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Background : Beyond memory deterioration, spatial disorientation may occur along the continuum of normal aging-dementia of Alzheimer's type. The present study aims at detecting behavioral disorders of spatial cognition in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) and verifying the association between Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (ApoE-ε4) genotype and gait patterns during a real-world naturalistic task. Methods : A sample of 58 elderly participants, of which 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment with CFS biomarker evidence of AD, 23 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 15 healthy controls (HCs), was tested by a modified version of the Detour Navigation Test (DNT-mv). Generalized linear models were run to explore the association between group belonging and wrong turns (WTs)/moments of hesitation (MsH) as behavioral disorientation scores of the DNT-mv as well as the effect of ApoE-ε4 genotype on time and walking speed registered by a smartphone app providing GPS tracking of body movement around urban environments. Results : Patients with MCI due to AD reported more WTs than individuals with SCD and HCs. Further, the ApoE-ε4 genotype determined a lower capacity in spatial information processing, influencing gait during naturalistic spatial navigation tasks. Conclusions : Behavior alterations of spatial cognition can be detected ecologically in prodromal AD. The use of technological solutions supporting gait analysis may help in corroborating the experimental observation.

Background: Spatial navigation deficits are reported as early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) alongside episodic memory ones. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether neuropsychological deficits of visuospatial long-term memory can predict behavioral alterations during the navigation of older adults in novel urban environments along the normal aging-dementia continuum of the Alzheimer's type., Methods: A total of 24 community-dwelling patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to AD, 27 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 21 healthy controls were assessed in terms of their sequential egocentric and allocentric navigation abilities by using a modified version of the Detour Navigation Test, and neuropsychologically tested by the Corsi learning suvra-span (CLSS) test. Generalized linear models were adopted to verify whether the scores obtained by the three groups in the CLSS test predicted wrong turns and moments of hesitation during the navigation task, with the results presented as topographical disorientation scores., Results: Higher scores in the CLSS test predicted fewer wrong turns ( b = -0.05; z = -2.91; p = 0.004; net of between-groups differences) and moments of hesitation for patients with MCI due to AD ( b = -0.14; z = -2.43; p = 0.015), and individuals with SCD ( b = -0.17; z = -3.85; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Since the CLSS test has been reported to be a reliable measure of ecological navigational abilities in the progression towards AD dementia, we recommend its use in clinical practice and highlight implications for future research.

(1) Background: Spatial cognition (SC) is one of the earliest cognitive domains to be impaired in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in spatial disorientation and becoming lost even in familiar surroundings as later dementia symptoms. To date, few studies have identified initial alterations of spatial navigation (SN) in the premorbid AD phase by real-world paradigms, and none have adopted an innovative technological apparatus to better detect gait alterations as well as physiological aspects correlated to spatial disorientation (SD). The present study aimed at exploring initial SN defects in patients with prodromal AD via a naturalistic task by using a sensory garment. (2) Methods: 20 community-dwelling patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to AD and 20 age/education controls were assessed on their sequential egocentric and allocentric navigation abilities by using a modified version of the Detour Navigation Test (DNT-mv). (3) Results: When compared to controls, patients with MCI due to AD exhibited higher wrong turns (WT) and moments of hesitation (MsH) in the DNT-mv, reflecting difficulties both in sequential egocentric and allocentric navigation, depending on hippocampal deterioration. Moreover, they reported more complaints about their SN competencies and lower long-term visuospatial memory abilities than controls. Remarkably, WTs and MsH manifested in the allocentric naturalistic task of the DNT-mv were associated with autonomic nervous system alteration pertaining to cardiac functioning in the whole sample. (4) Conclusions: Naturalistic navigation tests of hippocampal function using a continuous non-invasive monitoring device can provide early markers of spatial disorientation in patients with MCI due to AD. Future studies should develop cognitive remediation techniques able to enhance SC residual abilities in patients at high risk of conversion into dementia and ecological paradigms to be replicated on a large scale.

Purpose: This post hoc study aimed to assess the hypothesis that subjects with obesity could underestimate their body size., Methods: Data from a previous study with different aims were used to compare 22 female inpatients with obesity with 21 healthy-weight women in the size estimation accuracy of their shoulders, waist, and hips circumferences and widths. The body estimation task with an individualized metric methodology was used to collect data. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses were performed., Results: Samples differed significantly in the accuracy measures of shoulders width and hips as well as waist circumferences: inpatients with obesity underestimated them, while healthy-weight subjects estimated shoulders width accurately but overestimated their hips and waist circumferences. Multiple regression showed that the between-group difference in the accuracy measure of shoulders width was explained by the individuals' education level, while the difference in the accuracy measure of waist circumference resulted to be independent of both age and education level., Conclusion: This post hoc study supports the hypothesis that female patients with obesity might underestimate their body size. If these results will be confirmed in future studies, interventions specifically designed to equalize estimations to match the real measures of body size may play a key role in weight-reduction programs for people with obesity., Level of Evidence: Level III, evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the role of psychological inflexibility in the relationship between anxiety and depression and emotional eating in a sample of 123 inpatient Italian adult individuals with obesity. Participants completed the Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Psychological General Well-Being Inventory, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to assess anxiety and depression, psychological inflexibility, and emotional eating, respectively. Results showed that the indirect effect of PGWBI-A on DEBQ-EE through AAQ-II was significant [ b = -0.0155; SE = 0.076; 95% BC-CI (-0.0320 to -0.023)]. Similarly, the indirect effect of PGWBI-D on DEBQ-EE through AAQ-II was significant [ b = -0.0383; SE = 0.0207; 95% BC-CI (-0.0810 to -0.0002)]. These findings may help to plan and develop specific psychological interventions aimed at addressing emotional eating through targeting psychological inflexibility to be included in obesity treatment programs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Guerrini Usubini, Varallo, Giusti, Cattivelli, Granese, Consoli, Bastoni, Volpi and Castelnuovo.)

Purpose: This systematic review provides a summary of the available evidence of the efficacy of single-session therapy (SST) on anxiety disorders in both youth and adults. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar databases were search for relevant articles, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials was used for transparent reporting of the methodological quality of each selected study. Results: The search of electronic databases identified 18 reports based on rigorous inclusion criteria. Single-session therapy was found superior to no treatment in reducing anxiety symptoms, and similar results were observed while comparing SST to multi-treatment sessions. Discussion: The findings support the benefits of SST in enhancing cognitive, behavioral, and psychological outcomes in both youth and adults suffering from anxiety disorders across treatment conditions and approaches, SST thus appears to be a promising way of providing access to both private and public therapeutic services efficiently and cost-effectively. Conclusions: Single-session therapy is effective in treating anxiety disorders. Further research is required to quantify its cost-effectiveness and deepen the knowledge of effective treatment ingredients for both young people and the adult population suffering from diverse anxiety disorders. Systematic Review Registration : PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42021232024]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Bertuzzi, Fratini, Tarquinio, Cannistrà, Granese, Giusti, Castelnuovo and Pietrabissa.)

Background: As treatment of choice in promoting psychological flexibility, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was found to be effective in several conditions, and among different populations, including weight management in individuals with obesity. However, the mechanism of action of psychological flexibility is less known. The aim of the present study is, within the context of a brief ACT intervention for behavioral change and behavioral maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in a sample of inpatients with obesity, to explore the effect of each subcomponent of the psychological flexibility model on treatment processes and outcomes., Methods: A randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Ninety Italian adult inpatients with obesity attending a rehabilitation program for weight loss will be randomly allocated into three experimental conditions targeting respectively each subcomponent of the psychological flexibility model: group Engage focused on values-oriented behaviors, group Openness focused on acceptance and cognitive defusion, and group Awareness focused on being present and aware of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors at every moment. Weight, BMI (kg/m 2 ), the Psychological General Well-Being Inventory (PGWBI), the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ-45.2), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Brief Values Inventory (BVI), the Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ), the Italian-Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (I-CFQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) will be assessed at the beginning (time 0), at the end of psychological intervention (time 1), and after 3 (time 2) and 6 months (time 3) and 9 months (time 4) from discharge. During the following month after discharge, outpatients will be monitored in their adherence to a healthy lifestyle, using a wearable device. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, mixed between-within 3 (conditions) × 4 (times) repeated measure ANOVAs will be conducted to examine changes from time 0 to time 1, 2, 3, and 4 in means of weight, BMI, and means of scores PGWBI, OQ-45.2, DASS, DERS, DEBQ, AAQ-II, BVI, CAQ, I-CFQ, and FFMQ, between three groups., Discussion: This study will contribute to clarify the mechanism of action of each subcomponent of the psychological flexibility model and understand its impact on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04474509 . Registered on July 4, 2020.

Obesity is a global health problem that affects both physical and psychological health and well-being. Psychological flexibility is one of the key components related to psychological health. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of psychological flexibility on psychological well-being in a sample of 220 individuals with obesity. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the role of psychological flexibility in explaining psychological well-being, controlling for confounding factors (sex, age, and Body Mass Index). According to the results, psychological flexibility significantly explained psychological well-being. Our study provides additional evidence of the impact of psychological flexibility on psychological well-being. It also provides further support for the importance of integrating psychological flexibility in the psychological interventions for obesity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Guerrini Usubini, Varallo, Granese, Cattivelli, Consoli, Bastoni, Volpi, Castelnuovo and Molinari.)

Multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that usually invades the bone marrow replacing normal bone marrow and producing large amounts of light chains of immunoglobulins (Ig) [1]. Clinical manifestations are related to the accumulation of these proteins in vital organs such as kidney and heart. Pleural effusion may be a sign of chest involvement that occurs in approximately 6% of patients with Known multiple myeloma [2,3]. We present the case of an 80-year- old man with pleural effusion as first extra-medullary clinical presentation of an occult multiple myeloma., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Elderly patients suffering from chronic cardio-pulmonary diseases commonly experience acute respiratory failure. As in younger patients, a well-known therapeutic approach of noninvasive mechanical ventilation is able to prevent orotracheal intubation in a large number of severe scenarios in elderly patients. In addition, this type of ventilation is frequently applied in elderly patients who refuse intubation for invasive mechanical ventilation. The rate of failure of noninvasive ventilation may be reduced by means of the integration of new technological devices (i.e., high-flow nasal cannula, extracorporeal CO 2 removal, cough assistance and high-frequency chest wall oscillation, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy). Ethical issues with end-of-life decisions and the choice of the environment are not clearly defined in the treatment of elderly with acute respiratory insufficiency.

Investigations in a patient with new-onset pulmonary hypertension should include screening for undiagnosed malignancy http://bit.ly/2mrLmGM., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: M.R. Gioia has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: U. Maccari has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Marchetti has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Maglioni has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Ciarleglio has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: V. Granese has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Salerno has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Spagnoli has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: I. Zanellato has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.R. Ambrosio has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Bianco has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Scala has nothing to disclose., (Copyright ©ERS 2019.)

Background/Objectives: Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered one of the most effective interventions for the treatment of obesity. To achieve optimal long-term results, continuous follow-up (FU) within a multidisciplinary treatment team is essential to ensure patient compliance and maximize the benefits of BS. However, many patients find it difficult to maintain regular FU, which can affect the quality of care and lead to postoperative complications. This review aims to highlight factors that may hinder compliance with FU after BS, examine potential causes and consequences of inadequate FU, and identify strategies to improve patient participation in long-term FU. Methods: The literature search was conducted between October 2023 and June 2024 in Medline (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library datasets. Studies were selected for their relevance to adherence to FU, multidisciplinary approaches, and long-term bariatric outcomes. Results: The pre- and postoperative period is critical for educating patients and healthcare team members about the importance of FU, addressing potential barriers (e.g., logistical, psychological, and social challenges), and highlighting the risk of relapse to obesity after surgery. The lack of a standardized FU protocol leads to differences between medical centers, further impacting patient adherence. Conclusions: Tailored and regularly updated strategies are essential to address individual patient needs and improve adherence to FU. Further research is needed to identify the specific factors that influence variability in long-term BS outcomes, highlighting the need for a patient-centered approach to obesity treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several edible agro-industrial co-products have been studied as unconventional ingredients in ruminant diets to reduce the environmental impact of food production chains. When the chemical profile of co-products is characterised by the presence of bioactive molecules, they represent a promising tool to modulate rumen microbiota activity. In the Mediterranean area, the olive oil production chain generates olive oil pomace and olive tree leaves post-milling that are animal edible bio-waste. Two in vitro trials were carried out to investigate the effect of olive oil pomace and olive tree leaves as dietary ingredients on rumen fermentation and microbiome ecology. Two experimental diets, respectively containing olive oil pomace or olive tree leaves, and the related control diets, formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic, were fermented and then collected after 6h and 24h. Olive oil pomace increased the content of C18:1 c9 and C18:3 c9c12c15. Considering the microbial communities, the genera Butyrivibrio, Fibrobacter, and Pseudobutyrivibrio were less abundant, while Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Manheimia, Uruburuella were more abundant in rumen liquor fermented with olive oil pomace. Similarly, the diet containing olive tree leaves increased the content of C18:1 c9 and C18:3 c9c12c15 and decreased the abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Data reported in this study showed that the two by-products deriving from the olive oil production chain are effective in modulating microbial community in a selective manner. HIGHLIGHTS: Unconventional ingredients in dairy-ruminant feeding to valorise agro-industrial co-products. Unconventional feeds to improve the circularity of animal production chain. Olive oil pomace and olive tree leaves as tools to modulate rumen fermentation and increase the microbial synthesis of functional molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olive leaf by-products may be an important feed source for ruminants in the Mediterranean area, due to their nutritional value and high levels of functional metabolites. Additionally, their use can enhance the environmental and economic sustainability of the productions. To evaluate the effect of olive leaf supplementation on the fatty acid profile of sheep cheese, two farms with Comisana breed sheep with free access to pasture and fedwith 300 g/head/day of concentrate were considered. One farm supplemented the feed with clover hay ad libitum (NOL) and the other farm replaced hay with olive leaves (OLI) in the autumn period. Cheese analyses were performed at 15, 30, and 60 days of ripening. Saturated fatty acids were lower in OLI cheese than NOL cheese, while MUFA and PUFA n-3 and n-6 were higher in OLI cheese. Myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were lower in OLI cheese compared to NOL (8.31% vs. 8.90% and 21.52% vs. 24.95%, respectively), while oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) was higher in OLI cheese (20.66% vs. 18.78%). Also, CLA cis-9 trans-11 (0.98% vs. 0.84%), and other isomers were higher in OLI cheese. Health indexes, such as the thrombogenic and atherogenic index, were lower in OLI than in NOL cheese (1.96 vs. 2.38 and 1.69 vs. 2.05, respectively) showing the improvement in the health quality of cheese due to olive leaf integration in directly on farm sheep feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Examining mental health among nurses in the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic could offer valuable information for addressing these symptoms in the long term. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the mental health and well-being of Chinese nurses, as well as investigate the impact of psychological flexibility and night shifts on this relationship. Method: In cross-sectional, hospital-based, multicenter study, 422 Chinese nurses were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling. The mental health status, psychological flexibility, and wellbeing were assessed via 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Chinese version of Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index, and Chinese version of the 5-item WHO Well-Being Index, respectively. To examine the proposed theoretical model, we conducted structural equation modeling using SPSS Amos 26 version. The age, gender, night shift, psychological flexibility, mental health, and well-being data were entered into the model. Pearson correlation and chi-square were used to explore the correlation between variables. Results: The high night shifts, being young and low psychological flexibility significantly had a direct effect on worse mental health (night shifts: ES, 95% CI: 0.619, 0.328–0.725; age: ES, 95% CI: 0.542, 0.226–0.993; psychological flexibility: ES, 95% CI: 0.675, 0.369–1.466). The low psychological flexibility and worse mental health were able to directly effect on worse wellbeing (psychological flexibility: ES, 95% CI: 0.419, 0.757–1.519; mental health: ES, 95% CI: 0.719, 1.109–2.607). In addition, psychological flexibility through the mediation of mental health also had an indirect effect on wellbeing (ES, 95% CI: 0.269, 0.957–2.165). Conclusions: Being young, having more night shifts and having less psychological flexibility can be related to the deterioration of mental health and well-being in nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses use the shift routine program with the least focus on the night shifts. Also, interventions to teach younger nurses how to face work stress and interventions to improve the psychological flexibility of all nurses are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caregiver stress can pose serious health and psychological concerns, highlighting the importance of timely interventions for family caregivers of people with dementia. Single-session mindfulness-based interventions could be a promising yet under-researched approach to enhancing their mental well-being within their unpredictable, time-constrained contexts. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a blended mindfulness-based intervention consisting of a single session and app-based follow-up in reducing caregiver stress. Methods/Design: The study is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial with two arms (intervention versus an education session on dementia care) and assessments at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6 months. The eligibility criteria include: family caregivers aged 18 years or older; providing care for an individual with a confirmed medical diagnosis of dementia for at least 3 months prior to recruitment, with a minimum of 4 hours of daily contact; and exhibiting a high level of caregiver stress. The intervention comprises a 90-minute group-based session with various mindfulness practices and psychoeducation. Participants will receive a self-practice toolkit to guide their practice over a duration of 8 weeks. Sharing activities will be implemented through an online social media platform. The primary outcome is perceived caregiving stress. The secondary outcomes include depressive symptoms, positive aspects of caregiving, dyadic relationship, trait mindfulness, and neuropsychiatric symptoms of care recipients. The feasibility outcomes include eligibility and enrollment, attendance, adherence to self-practice, and retention, assessed using mixed methods. Discussion: The study will contribute to the evidence base by investigating whether a single-session mindfulness intervention is effective and feasible for reducing caregiver stress among family caregivers of people with dementia. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06346223. Registered on April 3, 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocardial infarction (Ml) is a condition characterized by the death of heart muscle cells due to a lack of oxygen, frequently resulting in death. Disease and health-related beliefs may play a function in the progression of Ml. The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological flexibility of patients with Ml. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental research with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with Ml referred to Nasiriyah Heart Center, Nasiriyah, Iraq, in 2021 and 2022 (n = 473). In the current study, 90 individuals were selected by simple random sampling and divided evenly between intervention and control groups. The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) was utilized for data collecting. Utilizing SPSS software, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method was performed. The statistical significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: Acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in psychological flexibility (F = 116.17, P < 0.001) in patients with Ml. Besides, the results of a one-way ANCOVA indicated that the subscales, including avoidance (F = 8.27, P < 0.001), acceptance (F = 13.86, P < 0.001), and harnessing (F = 6.14, P < 0.001), improved significantly. Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy has increased the psychological flexibility of patients with Ml and is effective non-pharmaceutical therapy for the psychological management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative diseases in youth, significantly affecting all life domains. Therefore, a strong association between MS, depression and anxiety symptoms has been established. The objective of the present interventional one-group pretest–posttest study is to assess the feasibility of an online single-session intervention (SSI) based on a cognitive behavioral therapy protocol targeting depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychological mechanisms, fatigue and overall health status. Methods: In this pilot study, 31 patients with MS (Mage = 42 years, SD = 12.2) received the online CBT SSI. The impact of the intervention was assessed using validated instruments two weeks after the intervention and after a two-month follow-up period. Results: Statistically significant effects were observed for the reduction of depression, with B = −7.58, 95% CI (−12.84, −2.31) and p < 0.01, and anxiety, with B = −15.17, 95% CI (−18.31, −12.02) and p < 0.001, at post-test and follow-up screening. Additionally, positive outcomes were seen for irrational beliefs at post-test, with B = −25.86, 95% CI (−46.10, −5.61), along with negative automatic thoughts, with B = −4.47, 95% CI (−10.65, 1.71), which were preserved at follow-up. Despite the health status also improving, no significant changes were observed for dysfunctional attitudes and fatigue. Conclusions: This research proves that the online CBT SSI was efficient for decreasing mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety and reducing the intensity of dysfunctional psychological mechanisms in our sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide, and psychotherapeutic techniques can be employed to help manage and mitigate symptoms. While the available therapies are numerous, key strategies often involve cognitive and/or embodiment techniques. Within body-centered methods, breathing-oriented approaches are particularly prevalent, using either attention towards or active control of breathing. As the perception of body states (i.e., interoception) is thought to be an integral component of emotion generation, these embodiment and breathing techniques may be key in addressing the miscommunication between the brain and body that is thought to exist with anxiety. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of acute administration of psychological interventions for state anxiety. Results: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and registered prospectively in PROSPERO. A literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. We considered interventions that focused on cognitive, embodiment or breathing strategies, or a combination of these technaiques. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria, and study characteristics, quality and effect sizes were assessed. A single cognitive study was found to produce a moderate reduction in state anxiety, while moderate to large effects were found across studies assessing embodiment practices. In contrast, studies which utilized breathing-based interventions alone produced inconsistent results, with both attention towards and active control of breathing producing large to no effects depending on the technique employed. Finally, consistent moderate effects were found with combination techniques that involved passive attention (e.g., towards cognitions, body and/or breathing), with active combination techniques producing inconsistent results. Discussion: While study numbers are limited regarding brief interventions, cognitive and embodiment techniques are consistently helpful for reducing state anxiety, while breathing-based exercises need to consider the specific technique employed, and how successful this may be for each individual. Furthermore, combined practices such as mindfulness can also be successful, although care must be taken when introducing an active change to one or more elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Single Session Therapy' (SST) is a service delivery model that seeks to provide an evidence-based, solution-focused, brief intervention within a single therapy session. The stand-alone session affords the opportunity to provide brief psychological interventions while clients await access to longer-term services. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted individuals' mental health. However, the majority of research has investigated patient mental health within hospital settings and community organizations that offer long-term services, whereas minimal research has focused on mental health concerns during COVID-19 within an SST model. The primary aim of the study was to measure client experiences of a brief mental health service. The nature of client mental health concerns who access such services at various points during a pandemic was also investigated. The current study utilized client feedback forms and the Computerized Adaptive Testing—Mental Health (CAT-MH) to measure client experiences and mental health concerns. Qualitative analysis of client feedback forms revealed themes of emotional (e.g., safe space) and informational support (e.g., referrals). Clients also reported reduced barriers to accessing services (e.g., no appointment necessary, no cost), as well as limitations (e.g., not enough sessions) of the Walk-in clinic. Profile analysis of the CAT-MH data indicated that clients had higher rates of depression before COVID-19 (M = 64.2, SD = 13.07) as compared to during the pandemic (M = 59.78, SD = 16.87). In contrast, higher rates of positive suicidality flags were reported during the pandemic (n = 54) as compared to before (n = 29). The lower reported rates of depression but higher rate of suicidality during the pandemic was an unanticipated finding that contradicted prior research, to which possible explanations are explored. Taken together, the results demonstrate the positive experiences of clients who access a single session therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Defined by chronic pain, rheumatic diseases are often co-occurring with anxiety and depression. Among the available psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapies have an already-proven efficiency in these cases. However, the need to adjust their structure became ubiquitous during the post-pandemic period. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a single-session, process-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with rheumatic conditions within an in-patient setting. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 participants (mean age 58.9 years) completed the single-session intervention. Assessments were conducted prior to the intervention, post-intervention and after one month. Results: Pearson's correlations, paired samples T tests and a covariance analysis based on the Linear Mixed Model were performed for exploring the relations between baseline variables and evaluating the impact of the SSI intervention. Immediately after the intervention, a significant reduction in cognitive fusion (p = 0.001, d = 1.78), experiential avoidance (p = 0.001, d = 1.4) and dysfunctional behavioral processes was observed. At the one-month evaluation, participants reported decreased pain (p = 0.001, d = 1.11), anxiety (p = 0.004, d = 0.55) and depression (p = 0.001, d = 0.72). Conclusions: The single-session, process-based approach represents a promising intervention in healthcare contexts, as an integrative part of a multimodal rehabilitation treatment in patients with rheumatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are many barriers to engaging in current psychological treatments, including time, cost, and availability. Ultra-brief treatments overcome some of these barriers by delivering therapeutic information and skills using significantly less time than standard-length treatments. We developed a therapist-guided online ultra-brief treatment for depression and anxiety and compared it to an existing 8-week, 5-lesson therapist-guided standard-length treatment and a waitlist control. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, adults with self-reported depression or anxiety were randomized (1:1:1) to the ultra-brief treatment, standard-length treatment, or waitlist control. The primary outcomes were depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms assessed at baseline, 5-weeks later, 9-weeks later (primary timepoint), and 3-months later. The trial was prospectively registered. Results: Between 7 February 2022, and 16 August 2022, 242 participants were enrolled in the ultra-brief treatment (n = 85), standard-length treatment (n = 80), and waitlist control (n = 77). Participants were mostly women with an average age of 48.56 years. At 9-weeks post-baseline, participants in the ultra-brief treatment group reported significantly lower depression (between groups d = 0.41) and anxiety (d = 0.53) than the waitlist control. The ultra-brief treatment was non-inferior for anxiety at both 9-weeks and 3-months follow-up. Non-inferiority for depression was observed at 9-weeks. Conclusions: The online ultra-brief treatment resulted in significant reductions in depression and anxiety that were non-inferior to a longer treatment course after 9-weeks. Remotely delivered ultra-brief treatments have the potential to provide accessible and effective care for those who cannot, or would prefer not to, access longer psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-session therapy (SST) is a kind of intervention that aims to maximize the effectiveness of each individual therapy session, which may often prove to be the only session. For this reason, it is essential to identify the goal to be reached by the end of the session. However, this may be limited by the lack of a precise theoretical framing for SST. This article will illustrate a framework known as "theoretical pluralism" within which the use of SST can be placed. This will be followed by the proposal of a possible mode of intervention that can help therapists answer the question: "How can I help the patient achieve the goal of this session?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dance places significant physical and cognitive demands on both students and professionals. These demands increase dancers' susceptibility to a variety of problems. Between them, the prevalence of eating disorders in dancers of various dance genres is significant. In this context, emotional eating is a common problem among people struggling with weight issues. On the other hand, a construct that has been shown to be relevant is Psychological inflexibility. Psychological flexibility refers to the possibility of fully embracing unpleasant private events in the present, without attempting to modify them. The aim of this paper is to determine the different components of emotional eating and the healthy eating index as a function of psychological inflexibility in dance students. This was a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling. One hundred fourteen dance students enrolled in conservatories or dance schools participated in the study. Evaluations were conducted using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish population, and the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire. Data were collected in person and online format. No differences in psychological inflexibility were observed between men and women. While women showed greater utilization of food to regulate emotions, they did not differ from men in scores on the healthy eating index. Students with high psychological inflexibility reported greater utilization of food as a regulator of emotions. No differences were found in healthy eating according to psychological inflexibility. It is recommended to transform dance conservatories into healthy spaces by promoting habits that facilitate students' well-being. Faculties can help in the pursuit of excellence by aligning performance goals with research findings and improving holistic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Government of New Brunswick implemented One-at-a-Time (OAAT) therapy, a single-session approach to care, within Addiction and Mental Health (A&MH) services. We conducted interviews to understand determinants of implementation from program champions. Champions of the OAAT therapy implementation (N = 19; Child/Youth n = 8, Adult n = 11) working within A&MH services and school districts were recruited through the provincial implementation team. Transcripts were synthesized using thematic analysis. Determinants were organized as facilitators and barriers in accordance with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Thematic analysis resulted in 18 themes and 5 recommendations. Facilitators within the inner setting included: (1) need for change and perceived benefits of OAAT therapy; (2) compatibility of OAAT therapy with previous practice and service processes; and (3) support received from champions and colleagues. Insufficient resources (e.g., staff and physical infrastructure), and a culture that favored long-term therapy were barriers. Navigating age of consent, and implementation around COVID-19 were barriers within the outer setting. Facilitators within the implementation process domain included: (1) interconnected teams across sites, regions and the province; (2) collaborative implementation planning; (3) flexibility to tailor implementation at sites; and (4) mentorship provided by champions. Insufficient standardization of the implementation and limited representation among affected parties (e.g., community partners) were barriers within the implementation process. This study elucidated determinants that influenced implementation of a new service delivery within an Eastern Canadian provincial health care system. Findings can serve as a heuristic for organizations looking to enact similar implementation initiatives., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: P. Cornish is the founder and former president of Stepped Care Solutions, and currently receives financial compensation for consulting services. A. Churchill, and A. Jaouich are employed with Stepped Care Solutions. Stepped Care Solutions is a not-for-profit mental health system consultancy group and is the developer of the Stepped Care 2.0 model. Stepped Care Solutions provided online training as an in-kind contribution to the project. As a result of Determinants of effective implementation within Addiction and Mental Health Services competing interests, Cornish, Churchill, and Jaouich were not involved in data collection and initial synthesis in order to minimize potential for bias. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The procedures of this research were approved by the Newfoundland and Labrador Health Research Ethics Board (HREB#2022.048). Informed Consent: Individuals provided informed consent electronically before participating in the associated research., (© 2024. The Author(s).)