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Amyloidosis a rare disorder characterised by the deposition of amyloid protein aggregates in different organ systems throughout the body with resulting functional impairment of affected organs. It can present with localised or multisystemic deposits. Diagnosis is often delayed due to the non-specific nature of the symptoms. We present the case of a 59-year-old man with a 12-month history of non-specific symptoms. Investigations revealed Helicobacter pylori positive gastritis. Blood tests showed only a normocytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. CT scan showed proximal sigmoid thickening. Biopsies were unremarkable. Echocardiogram and cardiac MRI scan showed restrictive cardiomyopathy. Congo red staining of gastric biopsies showed amyloid deposition. The patient had elevated serum kappa light chains and a bone marrow biopsy confirmed multiple myeloma and he was subsequently diagnosed with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis secondary to this. He was started on chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition; however, he deteriorated rapidly and so was started on palliative treatment and discharged home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arthrobotrys species are nematophagous fungi that secrete extracellular nematocidal products (ECP). The individual and combined effects of ECP from Arthrobotrys oligospora (Ao) and A. musiformis (Am) growth in liquid media against Haemonchus contortus L3 (HcL3) were assessed. Methods: The isolation, morphological (MI) and molecular identification (Mol-I), assessment of nematocidal activity (NA) of fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCF) in two liquid media alone and in combination and the myco-compound profile identification (MCP) were performed. Results: The MI suggested that the fungi corresponded to the species Ao and Am. This result was confirmed by PCR analysis followed by sequencing, alignment and a phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, the highest Hc mortalities were 91.4% with individual LCF of Am and 86.2% with those of Ao at the highest concentration (100 mg/mL) in Czapek-Dox Broth. The combination of both LCF resulted in a similarly high larval mortality with no statistical differences in relation to individual activity (p > 0.05). The MCP showed the presence of alkaloids in both fungi. Coumarins, sterols and saponins were found only in Ao. Main conclusions: Both fungi produced ECP with a high NA that could be identified and assessed in future studies as potential natural anthelmintic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumour with a very poor prognosis, which often poses diagnostic difficulties due to the non-specificity of its clinical presentation. NK/T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic hyperplasia syndrome is extremely rare. This article describes a patient with NKTCL misdiagnosed as vasculitis who presented with sinusitis, abdominal pain, anorexia, and lung shadows. Additionally, the patient exhibited extremely high eosinophilia levels, which led to a further misdiagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma. We describe the clinical features, diagnostic methods and differential diagnosis of lymphoma and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in accurate diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamomi Cortex (CC, rougui) is the stripped trunk bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl (CCP) and commonly is used to treat dyspepsia, gastritis, blood circulation disturbances, and inflammatory diseases. However, Cinnamomum burmannii Blume (CBB), an edible ingredient in food from a different Cinnamomum, sometimes replaces CC due to their similar functions and appearance. To identify and distinguish CC from CBB, we investigated the metabolite differences in polar and non-polar extracts of these species by high-resolution H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed a significantly higher separation in GC-MS analysis (non-polar extracts) than H NMR analysis (polar extracts). One-way ANOVA revealed that polar extracts (acetate, α-glucose, sucrose, glycerol, fructose) and non-polar extracts ( trans-cinnamaldehyde, α-copaene, δ-cadinene, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, (−)-calamenene, α-muurolene, γ-muurolene, α-calacorene, cubenol and α-muurolol) contributed greatly to the comparison of CC and CBB. These results indicate that the H NMR- and GC-MS-based metabolomic approach can effectively differentiate the phytochemical compositions among different species in plants, which in turn could identify important metabolites with known pharmacological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iran is recognized as one of the regions abundant in plant diversity, particularly medicinal plants, which are globally acknowledged for their significant role in maintaining human health. This study seeks to identify medicinal plants extensively utilized by the Qizilbash tribe in Northern Iran, document the indigenous knowledge related to the use of medicinal plants by local communities, and gather information about the diseases treated by these plants. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted over a two-year period (2018-2020) to document the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants among the local population in Northern Iran. Data collection involved field observations, participant interactions, and semi-structured interviews with 41 individuals (11 males, 30 females). The interviewees were selected using a snowball sampling technique. The gathered information was categorized based on local names, consumed plant parts, medicinal properties, consumption habits, and other uses of wild edible plants. The study identified 84 plant species from 27 families in the research area. Lamiaceae (20 species), Compositae (12 species), and Leguminaceae (6 species) were the most prevalent families based on the number of plant species. The findings indicated that medicinal plants were primarily employed for addressing gastrointestinal problems (34%), coughs and colds (18%), and respiratory diseases (13%). The presence of diverse medicinal plant species and extensive indigenous knowledge in the Khosh Yeylagh rangelands highlights the richness of this region. Further research on these plants has the potential to uncover new treatments and contribute to the preservation of these valuable resources, preventing the loss and destruction of herbal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematological neoplasm characterized by monocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Moreover, it is associated with SRSF2 mutations and, rarely, with CSF3R variants. We present the case of an 84-year-old patient with persistent anemia and monocytosis. Due to the presence of dysmorphic granulocytes, monocyte atypia, and myeloid precursors in the peripheral blood cells, the patient was subjected to a bone marrow examination. The diagnosis was consistent with CMML type 2. The Hemocoagulative test showed an increase in fibrinolysis markers. Next-generation targeted sequencing showed TET2 and SRSF2 mutations, along with an unexpected CSF3R germline missense variant, rarely encountered in CMML. The patient started Azacitidine treatment and achieved normal hemostatic process values. In conclusion, we identified a heterozygous germline mutation that, together with TET2 and SRSF2 variants, was responsible for the hemorrhagic manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is elevated in the gastric juice and in cultures of gastric mucosa of patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Its application as a surrogate marker for the treatment of PUD was assessed.Methods: From 138 eligible patients, 96 were enrolled; 50 with duodenal ulcer, 29 with gastric ulcer and 17 with chronic gastritis. Patients were endoscoped twice; once before treatment and once after treatment. Biopsy specimens were collected for histopathologic estimation of gastritis. Blood was sampled prior to each endoscopy. Serum was collected and sTREM-1 was measured by an enzyme immunoabsorbent assay ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00534443).Results: At the end of treatment sTREM-1 was either: (a) below the limit of detection (this occurred in 62 patients and it was accompanied by lacks signs of residual disease in 58 patients, 93.5%); or (b) above the limit of detection (this occurred in 17 patients and it was accompanied by residual disease in 14 patients, 82.3%) (p < 0.0001). Odds ratio for complete healing of peptic ulcer with sTREM-1 below detection limit was 5.30 (95% CI: 1.89-14.83, p < 0.001) compared to serum sTREM-1 above the limit of detection.Conclusions: Serum sTREM-1 below detection limit may effectively distinguish patients who successfully completed therapy for PUD from those with residual disease and apply as a surrogate marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out at Post Graduate Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.) India. Fruit based blended RTS beverages and juices are not only rich in essential minerals, vitamins and other nutritive factors but also have a delicious and have a universal appeal. 10 per cent of blend comprising 80 per cent pomegranate juice, 10 per cent Aloe vera gel and 10 per cent ginger juice (T6) was found best on 9-point hedonic scale for the preparation of RTS with 13.00 per cent TSS, 0.25 per cent acidity and 70 ppm sodium benzoate than other blend combinations. The TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars increased whereas, pH, vitamin-C, non-reducing sugar and organoleptic score decreased continuously up to the end of the storage period under ambient temperature (20-28℃). Moreover, it had been found that RTS organoleptically acceptable up to 4 months in polypet bottles without any deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Cinnamomum cassia ( C. cassia , Lauraceae family), commonly used for treating dyspepsia, gastritis, blood circulation, and inflammatory diseases is considered as one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Aim of the study The anti-inflammatory action of an ethanol extract of C. cassia (CA), and its underlying mechanisms were explored in both in vitro cellular and in vivo murine models. Materials and methods Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to study the regulatory effect of CA on inflammasome activation. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mouse model and a monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gout model were employed to study the effect of CA on in vivo efficacy. Results CA improved the survival rate in the LPS-induced septic shock mouse model and inhibited inflammasome activation including NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, leading to suppression of interleukin-1β secretion. Further, ASC oligomerization and its speck formation in cytosol were attenuated by CA treatment. Furthermore, CA improved both survival rate of LPS-induced septic shock and gout murine model. Conclusions CA treatment significantly attenuated danger signals-induced inflammatory responses via regulation of inflammasome activation, substantiating the traditional claims of its use in the treatment of inflammation-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The current article describes the case of a 23–year–old female with purging–type bulimia nervosa who was evaluated by her primary care physician for dizziness and lightheadedness. Methods After laboratory studies were performed by her primary care physician, the patient was admitted to the hospital because of severe anemia. The patient had been taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) at prescribed doses for shin splints that were secondary to jogging and developed gastric erosion. Results Endoscopic examination showed that she had diffuse gastritis with linear, streaky ulcerations throughout the body of the stomach. Discussion Lightheadedness is a common clinical symptom among individuals with eating disorders, but is typically related to dehydration, malnutrition, hypometabolism, and/or combinations of these factors. Clinicians need to consider NSAID use, which may cause erosive gastritis, blood loss, and lightheadedness. ũ 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objective: The use of herbal medicines to treat common oral diseases increases rapidly. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases, which has an unclear etiology and could lead to severe pain and dysfunction. Cinnamaldehyde is a major component of cinnamon bark oil. Biological properties of cinnamaldehyde, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, cytotoxic, and anti-mutational characteristics, have been identified. Considering the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the importance of using herbal resources for treatment, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mucosal adhesive patches containing Cinnamaldehyde on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions. Material & methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups. The intervention group received three daily mucosal adhesive patches to be used in the morning, afternoon, and night. The control group also did the same with a placebo. To evaluate the healing and determine the diameter of the lesions, patients were clinically examined on days zero, 3, 5, and 7. The VAS scale evaluated pain at baseline and after each meal for seven days. The Fisher's exact test, t-test, Shapiro Wilk test, Friedman test, and the Mann–Whitney test were used to analyze the data using the SPSS 20 software. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean diameter of the inflammatory lesion and pain intensity in the two groups in the baseline (p > 0.05). However, the ulcer size was significantly reduced in the cinnamaldehyde group on the third, fifth, and seventh days of the study. Except for baseline, the mean pain intensity significantly decreased in the cinnamaldehyde group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cinnamaldehyde mucoadhesive patches effectively reduced and improved aphthous lesions and pain intensity in patients and can be considered a treatment for RAS. Registration number: IRCT20180312039060N2—First registration date: 20/07/2018. The present study was registered as a retrospective study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of clandestine drugs is a widespread worldwide phenomenon, with clandestine drug laboratories occurring both in rural and urban areas. There is considerable unfamiliarity among medical professionals about the health risks that are associated with chemicals used in clandestine drug laboratories. To evaluate the adverse health effects resulting from exposure to chemicals involved in the production of clandestine drugs. The US National Library of Medicine PubMed database and the Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) were searched from their date of inception to October 26, 2021 using combinations of relevant search terms. This yielded 1,558 unique articles, which were subjected to two eligibility criteria: (i) exposure to clandestine drug laboratory chemicals resulting in adverse health effects; (ii) subjects were human. A total of 22 unique articles were retrieved, consisting of 10 reviews, eight case reports/series and four retrospective studies. Further searches among the references cited in these publications yielded another seven case reports/series and six retrospective studies. Inhalation: Surveillance studies reported respiratory symptoms (including cough, throat irritation, nasal irritation, and dyspnea) in 59% (n = 1,657 of 2,803) of those exposed. The case reports/series described respiratory symptoms in 43% of the cases (n = 36 of 84). Lung edema was reported occasionally (n = 2). Eye exposure: Surveillance studies reported eye irritation and burns in 23% (n = 647 of 2,803) of those exposed. The case reports/series described ocular adverse events in 36% of the cases (n = 30 of 84). More severe ocular effects, such as corneal damage and conjunctival necrosis, were reported after direct eye contact with caustic fluids. Skin exposure: Surveillance studies reported dermal effects, ranging from skin irritation to severe burns, in 6% of those exposed (n = 174 of 2,803). The case reports/series described dermal effects in 30% of the cases (n = 25 of 84). Ingestion: Gastrointestinal burns were observed after ingestion of caustic substances in 5% of the patients reported in the case reports/series (n = 4 of 84). Systemic effects: Surveillance studies reported headache and dizziness in 31% (n = 882 of 2,803) and 7% (n = 187 of 2,803) of those exposed, respectively. The case reports/series described sympathomimetic effects, including mydriasis, hypertension, tachycardia, in 4% of the cases (n = 3 of 84). Fatalities: Surveillance studies reported death in 1% of those exposed (n = 29 of 2803). Ten percent of the people reported in the cases report/series died (n = 8 of 84). Death was reported after inhalation of phosphine (n = 5), hydrogen sulfide (n = 1), methanol (n = 1), and after ingestion of sulfuric acid (n = 1). Exposure to chemicals involved in the production of clandestine drugs mostly resulted in mild to moderate respiratory, ocular or dermal effects, usually caused by caustic chemicals or solvents. Systemic effects were generally mild, but severe symptoms and eight deaths were reported after exposure to phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, methanol and sulfuric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf spot, caused by Neofusicoccum parvum, is an important disease limiting the growth of Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) in the field. This disease was first observed in Deqing (Guangdong Province, China) in 2018, manifesting as circular or irregularly shaped necrotic lesions along the leaf margins and tips, enlarging to irregular lesions with numerous black dots. Representative isolates were isolated from affected leaves and identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1‐α (EF1‐α) gene and a portion of the β‐tubulin gene (TUB2). Colonies were initially white on PDA, turning grey–black after 7 days. The conidia were fusiform to oval, hyaline, thin‐walled with rounded apices and truncate bases. The pathogen was placed in the same clade as Neofusicoccum parvum in phylogenetic trees constructed using concatenated sequences of ITS, EF1‐α and TUB2 genes. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, the pathogen was identified as N. parvum. On infected leaves, Koch's postulates were fulfilled, and the same pathogen re‐isolated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum causing disease on Chinese cinnamon worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canine stomatocytosis is a well‐recognized rare erythrocyte disorder characterized by nonsyndromic forms with selective erythroid involvement, syndromic forms with extra‐hematologic disease, and acquired forms. Objectives: We describe serial clinicopathologic changes in two dogs with stomatocytosis of breeds that are different from those previously reported. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from a 12‐year‐old female neutered Australian Cattle Dog and a 12‐year‐old male neutered Beagle for hematologic and biochemical analyses, including a morphologic examination of peripheral blood films. Serial clinicopathologic data were reviewed, including CBCs performed by the referring veterinary surgeons. Results: Serial CBC data in both cases reported a variable decrease in RBC numbers commonly associated with a normal hematocrit, macrocytosis, hypochromasia, changes in red cell distribution width parameters including marked histogram abnormalities in volume distribution of the RBC population, and mildly increased or normal reticulocyte counts. Morphologic examination of peripheral blood films identified variable numbers of stomatocytes, knizocytes (Case 1, Day 1, Day 4), mild anisocytosis, mild macrocytosis, and mild polychromasia. Conclusions: In both cases, the changes exhibited in the erythrogram raise suspicion for an RBC membrane disorder with cell volume dysregulation and stomatocytosis, although they did not appear to cause clinically relevant hemolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undoubtedly, coal is playing an important role in shaping today's world. But, excessive extraction of coal has created several adverse effects on the local economy as well as on the global economy. In this study, the households' vulnerability to coal mining operations is assessed by taking two indicators, i.e., the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) and livelihood effect index (LEI) in active coal mining and non-mining villages of Talcher Coalfields region of Angul district of Odisha, India. The mining village has shown more vulnerability than the non-mining village in both indices. In LVI, natural disaster, climate variation, and environmental quality (NDCVEQ) indicator is the dominant factor that greatly impacted the overall vulnerability level of the households followed by water (W), health (H), and finance (FIN). Out of the five capitals of LEI, natural capital and financial capital have been affected more due to coal mining activities in the mining village, than the non-mining village. This reflects that households in the mining village are more susceptible to various environmental related issues, and hence, they need to adopt adequate measures to cope up with the issues created from mining operations. Additionally, the mining companies are needed to undertake effective steps to curtail the negative externalities and protect the interests of the local inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a mucoskeletal system condition caused by mechanical and biological processes that disrupt the normal coupling of articular cartilage breakdown and synthesis. Gout is a clinical condition caused by the deposition of urate (monosodium urate monohydrate crystal) crystals in a joint or soft tissue, which causes an early inflammatory reaction. It is defined by the development of severe acute monoarticular arthritis. Alternative medicine offers a different approach to treating RA and Gout, and a variety of medicinal plants are now being studied in the hopes of developing a new therapy. There is an urgent need to research the full therapeutic potential of these herbals, as well as any potential side effects, in order to develop novel and safer therapy choices. The traditional medications used to treat arthritis and gout have a number of serious side effects. Because of its fewer downsides and greater advantages, plant-based medicine or herbal medicine has attracted a lot of interest for the prevention and treatment of gout and arthritis. Natural therapies that are non-chemical and non-invasive have no significant side effects since they use naturally active ingredients. Alternative medicine offers a different approach to treating RA and Gout, and a variety of medicinal plants are now being studied in the hopes of developing a new therapy. There is a pressing need to research the full therapeutic potential and, if any, harmful consequences of these herbals in order to develop novel, safer therapy choices with fewer side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the adsorption potential of the cinnamon bark (CB), which is an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent for the removal of dyestuffs such as indigo carmine (IC) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. Additionally, it includes the application of 'univariate and multivariate techniques' for determining the effects of key factors on adsorption process. The results obtained from experiments performed according to Central Composite Design (CCD) were evaluated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. In optimum conditions (pH = 2, m = 1.80 g, t = 90 min, Co = 85 mg/L for IC and pH = 7, m = 0.45 g, Co = 30 mg/L for MG), the removal efficiencies of IC and MG adsorption onto CB were found as 84% ± 2 and 98.2% ± 0.2, with standard deviations (N = 3), respectively. The concordance of experimental data with pseudo-second-order kinetic model demonstrated that the adsorption was chemically controlled and an endothermic process that ongoing with increasing randomness on the adsorbent/adsorbate interface for both dyestuff removal. However, IC adsorption was non-spontaneous; MG adsorption was spontaneous. Because the equilibrium data were well explained to by Temkin isotherm model, the nature of adsorption was defined by the assumption that the binding energies of adsorption had a uniform distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a case report of a patient with pyloric stenosis resulting from corrosive gastritis. Blood pressure of the patient; Physical examination results; Development of signs of bronchopneumonia in the patient.

Helicobacter pylori infection occurs in 50% of the world's population and represents a major risk factor for chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer in developed and developing countries. The distribution of H. pylori virulence factors is diverse and varies geographically, such as the CagA and VacA genes, which have revealed association with disease status. Some findings show increased frequencies of these diseases in O Le (a-b +) and A Le (a-b +) blood type individuals, but other studies not found any relationship between these blood groups and H. pylori infection. This study aimed to elucidate probable controversies described in the relationship between the ABH/Lewis blood groups and H. pylori , contributing to the severity of gastric diseases in northern the population of Belém -Pará.-Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 288 samples of patients separate into two groups with gastric cancer and chronic gastritis. Blood, saliva, and gastric biopsy were analyzed using modified Gram and hematoxylin-eosin staining techniques, the enzyme immunoassay Elisa and Multiplex PCR. The antigens expression of ABH and Lewis systems was determined through Dot-ELISA and direct hemagglutination. Proportions were compared in univariate analysis, while the relation between putative risk factors including H. pylori status and ABO/Lewis phenotype was performed using multivariable logistic regression analyses, P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The findings of this study demonstrate that the likelihood of developing gastric cancer increases threefold if the individual is from A1 Le (a-b +) blood group, has premalignant changes, and infection with H. pylori virulent strains (cagA +/ vacA + s1m1). Therefore, this study found a significant association between ABO and Lewis phenotypes and H. pylori cagA status into the relevance of the development of gastric carcinogenesis. Image 1 • The H. pylori do not grow in damaged areas, influencing the histological diagnosis. • The host genetic background has impact in the severity of gastric alterations. • The O/A2 Lewis b (a-b+) phenotypes facilitates H. pylori adhesion in gastric mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The most frequent organ-specific autoimmune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in children are hypothyroidism and celiac disease. Among adults, other associations exist, notably with pernicious anemia, which is extremely rare in children. We relate the observation of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism, admitted for severe anemia in addition to chronic anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis. Blood cell count showed severe aregenerative anemia with pancytopenia, with signs of non-autoimmune hemolysis. Vitamin B12 levels were low, bone marrow aspiration revealed erythroid hyperplasia, and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were positive, providing the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Treatment with intramuscular vitamin B12 produced brisk reticulosis after 6 days, with a subsequent rapid resolution of the anemia. Follow-up of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children requires screening for organ-specific autoimmune diseases; in case of unexplained anemia, autoimmune gastritis must be suggested. It can evolve into pernicious anemia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Amphibia is a class of vertebrate. Amphibians are ectothermic, or cold-blooded, and they have smooth skin that must stay moist to prevent desiccation. They play an important role in nature both as predator and prey. Nagaland is one of the north eastern hilly states and it is very rich in biodiversity. Due to the geographical position Nagaland have huge number of amphibian fauna. Purpose of the present study is to get information of sociocultural relation of frog and Naga people and to study the diversity. Study was conducted through market survey and interview. Interview was conducted among the people of different age groups which are belonging to different tribes. Frog species were collected from the markets and Morphometric measurements were taken by using vernier caliper. Frog samples were kept as museum specimen. From the investigation all together 11 species from 4 families were recorded from the market and identified with the help of relevant literature. Cooking procedure of frog meat among the people of Nagaland varies from tribe to tribe and people to people. Most common method of consumption is boiling with bamboo shoot. Naga people have traditional believe that frogs have medicinal purposes. Different body parts of the frog consumed by different way to cure the various diseases. Frog eating is a traditional way and continued practice among the Naga society from the time of civilization to obtain the protein and frogs are easily available in the markets in both as fresh and dried. Frogs are being exploited from nature from year after year without having proper maintenance and conservation. The results of the study revealed that there is no reduction of frog population, though they are being collected in huge number. It is necessary to culture the frog species and to establish socioecological system through sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts of the bark of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Methods: The powdered barks of C. cassia and C. zeylanicum were extracted using methanol, ethanol and acetone. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic, ethanolic and acetone extracts of barks of C. cassia and C. zeylanicum were studied using agar well diffusion method against seven ATCC bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella bongori and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antimicrobial activity of extracts of C. cassia and C. zeylanicum were compared with gentamycin. Results: The ethanolic and acetone extract of C. cassia and C. zeylanicum showed greater zones of inhibition than methanolic extract. C. zeylanicum inhibited the growth of all seven ATCC strains used in this study whereas, C. cassia inhibited the growth of S. pyogenes, S. aureus, B. cereus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and S. bongori. Gentamycin inhibited the pathogenic group of all ATCC strains used in this study. Conclusion: The ethanolic and acetone extracts of bark of C. Cassia and C. zeylanicum exhibited a broad spectrum of exhibited a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud storage over the internet gives opportunities for easy data sharing. To preserve the privacy of sharing data, the outsourced data is usually encrypted. The searchable encryption technique provides a solution to find the target data in the encrypted form. And the public-key encryption with keyword search is regarded as a major approach for the searchable encryption technique. However, there are still several privacy leakage challenges for the further adoption of these major schemes. One is how to resist the keyword guessing attack which still leaks data user's keywords privacy. Another is how to construct the access control policy to prevent illegal access of outsourced data sharing since illegal access always leak the privacy of user's attribute. In our paper, we firstly try to design a novel secure keyword index to resist the keyword guessing attack from access pattern and search pattern. Second, we propose an attribute-based encryption scheme which supports an enhanced fine-grained access control search. This allows the authenticated users to access different data although their searching request contains the same queried keywords, and meanwhile unauthenticated users cannot get any attribute privacy information. Third, we give security proofs to show that the construction of keyword index is against keyword guessing attack from the access pattern and search pattern, and our scheme is proved to be IND-CPA secure (the indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attack) under the standard model. Finally, theoretical analyses and a series of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To prospectively study the clinical and developmental profile; hematological profile and the B-12 status using multiple parameters in children with Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS).Methods: In this observational study (NCT02762682) (July 2015 through December 2016) children (and their mothers) with a clinical diagnosis of ITS were evaluated clinically; and development was assessed by CAPUTE scales. A complete blood count (CBC); peripheral blood smear examination; markers of vitamin B12 status (serum B12, homocysteine, folate); acylcarnitines [using Tandem mass spectrometry (TMS)] and urine methylmalonic acid (MMA) [Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS)] were estimated. A control group of children and their mothers were sampled for comparison.Results: A total of 286 individuals were enrolled for this study. One-hundred-ten children with ITS were screened and 92 (20 with tremors; age 12.7 ± 5 mo, 61 boys) children and their mothers were enrolled. Fifty-one children and their mothers were enrolled as controls. The median clinical linguistic & auditory milestone-developmental quotient (CLAM-DQ) was 32 (IQR 20.6-45.5) and median cognitive adaptive test-developmental quotient (CAT-DQ) was 36.2 (IQR 18.7-49.0). All babies except 9 (ovo-veg) had vegetarian mothers. Head circumference below 2 SD (WHO standards) was seen in 84% and below 3 SD in 58%. The CBC findings were; Hb- 8.3 ± 1.6 g/dl, Thrombocytopenia-29 (32%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV)- 92.2 ± 13.4, MCV- more than 95 fL-38(42%), Red cell distribution width (RDW)- 21.6 ± 6.5, and macrocytes on peripheral smear in 68%. In 89 (97%) out of 92 children had laboratory features of deficient B12 status. Two-thirds of the mothers also had evidence of B12 deficiency.Conclusions: ITS is, in all likelihood is a consequence of vitamin B12 defeciency. It has a significant impact on head growth and development of affected infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invasion of Candida albicans is one of the most common fungal infections seen in clinical practice, and serious drug resistance has been reported in recent years. Therefore, new anti-C. albicans drugs must be introduced. In this research, it was demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde (CA) shows strong antimicrobial activity, with 0.26 mg/mL CA being the minimum inhibitory concentration to manage C. albicans. Extraordinarily, we detected that CA accumulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the calcium concentration in the cytoplasm and mitochondria through flow cytometry. In addition, we observed that C. albicans cells released Cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential, and activated the metacaspase when exposed to 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, and 0.52 mg/mL CA. Furthermore, to confirm that CA introduces the C. albicans apoptosis, we discovered that when the phosphatidylserine was exposed, DNA damage and chromatin condensation occurred, which were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Finally, demonstrations of phenotype investigation, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining were conducted to prove that CA possessed the ability to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). From the above, our research indicates that CA is a promising antifungal candidate when applied to C. albicans infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammation is an essential response against bacterial infection as a host defense mechanism, which can lead to tissue damage. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is major pathogen for aggressive periodontitis characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue surrounding teeth. Trans-cinnamic aldehyde is a key bioactive compound of the cinnamon extracts, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. The objective of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of trans-cinnamic aldehyde against Aa infection in human THP-1 derived macrophages and on Aa-induced periodontitis in mice.Methods: THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol 12-mystristate 13-acetate and were infected with live Aa. Trans-cinnamic aldehyde was pretreated 30 minutes before the bacterial infection. Cytokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Autophagosome formation was detected by Cyto-ID. Viable cell count was carried out to determine bacterial adhesion, internalization, and intracellular survival. Experimental periodontitis was induced by inoculating Aa orally to mice, and microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate bone loss.Results: Pretreatment of trans-cinnamic aldehyde significantly inhibited Aa-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Pretreatment of trans-cinnamic aldehyde inhibited Aa-induced expression of TLR signaling pathway as well as the phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Also, trans-cinnamic aldehyde treatment downregulated the expression of pro-IL-1β, caspase-1, and inflammasome components. Trans-cinnamic aldehyde treatment significantly decreased intracellular survival of Aa. Moreover, the autophagosome formation and the expressions of autophagy markers including Beclin-1, ATG5, and LC3 were increased. Finally, trans-cinnamic aldehyde significantly inhibited bone loss in Aa-induced mouse periodontitis.Conclusions: Trans-cinnamic aldehyde inhibited Aa-stimulated expression of inflammatory responses and inhibited intracellular bacterial survival via autophagy activation. These results suggest that trans-cinnamic aldehyde may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent for aggressive periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-voltage-gated potassium channel (anti-VGKC) antibody encephalitis is a common form of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). AE is usually associated with autoimmune diseases or paraneoplastic phenomena such as seen in small cell lung cancer. Clinical presentation can include memory impairment, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. We report a case of a 72-year-old male with non-small lung cancer in remission who presented with erosive gastritis and acute severe encephalopathy. Anti-VGKC antibody limbic encephalitis was diagnosed. Spontaneous resolution of encephalitis-associated changes on brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) with concomitant decreased circulating antibody levels were observed despite lack of overall cognitive improvement. AE: autoimmune encephalitis; AMPAR: antibody limbic encephalitis - anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis; Anti-VGKC encephalitis: anti-Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody encephalitis; CRP: c-reactive protein; CT: computed tomography; EEG: electroencephalography; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; MRImaging: Magnetic resonance imaging; NMDA-R encephalitis: Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis; PCR: polymerase chain reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reviewed three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children with mesenteric vasculitis (LMV) as initial presentation and analysed their clinical characteristics to improve the understanding of this disease. Three patients with SLE were admitted to our hospital and initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. We retrospectively analysed their clinical data, including clinical presentations, laboratory results, images and short- and long-term treatment outcomes. (1) All three children were school-age girls. The patients were presented to our hospital with vomiting and abdominal pain as initial symptoms. The patients also had urinary symptoms, including proteinuria in three cases, ureteropelvic dilatation in two cases and hydronephrosis in one case. (2) The patients had various positive autoantibodies and a low complement level. Two of the patients had blood system involvement, and one had central nervous system symptoms. (3) All of the patients had active SLE (SLEDAI-2K score ≥ 5 points and moderate to severe degree 10-24). (4) Abdominal CT scans with contrast showed the 'target sign' of the intestinal wall in case 1, a slightly thickened intestinal wall and blurry mesentery in case 2, and the 'comb sign' of the margin mesenteric blood vessels in case 3. (5) All three patients responded promptly to steroid therapy. The patients' symptoms improved rapidly after treatment. LMV is a rare SLE complication. The lack of comprehensive understanding of LMV's clinical presentation makes it considerably challenging to diagnose. LMV is also a serious complication of SLE that is often accompanied by concurrent damage to other organs. LMV often occurs with active SLE but responds rapidly to glucocorticoid therapy. Therefore, in order to make early diagnosis and treatment, we suggest checking autoantibodies and abdominal CT scans with contrast when children present with gastrointestinal symptoms and the involvement of other organs, especially the urinary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is significant interest in the development of a sustainable and integrated process for the extraction of essential oils and separation of biopolymers by using novel and efficient solvent systems. Herein, cassia essential oil enriched in coumarin is extracted from Cinnamomum cassia bark by using a protic ionic liquid (IL), ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), through dissolution and the creation of a biphasic system with the help of diethyl ether. The process has been perfected, in terms of higher biomass dissolution ability and essential oil yield through the addition of aprotic ILs (based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mim) cation and chloride or acetate anions) to EAN. After extraction of oil, cellulose-rich material and free lignin were regenerated from biomass-IL solutions by using a 1:1 mixture of acetone-water. The purity of the extracted essential oil and biopolymers were ascertained by means of FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and GC-MS techniques. Because lignin contains UV-blocking chromophores, the oil-free residual lignocellulosic material has been directly utilized to construct UV-light-resistant composite materials in conjunction with the biopolymer chitosan. Composite material thus obtained was processed to form biodegradable films, which were characterized for mechanical and optical properties. The films showed excellent UV-light resistance and mechanical properties, thereby making it a material suitable for packaging and light-sensitive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxaliplatin, a chemotherapy drug, induces acute peripheral neuropathy characterized by cold allodynia, spinal glial activation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we determined whether Cinnamomi Cortex (C. Cortex), a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia for cold-related diseases, could attenuate oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia in rats and the mechanisms involved. A single oxaliplatin injection (6 mg/kg, i.p.) induced significant cold allodynia signs based on tail immersion tests using cold water (4 °C). Daily oral administration of water extract of C. Cortex (WECC) (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for five consecutive days following an oxaliplatin injection dose-dependently alleviated cold allodynia with only a slight difference in efficacies between the middle dose at 200 mg/kg and the highest dose at 400 mg/kg. WECC at 200 mg/kg significantly suppressed the activation of astrocytes and microglia and decreased the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF in the spinal cord after injection with oxaliplatin. Furthermore, oral administration of coumarin (10 mg/kg), a major phytocompound of C. Cortex, markedly reduced cold allodynia. These results indicate that C. Cortex has a potent anti-allodynic effect in oxaliplatin-injected rats through inhibiting spinal glial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also suggest that coumarin might play a role in the anti-allodynic effect of C. Cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spices are prime source for flavor, aroma, and taste in cuisines and play an active role as medicines due to their high antioxidant properties. As medicine or food, the importance of spices cannot be overemphasized. The medicinal values of spices are very well established in treating various ailments like cancer, fever, malaria, stomach offset, nausea, and many more. A spice may be available in several forms: fresh, whole dried, or pre-ground dried which requires further processing to be utilized in the form of value-added product. This review paper deals with the cultivation, postharvesting, chemical composition, uses, health, and medicinal benefits of the selected spice viz., black pepper, coriander, cinnamon, fenugreek, turmeric, and technological advances in processing of spices viz., super critical fluid extraction, cryogenic grinding, and microencapsulation etc. This paper also focuses on issues related to utilization of spices toward its high end-product development and characterization in pharmaceuticals and other medicinal purposes. The availability of different spices and their varietal differences and location have their pertinent characters, which are much demanding to refine postharvest and processing to assure its quality in the international market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iatrogenic deaths are a concern for patients, physicians, and public health specialists. Most medicolegal investigation jurisdictions in the United States have the legal authority and mandate to investigate deaths associated with diagnostic/therapeutic procedures. Given the decreasing trends of autopsies performed in U.S. hospitals, forensic pathologists are likely to take on an even greater role in investigating these deaths. This is an overview and forensic pathological approach to fatal complications due to diagnostic and therapeutic medical events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lactone, 5 R-methyl-3-heptatriacontyl-2(5 H)-furanone ( 1), was isolated from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia. The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of high-resolution MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and improved method for the quality assessment of Cinnamomi Ramulus was developed and completely validated. The method was established using fingerprint technology and simultaneous quantitative determination of six main marker compounds including coumarin, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde in the herbal medicine for the first time. A newly developed high-performance thin-layer chromatography method, which achieved simultaneous definition of five marker components by comparing the colors and retardation factor values of the bands in high-performance thin-layer chromatography, was first used for the authentication of Cinnamomi Ramulus. The fingerprints of 26 batches of herbal samples from different regions of China showed very similar chromatographic patterns that were evaluated by similarity analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. In addition, six marker compounds were simultaneously determined using single standard to determine multiple components by the relative response factors. Compared with the external standard method, the new quantitative method was validated to determine multiple compounds in 26 batches of Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. All results demonstrated that the simple and rapid method could be effectively utilized for the quality control of Cinnamomi Ramulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By computer research, the literature of clinical and experimental studies on moxibustion therapy for chronic gastritis in the recent fifteen years was collected, sorted and analyzed, in order to understand the general situation about the clinical and experimental studies on moxibustion therapy for chronic gastritis, summarize the regularity of moxibustion therapy for chronic gastritis, so as to guide the treatment of chronic gastritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamaldehyde is an active monomer isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia, a traditional oriental medicinal herb, which is known to possess marked antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential advantages of using cinnamaldehyde in combination with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) therapy, as well as to investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on chemotherapeutic-associated gene expression. The synergistic interaction of cinnamaldehyde and chemotherapeutic agents on human CRC HT-29 and LoVo cells was evaluated using the combination index (CI) method. The double staining with Annexin V conjugated to fluorescein-isothiocyanate and phosphatidylserine was employed for apoptosis detection. The expression of drug-metabolizing genes, including excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), thymidylate synthase (TS), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and topoisomerase 1 (TOPO1), all in HT-29 and LoVo cells, with or without the addition of cinnamaldehyde, was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cinnamaldehyde had a synergistic effect on the chemotherapeutic agents cytotoxicity in HT-29 and LoVo cells. In addition, cinnamaldehyde suppressed BRCA1, TOPO1, ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression, except for OPRT expression, which was markedly upregulated. Our findings indicate that cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drug-metabolizing genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diagnosing canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is often challenging because all currently available tests have their limitations. Dogs with IMHA often have an increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (OF), a characteristic that is sometimes used in the diagnosis of IMHA. Since the classic osmotic fragility test (COFT) is time-consuming and requires specialized equipment, an easy and less labour-intensive rapid osmotic fragility test (ROFT) has been used in some countries, but its diagnostic value has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate erythrocyte osmotic fragility in dogs with and without IMHA, to compare results of the classic (COFT) and rapid (ROFT) test and to assess the value of the ROFT as diagnostic test for canine IMHA. Nineteen dogs with IMHA (group 1a), 21 anaemic dogs without IMHA (group 1b), 8 dogs with microcytosis (group 2), 13 hyperlipemic dogs (group 3), 10 dogs with lymphoma (group 4), 8 dogs with an infection (group 5) and 13 healthy dogs (group 6) were included. In all dogs, blood smear examination, in-saline auto-agglutination test, Coombs’ test, COFT and ROFT were performed. In the COFT, OF5, OF50 and OF90 were defined as the NaCl concentrations at which respectively 5, 50 and 90% of erythrocytes were haemolysed. Results: Compared with healthy dogs, OF5 and OF50 were significantly higher in group 1a (P < 0.001) and OF5 was significantly higher in group 3 (P = 0.0266). The ROFT was positive in 17 dogs with IMHA, 10 hyperlipemic dogs, one anaemic dog without IMHA and one healthy dog. Conclusions: Osmotic fragility was increased in the majority of dogs with IMHA and in dogs with hyperlipidemia, but not in dogs with microcytosis, lymphoma or an infection. Although more detailed information was obtained about the osmotic fragility by using the COFT, the COFT and ROFT gave similar results. The ROFT does not require specialized equipment, is rapid and easy to perform and can be used easily in daily practice. Although, the ROFT cannot replace other diagnostic tests, it may be a valuable additional tool to diagnose canine IMHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lipid oxidation is the main deterioration process that occurs in vegetable oils. This process was effectively prevented by natural antioxidants. Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) is rich with antioxidants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cinnamon on malondialdehyde (MDA) rate production in two high consumption oils in Iranian market. METHODS: Chemical composition of cinnamon essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). 200 µl each oil, 50 µl tween 20, and 2 ml of 40 Mm AAPH solutions were mixed and the prepared solution was divided into four glass vials. Respectively, 50 µl of 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of cinnamon essential oil were added to three glass vials separately and one of the glass vials was used as the control. All of the glass vials were incubated at 37° C water bath. Rate of MDA production was measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test at the baseline and after the 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 hours. RESULTS: Compounds of cinnamon essential oil by GC-MS analysis such as cinnamaldehyde (96.8%), alpha-capaene (0.2%), alpha-murolene (0.11%), para-methoxycinnamaldehyde (0.6%) and delta-cadinen (0.4%) were found to be the major compounds. For both oils, maximum rate of MDA production was achieved in 5th hours of heating. Every three concentrations of cinnamon essential oil significantly decreased MDA production (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION: Essential oil of cinnamon considerably inhibited MDA production in studied oils and can be used with fresh and heated oils for reduction of lipid peroxidation and adverse free radicals effects on body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]