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Islam is a complete code for life. It offers comprehensive and universal guidance related to moral, economic and social aspects of human life. One of the main goal of Islam is to achieve social peace, for this purpose Quran has various Devine orders. The verse-31 of Surah AlMaidah has detailed all serious crimes in society that lead to polarization at the collective and individual level. Terrorism is also one of those crimes. Some scholars have explained the meaning of the word riot (Fasād’harāba) as terrorism. In this article, this study has been presented that although terrorism is a serious form of riot, it is not a substitute for the Qur'anic term due to several reasons. The purpose of this research paper is to study the term riot and terrorism and to conduct analysis whether these terms may or may not be used alternatively. The research paper is followed by descriptive and analytical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muslim countries are bestowed with abundant natural resources. They have fertile lands and vast water and mineral resources which play a vital role in their economic development. The agricultural sector has remained a backbone for the economy of most of the Muslim countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic and Guinea-Bissau etc. Some Muslim countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Pakistan are focusing on their industrial development. Muslim countries are also following liberal market policy to attain the rewards of a dynamic economy. Natural resources, especially oil and gas, have a large contribution to the GDP and foreign exchange earnings of Muslim countries such as Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Iraq, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and Libya etc. A few Muslim countries such as Qatar and Oman are attaining increasing and stable GDP and per-capita income growth. The main reason for this growth is the abundance of natural resources. Furthermore, they are focusing on the development of industry, construction and service sectors. It is the need of time that Muslim countries should enhance their cooperation in industry, trade and investment. They should work together to set up an economic union for the integration and development of Muslim countries. The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the economic structure of Muslim countries. This research work will add a new asset to the literature. It will contribute to the field of Islamic Economics. It will help readers learn about the main economic feature of Muslim countries. The research paper follows content analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles in aquatic bodies cause serious harm to the aquatic organisms when accumulated in high amounts. However, green nanoparticles synthesized using plants can be less toxic as compared to chemical nanoparticles. Hence, we designed our study to investigate the toxicological effects of chemical and green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the biological activity of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. The green ZnO NPs were synthesized from Solieria robusta, and chemical ZnO NPs were synthesized using zinc chloride solution and ammonium hydroxide. Characterization was done by using light microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared radiation, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The highest absorbance of nanoparticles was observed at 360 which confirmed the synthesis of ZnO. The SEM analysis showed that green nanoparticles were hexagonal while the chemical nanoparticles were spherical to cubic in shape. Definite peaks were observed in XRD of green and chemical NPs at 2θ angles 45.84° and 32.18°, respectively. Oxidative stress was determined by chemical analysis of catalase, glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities. The toxicological effects of chemical ZnO NPs on the catalase, LPO, GST, and GSH activities were more than green ZnO NPs. The histopathological investigation proved that the effect of chemical nanoparticles was worse than green ZnO NPs. More tissue damage was found in chemical nanoparticles than green synthesized nanoparticles. It was concluded that chemical nanoparticles can be replaced by green nanoparticles, as green nanoparticles are eco‐friendly with less toxicological effects. This replacement can limit the toxic effect of nanoparticles when they get accumulated in high amounts in water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed to explore the economic viewpoints of late Dr. Maḥmūd Aḥmad Ghāzī in the context of contemporary economic issues. Appling descriptive and analytical research methodology, the writer has tried to describe and analyze Ghāzī’s approach towards contemporary economic issues. Being an Islamic scholar and keeping deep insight into Islamic economics, he highlights contemporary economic issues and, in the light of Qur’ān and Sunnah, suggests their solution. In the present era, Muslim Ummah confronts various economic issues for example: the effect and promulgation of capitalistic system, social demotion, the violation of ethical values in economy, the practice of financial corruption in trade, concentration of wealth, interest-based fiscal system and interest-based banking system etc. Dr. Ghāzī describes the importance of Islamic teachings in the economy. He discusses the importance of moral values. He throws light on the key role of state in the economy. He mentions the factors and causes that strengthen the concentration of wealth. He also considers it an essential responsibility of a state to ensure the provision of economic needs of a common man in an optimized way. He deems it the responsibility of the society, along with the state, to fulfill the needs of the needy through zakāt, ‘ushar and charity. He presents the concept of sustainable economic development. He considers it essential that a man, along with material progress, must bear in mind his spiritual, moral and civilizational demands. According to him, banking system may get rid of interest by making maximum use of Muḍārabah and Mushārakah. The narrative style of Dr. Ghāzī is simple and lucid. This research concludes that Dr. Ghāzī was an eminent scholar, and he has addressed almost all important economic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) results in the unintentional release into the water body. Therefore, understanding of the potentially harmful impacts of AgNPs and Ag‐salt on aquatic animals is a need of time. This study was design to analyze the oxidative stress and histopathological damages in Cyprinus carpio. The synthesis of AgNPs from Halymenia porphyraeformis and by reduction of chemical was done. Nanoparticles were characterized with UV–Visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. The comparative toxicological effect of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ch‐AgNPs), green silver nanoparticles (Gr‐AgNPs), and Ag‐salt on C. carpio was analyzed. For oxidative stress analysis, different tests Lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, glutathione reduction (GST), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) were performed. The highest LPO 245.168 ± 0.034 was recorded in Ch‐AgNPs‐treated gills and the lowest 56.4532 ± 0.02 was found in Gr‐AgNPs‐treated liver. Maximum GSH 56.4065 ± 0.13 was observed in Gr‐AgNPs liver and minimum 40.781 ± 0.54 was recorded in Ag‐salt gills. The maximum quantity of catalase 68.0162 ± 0.09 was noted in the Ag‐salt‐treated liver and the minimum was calculated 17.3665 ± 0.01 in the liver of Ch‐AgNPs and highest values of GST 765.829 ± 0.11 were recorded in gills of Gr‐AgNPs and lowest 633.08 ± 0.26 in the liver of Ch‐AgNPs‐treated fish. In conclusion, maximum destruction was found in the gills and liver of the fish treated with chemical and green AgNPs followed by Ag‐salt as compared to control. The adverse effects of AgNPs and Ag‐salt were probably related to the oxidative stress in the fish that lead to histopathological damage of its vital organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic perspective asserts that a woman plays an important role in economic development of a nation. Nevertheless, in Pakistan, women face various types of harassment at workplace. Harassment is an offensive behavior which makes an environment painfully unfriendly. In the Pakistani society, women face personal harassment which includes the use of inappropriate language and bullying at workplace. The victim may be subjected to unwanted and insulting remarks. Harassment may be both psychological and sexual in nature. There are many reasons of harassment such as male dominated society, lack of women power and unfavorable working environment. Harassment makes a woman’s job more difficult and undermines her potential to contribute in the economic development of her country. Holy Prophet (SAW) detested insult, degradation and sexual harassment. Rather, He (SAW) bestowed upon women the rights of ownership, dignity, protection and liberty which encourage women to participate in economic activities vigorously. The purpose of writing this research paper is to describe the workplace harassment of women in Pakistan, its reasons and eradication in the light of teachings of Islam. This research paper follows content analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the economic participation of women in Pakistan. It states that Islamic wisdom indicates that a woman plays an important role in economic development education; and economic participation of women can lead to reduction of poverty, assurance of equality, and good governance in socio-economic policies. It is stated that Pakistan government encourages women's education and their economic participation, and their education can lead to the development of human capital.

Economic globalization has both negative and positive impact on the economy of Pakistan. In order to encourage free trade, tariffs were decreased under the framework of World Trade Organization (WTO) which had a negative impact on the tax structure of developing countries. For instance, in Pakistan, the decrease in tariff has been compensated with an increase in General Sales Tax (GST) and direct tax. Instead of compensating the decrease in tariff with GST and other taxes, Pakistan should improve its exports by enhancing the quality of its products, particularly textile. European Union has included Pakistan in the Generalized Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+), which may result in the betterment of the economy of Pakistan, good quality of products and increase in export and revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective and optimal decision-making can enhance system performance, potentially leading to a positive reputation and financial gains. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important research topic widely applied to practical decision-making problems. Using the basic idea of symmetry to balance the arrangement where elements or features have an equality or similarity in distribution, MCDM provides robust decisions in such multi-dimensional complex issues. This study proposes MultiFuzzTOPS, a decision-making model to deal with complexity of multi-criteria decision-making. The proposed MultiFuzzTOPS leverages the fuzzy logic and soft sets such as type-2 soft sets (T2SS) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for decision-making. We validate the proposed model by implementing it to solve the pesticide selection problem in food science by considering various criteria for the selection of pesticides. Our proposed MultiFuzzTOPS recommends the best pesticide compared with its counterparts because it covers the maximum information for the selection of the best alternative. Results are ranked on the basis of the Hamming distance and similarity coefficient. We also validate the effectiveness by performing the sensitivity analysis, and the validation shows the reliability and effectiveness of our proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for energy is increasing at an abrupt pace, which has highly strained the power system, especially with high share of power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). This increasing strain needs to be effectively managed for a continuous and smooth operation of the power system network. Generation and demand exhibit a strong correlation that directly creates an impact on the power system frequency. Fluctuations and disruptions in load frequency can manifest themselves as over-voltages and physical damages in the power grid and, in the worst case, can lead to blackouts. Thus, this paper proposed an effective solution to mitigate the load frequency problem(s), which is initiated by the changing load demand under high penetration of RES. This paper presented an improved cascaded structure, the proportional integral with a fractional operator coupled with proportional derivative PI − FO P + PD . The proposed FO P + PD modifies the (1+PD) controller by introducing fractional properties that improve its tracking efficiency and mitigate frequency fluctuations taking minimal time. The introduction of FO P   β diversifies its tracking and overall controlling ability, which translates it as a significant controller. The controller optimal parameters are extracted by deploying a dragonfly search algorithm (DSA). The study of the results illustrates that the proposed design displays efficient performance under any disturbance or uncertainty in the power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]