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Background: Regional anesthesia ("block") is an important component of upper extremity (UE) surgery pain control. However, little is known about patient experience related to perioperative opioid use. This study assessed patient-reported pain control and satisfaction with UE blocks and evaluated how opioid consumption impacted these outcomes before the block "wore off." Methods: A postoperative phone survey was administered to patients who underwent outpatient UE surgery at a surgery center for more than 16 months. It assessed pain scores (scale 1-10), satisfaction with block duration (scale 1-5), duration until return of UE function, and opioid consumption. Analyses used Mann-Whitney U tests, Fisher exact tests, and bivariate and multivariable linear and ordered logistic regressions to understand relationships between opioid use and outcomes. Results: A total of 509 patients (61%) completed the survey, and 441 (88%) were satisfied with block duration. Initial and final pain scores were significantly higher in patients who took opioids prior to the block wearing off (6 and 4.5, P =.04 and 3.5 and 2, P =.002, respectively). Although satisfaction with block duration was not different in group comparisons (ie, patients who premedicated vs those who did not), in a multivariable analysis, patients who premedicated with opioids had 78% increased odds of reporting the highest level of satisfaction compared with the lower 4 levels (P =.03). Conclusions: Upper extremity blocks are associated with high overall patient satisfaction and postsurgical pain control. Premedicating before the block wears off may increase patient satisfaction with block duration even if pain is not notably impacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work relative value units (wRVUs) are an intricate component of physician reimbursement determination in the United States. This paper assesses whether wRVUs appropriately consider operative time in hand surgery. Methods: The 50 most common single Current Procedural Terminology code hand surgery cases were queried from the 2013 to 2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The average assigned wRVUs and median operative times were calculated for each CPT. Linear regressions were calculated between operative time, wRVUs, and wRVUs per hour. Cases deviating the most from the expected wRVUs based on operative time were identified. Results: In all, 46 800 cases comprising the top 50 most common hand surgery procedures were identified. Among these cases, the median (range) assigned operative time was 62 minutes (18-110), wRVUs were 7.5 (3.5-18.0), and wRVUs per hour was 8.3 (4.9-14.2). There was a positive linear correlation between operative time and wRVUs (R 2 = 0.60). Each additional operative hour was associated with an additional 6.3 wRVUs (P <.001). Based on this relationship, the assigned wRVUs for included cases ranged from 59.7% to 172.6% of expected. There was a weak negative relationship between wRVUs per hour and operative time (R 2 = 0.25). Cases shorter than 1 hour had more wRVUs per hour than those longer than 1 hour (10.0 vs. 8.1, P =.003). However, this relationship disappeared when considering case turnover. Conclusion: This study suggests a moderately strong positive correlation between wRVUs and operative time in hand surgery. Yet, numerous outliers from this trend exist, suggesting some discrepancies in reimbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]