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8. The second most abundant dinophyte in the ponds of a botanical garden is a species new to science

Author

Müller, Anna, Stark, Marina, Schottenhammel, Sophia, John, Uwe, Chacón, Juliana, Klingl, Andreas, Holzer, Victoria Julia Christine, Schöffer, Marika, Gottschling, Marc, Müller, Anna, Stark, Marina, Schottenhammel, Sophia, John, Uwe, Chacón, Juliana, Klingl, Andreas, Holzer, Victoria Julia Christine, Schöffer, Marika, and Gottschling, Marc

Abstract

In the microscopy realm, a large body of dark biodiversity still awaits to be uncovered. Unarmoured dinophytes are particularly neglected here, as they only present inconspicuous traits. In a remote German locality, we collected cells, from which a monoclonal strain was established, to study morphology using light and electron microscopy and to gain DNA sequences from the rRNA operon. In parallel, we detected unicellular eukaryotes in ponds of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg by DNA-metabarcoding (V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene), weekly sampled over the course of a year. Strain GeoK*077 turned out to be a new species of Borghiella with a distinct position in molecular phylogenetics and characteristic coccoid cells of ovoid shape as the most important diagnostic trait. Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., was also present in artificial ponds of the Botanical Garden and was the second most abundant dinophyte detected in the samples. More specifically, Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., shows a clear seasonality, with high frequency during winter months and complete absence during summer months. The study underlines the necessity to assess the biodiversity, particularly of the microscopy realm more ambitiously, if even common species such as formerly Borghiella ovum are yet unknown to science.

Published
2024

9. Stylodinium ist Alge des Jahres 2022: Ein Botschafter gegen Artensterben und für Forschungsbedarf.

Author

GOTTSCHLING, MARC and TILLMANN, URBAN

Abstract

Measured against their presumably immense ecological importance, the diversity of unicellular organisms has hardly been discovered up to now. At the same time, the survival of this diversity is threatened by environmental degradation and climate change as never before in the Earth’s history. Numerous species may become extinct before they have even been scientifcally inventoried, and the consequences of this decimation are diffcult to assess at present. The peculiar epiphytic alga Stylodinium is a representative for this dilemma: Important morphological and molecular details are currently just as unknown as are its precise services in the web of ecosystems. The development of the unusual stalk, with which the dinophyte attaches itself – at least temporarily – to other algae, has only been scientifcally documented once since its discovery. There is an urgent need for research on Stylodinium, and it is to be hoped that more attention will be paid to the organisms of the microcosm in the future than in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Improving the gold standard in NCBI GenBank and related databases: DNA sequences from type specimens and type strains.

Author

Renner, Susanne S, Scherz, Mark D, Schoch, Conrad L, Gottschling, Marc, and Vences, Miguel

Subjects
NUCLEOTIDE sequence, DNA data banks, DNA sequencing, IDENTIFICATION of fungi, DATABASES, IDENTIFICATION, EUKARYOTES
Abstract

Scientific names permit humans and search engines to access knowledge about the biodiversity that surrounds us, and names linked to DNA sequences are playing an ever-greater role in search-and-match identification procedures. Here, we analyze how users and curators of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) are flagging and curating sequences derived from nomenclatural type material, which is the only way to improve the quality of DNA-based identification in the long run. For prokaryotes, 18,281 genome assemblies from type strains have been curated by NCBI staff and improve the quality of prokaryote naming. For Fungi, type-derived sequences representing over 21,000 species are now essential for fungus naming and identification. For the remaining eukaryotes, however, the numbers of sequences identifiable as type-derived are minuscule, representing only 739 species of arthropods, 1542 vertebrates, and 125 embryophytes. An increase in the production and curation of such sequences will come from (i) sequencing of types or topotypic specimens in museum collections, (ii) the March 2023 rule changes at the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration requiring more metadata for specimens, and (iii) efforts by data submitters to facilitate curation, including informing NCBI curators about a specimen's type status. We illustrate different type-data submission journeys and provide best-practice examples from a range of organisms. Expanding the number of type-derived sequences in DNA databases, especially of eukaryotes, is crucial for capturing, documenting, and protecting biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. (258-260) Proposals to eliminate contradiction between Articles 11.7 and 11.8 and to equate non-fossil with fossil names of dinophytes for purposes of priority

Author

Elbrächter, Malte, Gottschling, Marc, Hoppenrath, Mona, Keupp, Helmut, Kusber, Wolf-Henning, Streng, Michael, Tillmann, Urban, Versteegh, Gerard J. M., Zonneveld, Karin A. F., Elbrächter, Malte, Gottschling, Marc, Hoppenrath, Mona, Keupp, Helmut, Kusber, Wolf-Henning, Streng, Michael, Tillmann, Urban, Versteegh, Gerard J. M., and Zonneveld, Karin A. F.

Published
2023
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29. Familial classification of the Boraginales

Author

Boraginales Working Group, Luebert, Federico, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Frohlich, Michael W., Gottschling, Marc, Guilliams, C. Matt, Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E., Hilger, Hartmut H., Miller, James S., Mittelbach, Moritz, Nazaire, Mare, Nepi, Massimo, Nocentini, Daniele, Ober, Dietrich, Olmstead, Richard G., Selvi, Federico, Simpson, Michael G., Sutorý, Karel, Valdés, Benito, Walden, Genevieve K., and Weigend, Maximilian

Published
2016

40. Clarifying confusion – Prorocentrum triestinum J.Schiller and Prorocentrum redfieldii Bursa (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) are two different species

Author

Tillmann, Urban, Beran, Alfred, Gottschling, Marc, Wietkamp, Stephan, Hoppenrath, Mona, Tillmann, Urban, Beran, Alfred, Gottschling, Marc, Wietkamp, Stephan, and Hoppenrath, Mona

Abstract

The Prorocentrales are a unique group of dinophytes based on several apomorphic traits, but species delimitation is challenging within the group. Prorocentrum triestinum was described by Josef Schiller in 1918 as an important bloomforming species from Trieste (Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea) with a conspicuous asymmetric outline and a small, asymmetrically located subapical spine. All subsequent records under this name fail to conform to Schiller’s original description. These inconsistencies have their origin in John Dodge’s 1975 revision of Prorocentrum, which placed Prorocentrum redfieldii, a more symmetrical, slender species with a long apical spine, into synonymy under P. triestinum. To clarify this confusion, we collected samples at the type locality of P. triestinum in Trieste and established a strain that is morphologically consistent with the protologue and suitable for use in epitypification. Morphology and rRNA sequence data of this strain were compared with four new strains identified as P. redfieldii from the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Cells of P. triestinum had an asymmetric outline in lateral view and a small, dorso-subapical spine. These features, which are readily resolved by light microscopy, were distinct from those of the nearly symmetrical and slender cells of P. redfieldii, which had a long, apically located spine. The species are nevertheless closely related and share an identical architecture of the periflagellar area with a distinctive, largely reduced accessory pore together with a very small platelet 7. This apomorphy clearly differentiates both species from other species of Prorocentrum. Both species differ in their primary rRNA sequences, and ITS and LSU sequence differences will enable them to be distinguished in future meta-barcoding studies. The present study demonstrates that P. triestinum and P. redfieldii are distinct species and thus contributes to a reliable biodiversity assessment of Prorocentrum.

Published
2022

42. Comments on Mertens et al. (2022): The taxonomic identity of Micracanthodinium setiferum (Lohmann) Deflandre (Dinophyceae incertae sedis) remains elusive, and its epitypification is not achieved

Author

Gottschling, Marc, Elbrächter, Malte, and Tillmann, Urban

Abstract

Micracanthodinium setiferum is a very distinctive but poorly known dinophyte with characteristically delicate, unbranched, filiform and pointed setae. A recent study by Mertens et al. (2022, Palynology 46: 1934908) aims to clarify the taxonomy of the species and to introduce two new formae acknowledging the presence or absence of setae in environmentally collected cells. We assert that the epitype choice of illustrations by these authors is inappropriate, but also not achieved following the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Additionally, the two new formae are not described in accordance with the rules of the ICN. A more suitable epitype may therefore be chosen, once corresponding physical material from the type locality off Sicily is at hand. The taxonomic identity of M. setiferum meanwhile remains elusive.

Published
2022
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