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This study is an initial psychometric evaluation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Perpetration Scale (SOMS-P) and Gender Identity Microaggression Perpetration Scale (GIMS-P). Using data from 2,059 undergraduate students (Mage = 21.37, SD = 4.98; Range 18–68; 78.6% assigned female at birth, 13.3% self-identified as sexual minority person), item factor analysis for binary indicators and model comparisons indicated that a correlated four- and five-factor solution for the SOMS-P and GIMS-P, respectively, outperformed a one-factor and higher-order solutions. SOMS-P and GIMS-P scores were positively associated with self-reports of bullying, violence perpetration, and hostile attitudes toward individuals who self-identify as sexual or gender minorities. They were negatively associated with attitudes supportive of sexual or gender minority persons. Reliability of .80 and higher was observed only for theta values between + 0.40 to + 2.60 SD. The psychometric evaluation showed that, while there remain to be opportunities to examine their validity across diverse contexts, SOMS-P and GIMS-P are sound measures of the propensity for SOGI microaggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ackground: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of condition with physical, emotional, cognitive, affective and behavioural symptoms, in absence of organic or underlying psychiatric disease, that occur cyclically during luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve quickly at or within a few days of the onset of menstruation. In India prevalence of PMS ranges from 14.3%–74.4% and these symptoms affect social and interpersonal relationship, health related quality of life, academic performances, daily living activities, occupational productivity. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and assess the risk factors of PMS among medical undergraduates, GIMS, Kalaburagi. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 240 girl students of Gulbarga institute of medical sciences, Kalaburagi using simple random sampling from May to December 2023. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire and PMS was assessed by Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of PMS and PMDD was found to be 38% and 7% respectively. Irregular menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea, family h/o PMS/PMMD, tobacco and alcohol consumption, frequent experience of stress, experience of emotional or physical abuse and BMI were significantly associated with PMS. Conclusion: Incorporating educational modules will aid in providing accurate information, emotional, and medical assistance for women's menstrual health issues and improve their health seeking behaviour and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Passive smoking is associated with around 0.6 million deaths worldwide each year. Over one-third of the population is frequently exposed to cigarette smoke, either directly or indirectly. Smoking by parents in the presence of their children is seen as a serious public health concern. Although the hazards associated with smoking are well established, many parents still choose to smoke around their children. Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of smokers and to assess the parents' knowledge and practice about passive smoking. Material and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out by random selection of 300 subjects from four wards in the urban field practice area of GIMS (Gulbarga institute of medical sciences) Kalaburagi, in October 2023 to January 2024.Data was collected using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire and were entered and analysed in MS excel 2019. Results and Conclusion: 31%, 58.3% and 10.7% of subjects were having good, average and poor knowledge respectively and 43.7% of subjects were current smokers. Knowledge was significantly associated with age groups, education, occupation and socio-economic status. 58.8% were having satisfactory practices of passive smoking. The aggressive campaigns and programs need to be undertaken to enhance awareness about passive smoking among parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Real-Time Working Group (RTWG) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) is dedicated to providing high-quality data and high-accuracy products for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, navigation, timing and Earth observations. As one part of real-time products, the IGS combined Real-Time Global Ionosphere Map (RT-GIM) has been generated by the real-time weighting of the RT-GIMs from IGS real-time ionosphere centers including the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Wuhan University (WHU). The performance of global vertical total electron content (VTEC) representation in all of the RT-GIMs has been assessed by VTEC from Jason-3 altimeter for 3 months over oceans and dSTEC-GPS technique with 2 d observations over continental regions. According to the Jason-3 VTEC and dSTEC-GPS assessment, the real-time weighting technique is sensitive to the accuracy of RT-GIMs. Compared with the performance of post-processed rapid global ionosphere maps (GIMs) and IGS combined final GIM (igsg) during the testing period, the accuracy of UPC RT-GIM (after the improvement of the interpolation technique) and IGS combined RT-GIM (IRTG) is equivalent to the rapid GIMs and reaches around 2.7 and 3.0 TECU (TEC unit, 1016 el m−2) over oceans and continental regions, respectively. The accuracy of CAS RT-GIM and CNES RT-GIM is slightly worse than the rapid GIMs, while WHU RT-GIM requires a further upgrade to obtain similar performance. In addition, a strong response to the recent geomagnetic storms has been found in the global electron content (GEC) of IGS RT-GIMs (especially UPC RT-GIM and IGS combined RT-GIM). The IGS RT-GIMs turn out to be reliable sources of real-time global VTEC information and have great potential for real-time applications including range error correction for transionospheric radio signals, the monitoring of space weather, and detection of natural hazards on a global scale. All the IGS combined RT-GIMs generated and analyzed during the testing period are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042622 (Liu et al., 2021b).

Many studies have reported that there is a coupling mechanism between ionosphere and earthquake (EQ). Ionospheric anomalies in the form of abnormal increases and decreases of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) are even regarded as precursors to EQs. In this paper, TEC anomalies associated with three major EQs were investigated by Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) and GPS-TEC, including Kumamoto-shi, Japan—EQ occurred on 15 April 2016 with Mw = 7.0; Jinghe, China—EQ occurred on 8 August 2017 with Mw = 6.3; and Lagunas, Peru—EQ occurred on 26 May 2019 with Mw = 8.0. It was found that the negative ionospheric anomalies linger above or near the epicenter for 4–10 h on the day of the EQ. For each EQ, the 10-min sampling interval of TEC was extracted from three permanent GPS stations around the epicenter within 10 days before and after the EQ. Variations of TEC manifest that the negative ionospheric anomalies first appear 10 days before the EQ. From 5 days before to 2 days after the main shock, the negative ionospheric anomalies were more prominent than the other days, with the amplitude of negative ionospheric anomaly reaching −3 TECu and the relative ionospheric anomaly exceeding 20%. In case of Kumamoto-shi EQ, the solar-geomagnetic conditions were not quiet (Dst < −30 nT, Kp > 4, and F10.7 > 100 SFU) on the suspected EQ days. We discussed the differences between ionospheric anomalies caused by active solar-geomagnetic conditions and EQ. Combining the analysis results of Jinghe EQ and Lagunas EQ, under quiet solar-geomagnetic conditions (Dst > −30 nT, Kp < 4, and F10.7 < 100 SFU), it can be found that TEC responds to various solar-geomagnetic conditions and EQ differently. The negative ionospheric anomalies could be considered as significant signals of upcoming EQs. These anomalies under different solar-geomagnetic conditions may be effective to link the lithosphere and ionosphere in severe seismic zones to detect EQ precursors before future EQs.