adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser impacts protein biomarker and microbial outcomes. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four patients received surgical reconstructive therapy for peri‐implantitis with guided bone regeneration following mechanical debridement with (test) or without (control) the adjunctive irradiation of Er:YAG laser. Bacterial and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were collected over 6 months and analyzed with bacterial qPCR and luminex multiplex assays. Results: Surgical reconstructive treatment significantly affected the concentration of PICF protein biomarkers, including a 50% reduction in IL‐1β between 2 and 4 weeks (p <.0001). Both MMP‐9 (p <.001) and VEGF (p <.05) levels steadily decreased after treatment. In the laser group, the peak increase in IL‐1β was attenuated at 2 weeks, followed by significant reduction in MMP‐9 (p <.01) and VEGF (p <.05) across all follow‐up appointments compared with the control nonlaser group. The total bacterial load was reduced 2 weeks after treatment, especially in the laser group, but recolonized to presurgical levels after 4 weeks in both groups (p <.01). The composition of selective pathogens varied significantly over the follow‐up, but recolonization patterns did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Reconstructive therapy of peri‐implantitis significantly altered PICF protein biomarker and microbial levels during the healing process. The adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser significantly modulated the inflammatory response through reduced levels of MMP‐9 and VEGF during the postsurgical period. The bacterial load was reduced immediately after therapy, but recolonization was observed by 4 weeks in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implants have evolved in terms of shape, size, and surface in order to optimize the success rate. Exploring the antioxidant levels around different surface treated dental implants is essential for improving their performance. The purpose of this study was to detect and measure the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme among SLA, SLActive and TiUnite implant surfaces. Materials and methods: Subjects with healthy dental implant were categorized into Group 1: SLA (n=25), Group 2: SLActive (n=25), Group 3: TiUnite (n=25). Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected and SOD was quantified using an ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc. Results and discussion: The SOD level was low in group 3 (204.73±1.96 pg/mL), followed by group 1 (216.32±2.40 pg/mL) and group 2 (240.67±7.09 pg/mL). Difference in SOD levels was observed on comparing the groups (p = 0.00). Also, pairwise comparison showed a statistically significant difference among groups (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Superoxide dismutase level in peri-implant crevicular fluid was low around the TiUnite dental implant, compared to SLA and SLActive implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inflammation that occurs as part of body's response to implant-tissue contact can result in oxidative stress. Therefore, exploring the oxidative stress around different surface treated dental implants is essential to improve the performance of implants. The purpose of this study was to detect and measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker in SLA, SLActive and TiUnite implant surfaces. Materials and methods: Subjects with healthy dental implant were categorized into Group 1: SLA (n=25), Group 2: SLActive (n=25), Group 3: TiUnite (n=25). Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected and MDA was quantified using ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed using oneway ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc. Results and discussion: The MDA level was high in group 3 (6.49±0.29 nmol/mL), followed by group 1 (5.37±0.47 nmol/mL) and group 2 (4.37±0.22 nmol/mL). There was a significant difference in MDA levels between the three groups (p = 0.00). Also, pairwise comparison showed a statistically significant difference among groups (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Malondialdehyde level in peri-implant crevicular fluid was high around the TiUnite dental implant, compared to SLA and SLActive implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study was aimed at comparing implants installed with guided and conventional surgery. Material and methods: Twenty-nine total edentulous patients were selected, and maxillary contralateral quadrants were randomly assigned to static computer-aided implant surgery (S-CAIS): flapless computer-guided surgery, and conventional surgery (CS): flap surgery with conventional planning. Tomography scans were performed at baseline and 10 days after the surgery for deviation measurement, and radiography was done at baseline and after 6 and 12 months, for peri-implant bone level (PIBL) analysis. Peri-implant fluid and subgingival biofilm were collected to evaluate bone markers and periodontal pathogens. Results: S-CAIS showed less linear deviation at the apical point and the midpoint and less angular deviation (p < 0.05), with greater depth discrepancy in the positioning of the platform (p < 0.05). Higher values of vertical PIBL were observed for the S-CAIS group at baseline (p < 0.05), while lower values of horizontal PIBL were observed for CS (p < 0.05). Bone markers and Tf presented higher levels in CS (p < 0.05). Flapless S-CAIS allowed smaller linear and angular deviations than the conventional technique. Conclusion: However, PIBL was higher in S-CAIS; the conventional technique led to a greater angiogenic and bone remodeling activity by elevating the angiogenic levels and bone markers. Clinical relevance: Evaluating the different implant insertion techniques can guide clinical and surgical regarding the accuracy, the release pattern of bone markers, and the peri-implant bone level. Trial registration: ReBEC-RBR-8556fzp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]