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Since the nineteenth century, scholars have debated the controversial relationships between humanism, the Renaissance and the Reformation. Challenging the dominant narrative on the subject, Giovanni Tortoriello reconstructs the debates that characterized the early Reformation movements. He shows that Martin Luther's theology of the cross developed in reaction to the irenic tendencies of the Renaissance. With the spread of Platonism, Hermeticism, and Kabbalah in the fifteenth century, the identity of Christianity shifted and the boundaries between the different religions thinned. In response to this attempt to minimize the differences among the various religions, Luther reiterated the centrality and uniqueness of the salvific event of the cross. Confessional biases and theological prejudices have obliterated the role that Platonism, Hermeticism, and Christian Kabbalah played in the early Reformation debates. The author reconstructs these controversies and situates Luther's theology of the cross in this historical context.

Johann Michael Wansleben's Travels in Turkey, 1673–1676 is a hitherto unpublished version of a remarkable description of Istanbul, Izmir, and Bursa by the German scholar traveller Wansleben. Wansleben was in the Ottoman Empire to buy manuscripts, statuary, and curios for the French king, but it is his off-hand observations about Ottoman society that often make Wansleben's account such a valuable historical source. His experiences add to our knowledge of such diverse topics as prostitution in the Ottoman Empire, taxation, and the French consular system. His visit to Bursa is also noteworthy because few Western travellers included the first Ottoman capital in their tours of the East or described it at such length.

« L'art de vivre / de survivre / de revivre » : tel est le thème conducteur de ce volume que nous remettons aujourd'hui dans les mains du lecteur. Sa valeur principale est de combiner l'histoire de la Philologie Romane de Łódź, inscrite dans une série d'événements historiques tumultueux, avec celle des expériences pénibles du mo¬ment présent, marqué par la pandémie et la guerre : dans les deux cas, nous observons le phénomène de rupture qui, d'un tracé épais, sépare ce qui a été de ce qui est et de ce qui sera. La rupture chasse nos habitudes confortables ou neutralise les sources antérieures de nos maux et chagrins, et nous contraint incessamment à réfléchir sur les formes de vie de l'individu dans une nouvelle réalité et, par la force des choses, à réévaluer son actuel modus vivendi. Bien sûr, nous n'apprendrons pas à bien vivre du jour au lendemain ; pour le faire, nous avons besoin de distance temporelle et de sa fonction cognitive dont Marcel Proust parlait d'une manière si suggestive. Cependant, on peut dire avec certitude que l'art de vivre / de survivre / de revivre suppose une réflexion ancrée dans un axe temporel. Mais qu'est-ce que le temps? Ce qui n'est plus et ce qui n'est pas encore, mais aussi ce qui est à la frontière entre le passé et l'avenir, ce moment insaisissable qui meurt aussitôt qu'il naît. Ce nihilisme philosophique peut certes être atténué par la conception bergsonienne de la durée, la seule forme réelle de l'expérience du temps. Mais l'humaniste ne manquera pas de trouver, dans ces considérations, l'horizon intellectuel de ses propres réflexions et de s'interroger sur le quoi, le comment et le pourquoi. Il se penchera sur ce qui est et ce qui dure et sur les formes que la durée peut revêtir. Enfin, il donnera libre cours à son imagination pour modeler la vision de son propre avenir et celui de la communauté dont il fait partie.

In this magisterial book, William St Clair unfolds the history of the Parthenon throughout the modern era to the present day, with special emphasis on the period before, during, and after the Greek War of Independence of 1821–32. Focusing particularly on the question of who saved the Parthenon from destruction during this conflict, with the help of documents that shed a new light on this enduring question, he explores the contributions made by the Philhellenes, Ancient Athenians, Ottomans and the Great Powers. Marshalling a vast amount of primary evidence, much of it previously unexamined and published here for the first time, St Clair rigorously explores the multiple ways in which the Parthenon has served both as a cultural icon onto which meanings are projected and as a symbol of particular national, religious and racial identities, as well as how it illuminates larger questions about the uses of built heritage. This book has a companion volume with the classical Parthenon as its main focus, which offers new ways of recovering the monument and its meanings in ancient times. St Clair builds on the success of his classic text, The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period, to present this rich and authoritative account of the Parthenon's presentation and reception throughout history. With weighty implications for the present life of the Parthenon, it is itself a monumental contribution to accounts of the Greek Revolution, to classical studies, and to intellectual history.

Historians of the ancien régime have long been interested in the relationship between religion and politics, and yet many issues remain contentious, including the question of sacral monarchy. Scholars are divided over how - and, indeed, if - it actually operated. With its nuanced analysis of the cult of Saint Louis, covering a vast swathe of French history from the Wars of Religion through the zenith of absolute monarchy under Louis XIV to the French Revolution and Restoration, Sacral Kingship in Bourbon France makes a major contribution to this debate and to our overall understanding of France in this fascinating period. Saint Louis IX was the ancestor of the Bourbons and widely regarded as the epitome of good Christian kingship. As such, his cult and memory held a significant place in the political, religious, and artistic culture of Bourbon France. However, as this book reveals, likenesses to Saint Louis were not only employed by royal flatterers but also used by opponents of the monarchy to criticize reigning kings. What, then, does Saint Louis'cult reveal about how monarchies fostered a culture of loyalty, and how did sacral monarchy interact with the dramatic religious, political and intellectual developments of this era? From manuscripts to paintings to music, Sean Heath skilfully engages with a vast array of primary source material and modern debates on sacral kingship to provide an enlightening and comprehensive analysis of the role of Saint Louis in early modern France.

Historical Communities reveals the importance of urban history writing in early modern France, from the 1560s to the 1660s, both for individual towns and the French kingdom. Grounded in published and manuscript works, archival sources, correspondence, and research notes, the book demonstrates how historical traditions mattered to city inhabitants and how local elites combined historical narratives with social and political objectives. Numerous conflicts emerged, including debates regarding city origins, the early French Church, noble genealogies, and the memory of the French Wars of Religion. Simultaneously, provincial scholars maintained active contacts within the Republic of Letters, grounding local research and writing in developing erudite methodologies and making them integral to the ongoing process of forging a French historical identity.

What role did sacred music play in mediating Louis XIII's grip on power in the early seventeenth century? How can a study of music as'sounding liturgy'contribute to the wider discourse on absolutism and'the arts'in early modern France? Taking the scholarship of the so-called'ceremonialists'as a point of departure, Peter Bennett engages with Weber's seminal formulation of power to consider the contexts in which liturgy, music and ceremonial legitimated the power of a king almost continuously engaged in religious conflict. Numerous musical settings show that David, the psalmist, musician, king and agent of the Holy Spirit, provided the most enduring model of kingship; but in the final decade of his life, as Louis dedicated the Kingdom to the Virgin Mary, the model of'Christ the King'became even more potent – a model reflected in a flowering of musical publication and famous paintings by Vouet and Champaigne.

Particularly in the humanities and social sciences, festschriften are a popular forum for discussion. The IJBF provides quick and easy general access to these important resources for scholars and students. The festschriften are located in state and regional libraries and their bibliographic details are recorded. Since 1983 regularly published, 1,000 Festschriften from 20 countries with 20,000 articles are added annually. 12,000 articles are analyzed for subject content. You will have instant access to a multiplicity of topics irrespective of the original language of an indexed article.

Nicholas of Cusa and Early Modern Reform sheds new light on Cusanus'relationship to early modernity by focusing on the reform of church, the reform of theology, the reform of perspective, and the reform of method – which together aim to encompass the breadth and depth of Cusanus'own reform initiatives. In particular, in examining the way in which he served as inspiration for a wide and diverse array of reform-minded philosophers, ecclesiastics, theologians, and lay scholars in the midst of their struggle for the renewal and restoration of the individual, society, and the world, our volume combines a focus on Cusanus as a paradigmatic thinker with a study of his concrete influence on early modern thought. This volume is aimed at scholars working in the field of late medieval and early modern philosophy, theology, and history of science. As the first Anglophone volume to explore the early modern reception of Nicholas of Cusa, this work will provide an important complement to a growing number of companions focusing on his life and thought.

Die Frage nach der Identität des Elsass und der Elsässer ist immer aufs Neue gestellt worden, und ihr kommt aufgrund der Zusammenlegung der Region mit Lothringen und der Champagne-Ardenne zu einer Verwaltungseinheit gerade heute wieder besondere Aktualität zu. Der Blick zurück erlaubt ein tieferes Verständnis des umstrittenen'Grenzlandes'zwischen Rhein und Vogesen, wo sich im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts eine Dialektliteratur herausgebildet hat, die sich vor allem ab 1870, nachdem das Elsass an Deutschland gefallen war, zu institutionalisieren begann: Anthologien und Wörterbücher wurden veröffentlicht, Elsässische Theater gegründet, und das Elsässische Museum bemühte sich um den Erhalt der Alltags- und Regionalkultur. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand das Werk der aus einer unterelsässischen Apothekerfamilie stammenden Marie Hart (1856-1924), die den Wechsel der staatlichen Zugehörigkeit des Elsass nach dem Deutsch-Französischen Krieg und dem Ersten Weltkrieg sowie die sozialen Folgen wie Vertreibung, Flucht und identitären Wandel in der Bevölkerung verarbeitet. Anhand von Harts Werk wird deutlich, wie unterschiedlich die Antworten auf die Frage ausfielen, ob das Elsass nun französisch oder deutsch oder vielleicht doch etwas Eigenes sei.

A survey of the latest scholarship on Catholic missions between the 16th and 18th centuries, this collection of fourteen essays by historians from eight countries offers not only a global view of the organization, finances, personnel, and history of Catholic missions to the Americas, Africa, and Asia, but also the complex political, cultural, and religious contexts of the missionary fields. The conquests and colonization of the Americas presented a different stage for the drama of evangelization in contrast to that of Africa and Asia: the inhospitable landscape of Africa, the implacable Islamic societies of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires, and the self-assured regimes of Ming-Qing China, Nguyen dynasty Vietnam, and Tokugawa Japan.Contributors are Tara Alberts, Mark Z. Christensen, Dominique Deslandres, R. Po-chia Hsia, Aliocha Maldavsky, Anne McGinness, Christoph Nebgen, Adina Ruiu, Alan Strathern, M. Antoni J. Üçerler, Fred Vermote, Guillermo Wilde, Christian Windler, and Ines Zupanov.

Se presenta en este volumen la primera edición crítica de La puente de Mantible (ca. 1627-1630), comedia caballeresca temprana escrita por Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Recogida en la primera parte de comedias publicada por su autor en 1636, suele quedar en el olvido, a pesar del enorme interés que presenta por ser la adaptación de un relato en prosa, por su aportación al género caballeresco, por su posible lectura contextual y por la belleza de sus imágenes. Además, la obra muestra un claro ejemplo de influencia cervantina en Calderón, puesto que la historia de Fierabrás parece reactivarse gracias a alguna mención en el Quijote.El texto de la edición está basado en el de la Primera parte de Calderón (1636), corregido a partir de una suelta sevillana anterior, sin datos de imprenta, publicada a nombre de Lope de Vega, pues se trata de ramas de independientes.

Spain's infamous “false chronicles” were alleged to have been unearthed in 1595 in a monastic library deep in the heart of the German-speaking territories of the Holy Roman Empire by the Jesuit priest Jerónimo Román de la Higuera. Though rife with anachronisms and chronological inaccuracies, these four volumes of invented “truths” about Spanish sacred history radically transformed the religious landscape in Counter-Reformation Spain and were not definitively exposed as forgeries until centuries later, after nearly two hundred years of scholarly debate.              In this fascinating study, Katrina B. Olds explores the history, author, and legacy of one of the world's most compelling and consequential frauds. The book examines how a relatively obscure Jesuit priest so successfully fabricated a set of supposedly historical documents that they were accepted as authentic for generation after generation. The chronicles'influence was so powerful, in fact, that they continued to shape scholarly discourse, religious practice, and local heritage throughout Spain well into the twentieth century, despite having been debunked as forgeries in the eighteenth. Olds's fascinating analysis brings together intellectual, cultural, religious, and political history while reinvigorating an ongoing debate on the uses and abuses of history and the nature of historical and religious truth.

Cet ouvrage collectif de très grande qualité offre une synthèse des manifestations du christianisme en France du Moyen Âge à aujourd'hui. Il présente l'ensemble des manifestations religieuses, dominantes ou minoritaires, orthodoxes ou déviantes, en mettant l'accent sur la manière dont les laïcs ont vécu le religieux. Les résultats les plus récents de la recherche en histoire religieuse sont pris en compte.

In Secrets: Humanism, Mysticism, and Evangelism in Erasmus of Rotterdam, Bishop Guillaume Briçonnet, and Marguerite de Navarre, Jacob Vance argues that Erasmus and French Evangelical humanists made secrecy central to their literary thought. They revived Scriptural, medieval, and early Renaissance notions of secrecy in their spiritual and profane literature to advance the reforms in church and society that they advocated.Erasmus, Briçonnet, and Marguerite expanded on Origenian, Augustinian, and pseudo-Dionysian concepts of divine mystery, as being secret, throughout their works. By developing the idea that the divine remains both transcendent and immanent in the world of creation, these humanists explored, through literature, how the human spirit can either accede, or fail to accede, to the secrets of Christian wisdom.

Seit Marc Bloch und Ernst Kantorowicz ist vieles über die religiöse Legitimierung politischer Gewalt geschrieben worden, doch die Geschichte der Entscheidungsfindung ist von diesem Trend weitgehend unberührt geblieben. Wie aber lassen sich Einflüsse religiöser Vorstellungen auf die Politik untersuchen? Dieses Buch analysiert die Einflussnahme der Katholischen Reform auf das politische Kalkül in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Es behandelt den Widerstand gegen die antispanische Kriegspolitik in Frankreich, die bayerische Politik im Dreißigjährigen Krieg und das Scheitern der polnischen Monarchie im 17. Jahrhundert. Damien Tricoire eröffnet mit diesem Buch neue Sichtweisen auf die Verbindung von Politik und Religion in der Vormoderne.

This transnational history of Paris in 1919 explores the global implications of the revolutionary crisis of French society at the end of World War I. As the site of the peace conference Paris was a victorious capital and a city at the center of the world, and Tyler Stovall explores these intersections of globalization and local revolution. The book takes as its central point the eruption of political activism in 1919, using the events of that year to illustrate broader tensions in working class, race, and gender politics in Parisian, French, and ultimately global society which fueled debates about colonial subjects and the empire. Viewing consumerism and consumer politics as key both to the revolutionary crisis and to new ideas about working-class identity, and arguing against the idea that consumerism depoliticized working people, this history of local labor movements is a study in the making of the modern world.

In early seventeenth-century Spain, the Castilian parliament voted to elevate the newly beatified Teresa of Avila to co-patron saint of Spain alongside the traditional patron, Santiago. Saint and Nation examines Spanish devotion to the cult of saints and the controversy over national patron sainthood to provide an original account of the diverse ways in which the early modern nation was expressed and experienced by monarch and town, center and periphery. By analyzing the dynamic interplay of local and extra-local, royal authority and nation, tradition and modernity, church and state, and masculine and feminine within the co-patronage debate, Erin Rowe reconstructs the sophisticated balance of plural identities that emerged in Castile during a central period of crisis and change in the Spanish world.

A partir de 1806, sur ordre de Napoléon 1er, le ministère de l'Intérieur met en place une organisation centralisée du théâtre. La France est alors divisée en une vingtaine d'arrondissements théâtraux. Paris y nomme des directeurs de troupe qui sont dotés d'un monopole d'exploitation ou privilège. En échange, ces'privilégiés'doivent fournir aux préfets leurs répertoires, leurs itinéraires et le nom des artistes de leurs troupes. Ce livre montre un monde plein d'agitation, de cris, de sueurs. La vie théâtrale en Seine-et Marne et en Seine-et-Oise y est bien différente de la nôtre.

Reviews are an important aspect of scholarly discussion because they help filter out which works are relevant in the yearly flood of publications and are thus influential in determining how a work is received. The IBR, published again since 1971 as an interdisciplinary, international bibliography of reviews, it is a unique source of bibliographical information. The database contains entries on over 1.2 million book reviews of literature dealing primarily with the humanities and social sciences published in 6,820, mainly European scholarly journals. Reviews of more than 560,000 scholarly works are listed. The database increases every year by 60,000 entries. Every entry contains the following information: On the work reviewed: author, title On the review: reviewer, periodical (year, edition, page, ISSN), language, subject area (in German, English, Italian) Publisher, address of journal

On 18 August 1572, Paris hosted the lavish wedding of Marguerite de Valois and Henri de Navarre, which was designed to seal the reconciliation of France's Catholics and Protestants. Only six days later, the execution of the Protestant leaders on the orders of the king's council unleashed a vast massacre by Catholics of thousands of Protestants in Paris and elsewhere. Why was the celebration of concord followed so quickly by such unrestrained carnage? Arlette Jouanna's new reading of the most notorious massacre in early modern European history rejects most of the established accounts, especially those privileging conspiracy, in favour of an explanation based on ideas of reason of state. The Massacre stimulated reflection on royal power, the limits of authority and obedience, and the danger of religious division for France's political traditions. Based on extensive research and a careful examination of existing interpretations, this book is the most authoritative analysis of a shattering event.

A history of the role played by the Franciscans during the contentious Wars of Religion (1562-1594).The Politics of Piety situates the Franciscan order at the heart of the religious and political conflicts of the late sixteenth century to show how a medieval charismatic religious tradition became an engine of political change. The friars used their redoubtable skills as preachers, intellectual training at the University of Paris, and personal and professional connections with other Catholic reformers and patrons to successfully galvanize popularopposition to the spread of Protestantism throughout the sixteenth century. By 1589, the friars used these same strategies on behalf of the Catholic League to try to prevent the succession of the Protestant heir presumptive, Henryof Navarre, to the French throne. This book contributes to our understanding of religion as a formative political impulse throughout the sixteenth century by linking the long-term political activism of the friars to the emergence of the French monarchy of the seventeenth century. Megan C. Armstrong is Associate Professor of History at McMaster University.