308 results on '"G. M. Bond"'
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2. K. G. M. Bond, R. Nash and J. P. O’Connor, An Annotated Checklist of the Irish Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera)
- Author
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Young, Mark, primary
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. K. G. M. Bond, R. Nash and J. P. O’Connor, An Annotated Checklist of the Irish Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera)
- Author
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Mark R. Young
- Subjects
Entomology ,Ecology ,O'Connor ,language.human_language ,Checklist ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Geography ,Irish ,Animal ecology ,Insect Science ,language ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Published
- 2007
4. Mimicry of natural material designs and processes
- Author
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W. P. McNaughton, R.H. Richman, and G. M. Bond
- Subjects
Toughness ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,Structural material ,Natural materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Biological materials ,Mechanics of Materials ,Fabrication methods ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Ceramic ,Biomineralization - Abstract
Biological structural materials, although composed of unremarkable substances synthesized at low temperatures, often exhibit superior mechanical properties. In particular, the quality in which nearly all biologically derived materials excel is toughness. The advantageous mechanical properties are attributable to the hierarchical, composite, structural arrangements common to biological systems. Materials scientists and engineers have increasingly recognized that biological designs or processing approaches applied to man-made materials (biomimesis) may offer improvements in performance over conventional designs and fabrication methods. In this survey, the structures and processing routes of marine shells, avian eggshells, wood, bone, and insect cuticle are briefly reviewed, and biomimesis research inspired by these materials is discussed. In addition, this paper describes and summarizes the applications of biomineralization, self-assembly, and templating with proteins to the fabrication of thin ceramic films and nanostructure devices.
- Published
- 1995
5. Anaesthesia and Breast-feeding – the Effect on Mother and Infant
- Author
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A. M. Holloway and G. M. Bond
- Subjects
Adult ,Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Breast milk ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lactation ,medicine ,Humans ,Anesthesia ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Anesthetics ,media_common ,Milk, Human ,business.industry ,Infant ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Pathophysiology ,Breast Feeding ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Complication ,business ,Breast feeding - Abstract
In this paper, we summarise the physiology of lactation and discuss the pathophysiology brought about by fasting, stress and anaesthetic drugs. Drug secretion into breast milk and subsequent absorption by the infant is considered. Maternal hydration must be well maintained with intravenous fluids, allowing an added 500 to 1000 ml for daily fluid loss in lactation. Maternal premedication, general anaesthesia and routine postoperative analgesics are also discussed as to the effects on the breast-fed infant. Drug side-effects may be avoided by timing breast feeding just before the next due dose. Sedatives with long half-lives should not be used. Endocrine and metabolic responses to anaesthesia and surgery are less with regional anaesthesia than with general, hence regional anaesthesia is preferred where it is a reasonable alternative technique.
- Published
- 1992
6. Dynamic consolidation of superhard materials
- Author
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G. Liu, Wenbo Yang, G. M. Bond, Hua Tan, and Thomas J. Ahrens
- Subjects
Materials science ,Synthetic diamond ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metallurgy ,Diamond ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Indentation hardness ,law.invention ,Titanium powder ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Whisker ,Boron nitride ,Vickers hardness test ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Composite material - Abstract
Shock consolidation experiments were conducted via flyer impact on synthetic diamond (6–12 μm) and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) (4–8 μm) admixed with SiC whisker (SCW), Si3N4 whisker (SNW), SiC powder, and Si powder contained in stainless steel capsules under the shock pressure range of 10–30 GPa. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging of the samples revealed no plastic deformation or melting of diamond and virtually no deformation of c-BN, whereas the SCW and SNW were extensively melted and recrystallized into bundle-shaped crystallites. In contrast, SiC powder mixed with diamond was also melted but demonstrated equant grain growth. A new method to calculate the shock temperature and melt fraction is formulated on the basis of Milewski's sphere-rod packing data. The new method assigns excess bulk volume to the zone around whiskers and yields a better description of the energy deposition mechanism of the consolidation of powder-whisker systems. Some of the experiments employed Sawaoka's post-shock annealing technique, in which the sample is sandwiched between two layers of a mixture of titanium powder plus carbon. Very well consolidated samples were obtained with post-shock heating under shock pressures of only about 11 GPa. Micro-Vickers hardness values up to 27 GPa were obtained for c-BN plus SCW at a low impact velocity of 1.45 km/s with post-shock heating. This hardness is similar to that obtained at a higher impact velocity of 1.95 km/s without post-shock heating. To understand the post-shock heating process, one-dimensional time dependent temperature profile calculations were conducted for the sample and Ti + C layers. Post-shock heating appears to be very important in the consolidation of powder and whisker admixture. The calculated optimum Ti + C thickness is about 0.8–1.7 mm at a porosity of 40% for a typical sample thickness of 2 mm. The heating and cooling time is a few milliseconds. Good compacts with micro-Vickers hardness values up to 28 GPa were also obtained upon shock consolidation of diamond plus Si admixtures.
- Published
- 1992
7. ADDITIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO THE IRISH MICROLEPIDOPTERA LIST SINCE 2012.
- Author
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BOND, KEN G. M.
- Subjects
LEPIDOPTERA ,TINEIDAE ,GELECHIIDAE ,ANIMAL species ,ANIMALS - Abstract
This report summarises additions, amendments and corrections made since 2012 to the Irish Lepidoptera fauna. The species recorded include Phereoeca lodliVives (Tineidae) and Mesophleps ochraceella (Turati) (Gelechiidae), neither of which has been recorded from Great Britain. As a result of these additions and changes the current list of Irish Microlepidoptera stands at 909 species, compared with 858 on the 2012 list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
8. CHECKLIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) OF THE BURREN REGION OF WESTERN IRELAND.
- Author
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NELSON, BRIAN, O'DONNELL, MICHAEL, BOND, KEN G. M., CONNOR, ÁINE O., MARNELL, FERDIA, and COTTER, STEPHEN
- Subjects
LEPIDOPTERA ,MOTHS ,SPECIES ,ANNIVERSARIES - Abstract
The year 2024 marks the 75
th anniversary of the discovery of the Burren Green Calamia tridens in Ireland and we provide a complete checklist of the Lepidoptera of the Burren region of western Ireland, the first such list since 1967. The checklist is compiled from published sources and verified records. In total 1,002 species are listed as present in the region up to the end of 2023 which represents 65% of the Irish Lepidoptera fauna. 27 species are only present in the Burren region within Ireland and two of these are only found here within Britain and Ireland. The Burren region supports a significant proportion of the Irish Red-listed macromoths and butterflies. The history of recording in the Burren region is briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
9. A comparative study of changes in the fine structure of avian eggshells during incubation
- Author
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V. D. Scott, G. M. Bond, and R. G. Board
- Subjects
animal structures ,Morphology (linguistics) ,biology ,Hatching ,Zoology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Quail ,Altricial ,chemistry ,biology.animal ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Precocial ,Eggshell ,Incubation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
A scanning electron microscope study of the morphological changes which occur in shells of hen and quail eggs during incubation is described. The results are compared with observations on the shells of hatched eggs taken from a range of species. It was found that less change occurred in the shells of altricial species than precocial ones, the difference being associated presumably with a smaller calcium requirement for developing altricial embryos. The cores rather than the sides of mammillae appeared to be the major sites of erosion.
- Published
- 1988
10. AN ACCOUNT OF THE HATCHING STRATEGIES OF BIRDS
- Author
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R. G. Board, G. M. Bond, and V. D. Scott
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,Hatching ,Shell (structure) ,Zoology ,Hatching behaviour ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,The integument ,Integument ,Little owl ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Bobwhite quail - Abstract
Summary 1. Three basic hatching methods are described together with one subsidiary method. The symmetrical method is characterized by rotation of the chick in the egg during hatching climax; a line of damage around the circumference of the egg is evident at the beginning of a pushing phase which causes a fairly symmetrical cap to be broken from the shell. The asymmetrical method is used by a few long-billed species; it involves little or no rotation of the chick in the egg, and produces asymmetrical shell remains. The megapodes have developed a unique hatching method in response to their unusual incubation conditions. Parental assistance has been observed in some species, but only as an auxiliary to either the symmetrical or asymmetrical method. Approximately 150 species have been categorized according to the hatching method(s) they use. 2. Among those species adopting the symmetrical method, there is considerable variability as to how far the chick turns in the egg during hatching climax. On this basis, a spectrum of behaviour, expressed in terms of angle of rotation (θ), has been proposed. At one end lie species such as the bobwhite quail and little owl (θ≥ 360°), and at the other, the ostrich and rhea (θ≤ 90°). 3. The theory that, with the exception of the megapodes, there is only one basic hatching method is examined. The tenets of this theory are found to be inconsistent with recent observations of species differences in hatching behaviour. It is concluded that hatching behaviour is governed by an intrinsic species-specific programme, in turn influenced by mechanical or other external factors. 4. The literature contains several suggestions as to the external factors that might influence hatching technique, but only one detailed investigation. It is proposed that interspecific differences in the mechanical properties of the egg integument (the shell and its underlying membranes) can be regarded as forming a spectrum from very brittle to comparatively tough. The amount of climax rotation by the chick is seen as an adaptive response to brittleness or toughness of the egg integument. The hatching technique of the chick is further modified as a response to the effect of moisture content on the integument. 5. The selective pressures leading to the evolution of the symmetrical and asymmetrical hatching methods are discussed. The previous model for the development of the asymmetrical method is amended to account for those species of gull which may adopt either method.
- Published
- 1988
11. Correlation of mechanical properties of avian eggshells with hatching strategies
- Author
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R. G. Board, G. M. Bond, and V. D. Scott
- Subjects
Nest ,Hatching ,Ecology ,Perforation (oil well) ,Zoology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Eggshell ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Mechanical tests, including experiments designed to simulate the pipping and hatching processes, were combined with acoustic-emission analysis to show that the eggshells of some avian species (e.g. domestic hen and domestic duck) may be classified as hard and brittle, and others (e.g. Japanese quail and pigeon) as tougher and more flexible. Laboratory and field studies of hatching, and observations of cine films, demonstrated that these differences in the mechanical properties of the shell were related to hatching technique. Whilst chicks in hard brittle Shells made relatively few holes before pushing away a cap, the hatching of chicks contained in tougher, more flexible Shells was characterized by extensive Perforation along a latitude of the shell. Indeed, the latter often continued to perforate the shell for more than a complete revolution before pushing away a cap. The results are then discussed in relation to avian nest environment.
- Published
- 1986
12. The Birmingham Oral Contraceptive Trial
- Author
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J. A. H. Waterhouse, G. M. Bond, D. M. Sandilands, D. M. Shotton, P. Eckstein, and W. G. Mills
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Nausea ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Contraceptive Agents ,Breakthrough bleeding ,medicine ,Humans ,Ovulation ,Menstrual cycle ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,Gynecology ,Pregnancy ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Pelvic pain ,General Engineering ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Articles ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Contraception ,Pill ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Contraceptives, Oral ,Norethynodrel - Abstract
A report on the findings of the first phase of the Birmingham oral contraceptive (OC) trial (1960) is presented. 48 women were selected for the initial trial. The actual contents of the pills used was 2.3 mg norethynodrel and .036 mg ethinyl estradiol-3-methyl ether. 14 pregnancies occured 11 of which were definately due to tablet failure. There appeared to be no adverse effects of the regimen on pregnancy delivery lactation and the health of the infants. Spotting was reported by 37.5% of the women. The length of the menstrual cycle was noticeably increased by OC use although almost 33% of the cycles were interrupted by breakthrough bleeding. Generally side effects were relatively frequent but slight. Headache nausea and swollen tender breasts accounted for about 62% of all side effects. Backache and abdominal or pelvic pain were reported by about 19% of the patients. The method was highly acceptable to the women and no drop-outs resulted from side effects. It is suggested that with the 2.5 mg dose of norethynodrel the estrogen concentration becomes critical and may merely delay ovulation rather than inhibit it.
- Published
- 1961
13. Correlation of hatching techniques in some avian species with the mechanical properties of their eggs
- Author
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G M, Bond, V D, Scott, R G, Cooke, and R G, Board
- Subjects
Birds ,Species Specificity ,Eggs ,Animals ,Maternal Behavior ,Biomechanical Phenomena - Published
- 1980
14. Interface effect of Fe and Fe2O3 on the distributions of ion induced defects.
- Author
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Kim, Hyosim, Chancey, Matthew R., Chung, Thaihang, Brackenbury, Ian, Liedke, Maciej O., Butterling, Maik, Hirschmann, Eric, Wagner, Andreas, Baldwin, Jon K., Derby, Ben K., Li, Nan, Yano, Kayla H., Edwards, Danny J., Wang, Yongqiang, and Selim, Farida A.
- Subjects
POSITRON annihilation ,NUCLEAR reactor materials ,POINT defects ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,METAL defects ,EXTREME environments - Abstract
The stability of structural materials in extreme nuclear reactor environments—with high temperature, high radiation, and corrosive media—directly affects the lifespan of the reactor. In such extreme environments, an oxide layer on the metal surface acts as a passive layer protecting the metal underneath from corrosion. To predict the irradiation effect on the metal layer in these metal/oxide bilayers, nondestructive depth-resolved positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and complementary transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate small-scale defects created by ion irradiation in an epitaxially grown (100) Fe film capped with a 50 nm Fe
2 O3 oxide layer. In this study, the evolution of induced vacancies was monitored, from individual vacancy formation at low doses—10−5 dpa—to larger vacancy cluster formation at increasing doses, showing the sensitivity of positron annihilation spectroscopy technique. Furthermore, PALS measurements reveal how the presence of a metal–oxide interface modifies the distribution of point defects induced by irradiation. TEM measurements show that irradiation induced dislocations at the interface is the mechanism behind the redistribution of point defects causing their accumulation close to the interface. This work demonstrates that the passive oxide layers formed during corrosion impact the distribution and accumulation of radiation induced defects in the metal underneath and emphasizes that the synergistic impact of radiation and corrosion will differ from their individual impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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15. Effect of Surface Treatment with Alkaline Agents at Two Different Temperatures on Microshear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Composite Resin.
- Author
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Zavare, Faeze Jamali, Khosravani, Seyed Reza, Sabzivand, Moein, and Panahandeh, Narges
- Subjects
METAL analysis ,DENTAL implants ,DENTAL resins ,DENTAL bonding ,IN vitro studies ,DENTAL fillings ,HEATING ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,TEMPERATURE ,SODIUM compounds - Abstract
Background. Zirconia, with its excellent mechanical properties, has become a popular choice for esthetic and durable restorations due to the increasing demand of patients. It has overcome most of the limitations of all ceramic restorations. However, bonding to zirconia remains a challenge. Objectives. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of surface treatment with alkaline agents at two different temperatures on microshear bond strength (μSBS) of zirconia to composite resin. Materials and Methods. This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on zirconia blocks measuring 2 × 4 × 8 mm. The blocks were sandblasted with alumina powder and randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 16 each). The blocks in groups 1 and 2 underwent surface treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and groups 3 and 4 with zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) at room temperature and 70°C. Group 5 served as the control group and did not receive any surface treatment. After the application of bonding agent and its light-curing, composite cylinders in plastic tubes were bonded to the surface of each block and cured. After incubation, they underwent μSBS test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). Results. The μSBS was significantly higher in all intervention groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The μSBS in Zr(OH)4 groups was significantly higher than that in NaOH groups (P < 0.05). The mean μSBS of heated groups was slightly, but not significantly, higher than the corresponding room temperature groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Surface treatment of zirconia with NaOH and Zr(OH)4 alkaline agents can increase its μSBS to composite resin; Zr(OH)4 was significantly more effective than NAOH for this purpose, but heating did not have a significant effect on μSBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Recent developments in polysaccharide and lignin-based (nano)materials for CO2 capture.
- Author
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Nezafat, Zahra, Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud, Javanshir, Shahrzad, Baran, Talat, and Dong, Yahao
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,LIGNINS ,GREENHOUSE effect ,LIGNIN structure ,GLOBAL warming ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
Global warming in 2023 shows no signs of slowing down. The situation alarms scientists, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the international body responsible for regularly developing knowledge on climate change. Indeed, some impacts are already threatening the environment. Today, the average global temperature has increased by about 1 °C compared to the pre-industrial era (1850–1900). At the current rate, the increase in global average temperature will reach 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052. The greenhouse effect is unbalanced by human activities, in particular the use of fossil fuels (oil, gas, and coal), which lead to the release of greenhouse gases. CO
2 represents nearly 2/3 of global greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities and has the tendency to linger in the atmosphere for a long time. This is why the effect of other greenhouse gases is usually measured in CO2 equivalent. Current CO2 emissions will impact atmospheric concentrations and global temperatures for decades. To date, some solutions have been proposed to deal with this (energy transition, regulation of emissions, etc.). However, most of these solutions have not yet been sufficiently developed and/or do not offset the effects of ever-increasing industrialization on anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As a result, carbon capture and sequestration processes appear to be attractive solutions. CO2 capture can take place by absorption (chemical and/or physical) and/or adsorption (chemisorption and/or physisorption). Various compounds can act as sorbents, among which polysaccharides and lignin have special importance due to their many advantages, the most important of which are biodegradability, availability, relatively cheapness, environmental friendliness, etc. In this review, we report recent studies regarding polysaccharides and lignin-based materials for CO2 capture. Such materials can be in different forms such as composites, aerogels, hydrogels, pellets, heteroatom-doped materials, membranes, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous carbons, etc. These materials are used for CO2 capture through the adsorption or absorption processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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17. Green and Scalable Biopolymer‐Based Aqueous Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Zinc‐Ion Charge Storage Devices.
- Author
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Fernández‐Benito, Amparo, Martinez‐López, Juan Carlos, Javad Jafari, Mohammad, Solin, Niclas, Martinez, Jose G., Garcia‐Gimenez, Daniel, Ederth, Thomas, Inganäs, Olle, and Carretero‐González, Javier
- Subjects
ZINC ions ,OHMIC contacts ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,CHITOSAN ,BIOPOLYMERS ,INTERFACE stability ,POLYELECTROLYTES ,CARBOXYMETHYL compounds - Abstract
Green and scalable materials are essential to fulfill the need of electrification for transitioning into a fossil‐fuels free society, and sustainability is a requirement for all new technologies. Rechargeable batteries are one of the most important elements for electrification, enabling the transition to mobile electronics, electrical vehicles and grid storage. We here report synthesis and characterization of polyelectrolyte complexes of alginate and chitosan, both biopolymers deriving from the sea, for transport of zinc ions in hydrogel electrolytes. We have used vibrational spectroscopy, thermal measurements and microscopy, as well as transport measurements with ohmic or blocking contacts. The transference number for zinc ions is close to 1, the conductivity is ≈10 mS/cm, with stability at Zn interfaces seen through 7000 cycles in symmetric zinc//zinc cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. MICROLEPIDOPTERA REVIEW OF 2022.
- Author
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DAVIS, A. M. and TORDOFF, G. M.
- Subjects
LEPIDOPTERA ,SPECIES - Abstract
Noteworthy records of microlepidoptera obtained in the British Isles during 2022 are summarised. This includes three species new to the British Isles, one of which is already breeding. Numerous new vice-county records are detailed, with notable observations of 464 species in total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
19. A FURTHER RECORD OF BACTRA VENOSANA (ZELLER, 1847) (LEP.: TORTRICIDAE: OLETHREUTINAE: BACTRINI) FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND SOME DIAGNOSTIC NOTES.
- Author
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STERLING, MARK
- Subjects
TORTRICIDAE ,CODLING moth - Abstract
A fourth specimen of Bactra venosana (Zeller, 1847) is recorded for Great Britain and Ireland and diagnostic notes for distinguishing B. venosana from other UK species of Bactra are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
20. Helium Ion-Assisted Wet Etching of Silicon Carbide with Extremely Low Roughness for High-Quality Nanofabrication.
- Author
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Wen X, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen L, Sun J, and Hu H
- Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for a wide range of applications, including mechanical nano-resonators, quantum photonics, and non-linear photonics. However, its chemical inertness poses challenges for etching in terms of resolution and smoothness. Herein, a novel approach known as helium ion-bombardment-enhanced etching (HIBEE) is presented to achieve high-quality SiC etching. The HIBEE technique utilizes a focused helium ion beam with a typical ion energy of 30 keV to disrupt the crystal lattices of SiC, thus enabling wet etching using hydrofluoric acids and hydrogen peroxide. The etching mechanism is verified via simulations and characterization. The use of a sub-nanometer beam spot of focused helium ions ensures fabrication resolution, and the resulting etched surface exhibits an extremely low roughness of ≈0.9 nm. One of the advantages of the HIBEE technique is that it does not require resist spin-coating and development processes, thus enabling the production of nanostructures on irregular SiC surfaces, such as suspended structures and sidewalls. Additionally, the unique interaction volume of helium ions with substrates enables the one-step fabrication of suspended nanobeam structures directly from bulk substrates. The HIBEE technique is expected to facilitate and accelerate the prototyping of high-quality SiC devices., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Adaptation of Relined Fiber Post Using Discontinuous Short Fiber-Reinforced Resin Composite to Restore Weakened Endodontically-Treated Premolars.
- Author
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Alshetiwi, Dawood Salman Dawood, Muttlib, Nor Aidaniza Abdul, El-Damanhoury, Hatem M., Alawi, Rabihah, Rahman, Normastura Abd, and Elsahn, Nesrine Aly
- Subjects
FIBROUS composites ,DENTAL pulp cavities ,BICUSPIDS ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,FIBERS - Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of relining prefabricated fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts using bulk-fill, flowable, discontinuous short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) on intracanal adaptation in weakened endodontically-treated premolar teeth. Materials and Methods Forty extracted human premolar teeth were selected and randomly allocated to five groups (n = 8) according to the canal preparation method and restorative technique after endodontic treatment: Group 1 (control): nonflared, closed apex root canals; group 2, 4: flared, open-apex root canals; group 3, 5: flared, closed apex root canals. Groups 1 to 3 were restored with standard RelyX fiber post size #1, while groups 4 and 5 were restored with customized RelyX fiber post size #1 and relined with bulk-fill flowable SFRC (everX Flow, GC, Tokyo, Japan). To evaluate intracanal adaptation, the empty root of each sample with the corresponding fiber post (standard or customized) inserted was measured twice using a micro-digital scale and the average value was calculated. The post was then removed, followed by the insertion of a light body polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material into the canal, followed by reinsertion of the post and removal of excess material once the PVS was set. Finally, the sample weight was recorded, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p -value = 0.05). Results A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in PVS material weight was identified between the groups. Group 1 (control) had the lightest weight of PVS material, followed by groups restored with customized fiber posts (groups 4 and 5) and standard fiber posts (groups 2 and 3). Conclusion Anatomically-customized fiber posts with bulk-fill flowable SFRC provided better intracanal adaptation compared with standard fiber posts in teeth with compromised root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. C. Berg sawdust as glue-extender in urea formaldehyde-adhesive in enhancing Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. veneer joint bonding strength.
- Author
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Antwi-Boasiako, C. and Abam, S.
- Abstract
Expensive adhesives and preservative-chemicals pose challenges to the wood composite industry. Adhesive-extenders reduce cost and enhance ply-joint bonding strength. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) extender was substituted with Milicia excelsa sawdust to formulate five extender-combinations: A (no sawdust), B (100% cassava flour); C (25% cassava flour, 75% sawdust); D (75% cassava flour, 25% sawdust); E (50% cassava flour, 50% sawdust) and F or control (100% cassava flour with 10 g Fossect 88 insecticide). Each glue-mixture contained 3 kg UF (primary resin), hardener (0.6 kg) and water (4.5 l). Ceiba pentandra ply-joint bond strength was subjected to knife-test under dry and cold/moist conditions. Glue-line durability was determined through outdoor exposure. Viscosities for the formulations ranged between 2600cps (for C) to 265cps (for B and F). C had the fastest spreadability(231.67 g/m) and F the least (188.33 g/m). Bond strength for D dry-pressed plies (88.750%)] was greatest and E's (72.083%) the weakest. Bonds weakened under moist conditions; however, C plies' (73.33%) remained strongest and F's (67.083%) the weakest. C plies degraded most outdoors (mass loss: 54.434%); F (13.89%) and E (42.964%) performed well. Normal C. pentandra boards lost 28.975%. Visual durability rating followed similar pattern. Appropriately formulated, sawdust from other durable hardwoods has utilization potential as glue/adhesive-extender and would serve as durable in-line treatment for chemical protection of wood composites alongside conventional preservative-chemical in glue mixtures. These need be explored by the wood and other related industries to enhance timber recovery, efficient total utilization and ensure eco-friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Exploratory Study on Sustainable Operations Management Indicators.
- Author
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Kassa, Kirubel Bruck, Ensermu, Matiwos, and Temesgen, Busha
- Subjects
OPERATIONS management ,LITERATURE reviews ,EXPLORATORY factor analysis ,PRODUCT life cycle ,PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing) - Abstract
Sustainable Operations Management (SOM) practices must include coordinating, integrating, and directing activities both inside and outside organisational boundaries in order to achieve the desired economic, social and environmental goals. The aim of this article is to use exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine whether or not there is a consistent set of factors underlying each of Ethiopia’s largest manufacturing firms’ SOM dimensions. We primarily defined SOM practices through a literature review. We looked for the most popular subjects in this field and took care to cover operations in all phases that occur in the product life cycle, from conception to the procurement of raw materials to the management of production processes and supply chains. The measurement items indicators for SOM practices were then summarised based on earlier validated studies and in accordance with the literature review. A total of 223 operations managers from large manufacturing companies in Ethiopia participated in a paper survey. In this paper, a literature review and an EFA were used to illustrate the fundamental SOM practices and their corresponding measurement items, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
24. Reassessment of Tegehotherium burmeisteri Ameghino 1903–1904 (Notoungulata, hegetotheriidae) and a New Phylogenetic Analysis of Hegetotheriidae.
- Author
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Seoane, Federico D., Cerdeño, Esperanza, and Gaetano, Leandro C.
- Abstract
Within the notoungulate family Hegetotheriidae, some species have not been analyzed since their original publication more than a century ago. Here we present the first re-evaluation of Tegehotherium burmeisteri, including a detailed description of its holotype in an updated comparative framework, a species presumably coming from the Trelew Member of the Sarmiento Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina). Tegehotherium burmeisteri is included for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis centered in the interrelationships of hegetotheriids and defining clades according to the PhyloCode. Tegehotherium burmeisteri is recovered as a hegetotheriine closely related to Sallatherium and Hegetotherium; Hegetotheriopsis sulcatus is the earliest branch of the clade Hegetotheriidae, whereas Prohegetotherium and Paedotherium turn out to be paraphyletic, reinforcing results obtained in recent studies. The family Hegetotheriidae and both subfamilies, Hegetotheriinae and Pachyrukhinae, are recovered as monophyletic groups and defined phylogenetically, as well as two new clades: Pachyrukhini and Hemihegetotheriomorpha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Plate Rotation of the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Since the Late Cretaceous: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Scotia Sea Region.
- Author
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Gao, Liang, Zhao, Yue, Yang, Zhenyu, Pei, Junling, Zhang, Shuan‐Hong, Liu, Xiaochun, Tong, Yabo, Liu, Jian‐Min, and Bastías, Joaquin
- Subjects
PENINSULAS ,ROTATIONAL motion ,SUBDUCTION zones ,PALEOCENE Epoch ,SUBDUCTION ,PLATE tectonics - Abstract
Plate reconstructions provide basic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula but they are limited by a scarcity of paleomagnetic data. Here, using a combination of new and published paleomagnetic data and geological evidence, we present an updated reconstruction of the plate rotation and spatio‐temporal history of magmatism of the northern Antarctic Peninsula since ∼90 Ma. The Phoenix Plate‐Antarctic Peninsula convergence variation and back‐arc extension of the Scotia Plate are correlated to five distinct plate rotation periods. The initiation of the ancestral South Sandwich subduction zone and the late Paleocene separation between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America may be explained by the small‐ and large‐scale clockwise rotation of the Antarctic Peninsula starting at ∼80 and 62 Ma, respectively. Furthermore, we have identified five pulses of magmatism, which are correlated to the Phoenix Plate‐Antarctic Peninsula convergence rates. The Antarctic Peninsula plate rotation fits well with the process observed in the Phoenix Plate subduction, long‐term variation of the magmatism and tectonic evolution in the Scotia Sea, clarifying the relationship between these geological events. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we update the northern Antarctic Peninsula‐South Shetland Islands plate rotation process since ∼90 Ma. Five new enhanced magmatic events are identified in the northern Antarctic Peninsula‐South Shetland Islands, and we also reconstruct the migration of magmatism. Then, we compare plate rotation and magmatic migration to the Phoenix Plate‐Antarctic Peninsula convergence, and find a strong correlation between these events. The abrupt change in the convergence rate is attributed to the enhanced magmatic events. The clockwise rotation of the northern Antarctic Peninsula also corresponds to the Late Cretaceous initiation of the ancestral South Sandwich subduction zone and the late Paleocene separation of the northern Antarctic Peninsula from South America, indicating a causal relationship. The counterclockwise rotation of the northern Antarctic Peninsula after ∼47 Ma facilitated lithospheric extension and basin opening in the South Scotia Ridge region, contributing to the opening of the Scotia Sea. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive interpretation of the geological process in Scotia Sea regions, from slab subduction and overlaying plate rotation to magmatic evolution and continental separation. Key Points: We provide an updated reconstruction of the plate rotation and magmatic process of the northern Antarctic Peninsula since ∼90 MaThe relationship between Phoenix Plate subduction, northern Antarctic Peninsula plate rotation, and magmatic migration is reconstructedThe northern Antarctic Peninsula's plate rotation is linked to Weddell Sea crust subduction and the late Paleocene opening of the Scotia Sea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Sustainable Operations Management: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda.
- Author
-
Kassa, Kirubel Bruck, Ensermu, Matiwos, and Temesgen, Busha
- Subjects
OPERATIONS management ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
The number of professionals working in manufacturing operations who are interested in sustainable operations management (SOM) is growing. This is primarily due to an increased awareness of the negative effects that manufacturing operations have on the natural world. This article brings together empirical academic research on sustainable operations management. Via a systematic literature review, we investigate 96 articles and books on sustainable operations management published between 1994 and 2022. These studies are analyzed based on the following themes: (1) the definitions of sustainable operations management, (2) sustainable operations management practices and (3) empirical outcomes of sustainable operations management practices. Based on this analysis, we develop a more inclusive definition of sustainable operations management. We put forward three future research suggestions: (1) a holistic investigation of the relationship between SOM practices and sustainable performance (2) the consideration of all the triple bottom-line dimensions (environmental, social and economic); and (3) moving from a qualitative dominance to using quantitative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
27. The packaging redesign issue – space exploitation and environmental benefits.
- Author
-
Georgakoudis, Elias D., Pechlivanidou, Georgia G., and Tipi, Nicoleta S.
- Subjects
SPACE (Architecture) ,PACKAGING ,PACKAGING recycling ,FREIGHT forwarders ,SUPPLY chains ,PALLETS (Shipping, storage, etc.) ,PACKAGING design ,VALUE (Economics) - Abstract
Purpose: This paper seeks to analyze the concept of packaging re-design with the main purpose to better exploit the utilized space within a secondary packaging, pallet and/or to make better use of transport, respectively. In addition, it investigates and discusses the importance of space exploitation in relation to environmental benefits, the industry and the community in general. Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on a specific case study, in which two different options of a bottle with the same capacity are investigated in terms of: shape and space utilization. The investigation includes a detailed numerical comparison between the bottles, in order to show the strengths and weaknesses of each option. Findings: The analysis provides evidence that any shape improvements could result into benefits such as: reduce waste, increase space utilization and increase the number of transported products per load. This in turn could reduce the energy and CO
2 emissions required per unit of product carried or stored. The analysis shows that a better utilization of the space could further offer significant economic benefits for the company with respect to transportation and warehousing. Research limitations/implications: However, the proposed packaging design solutions are proposed with the guarantee that the protection of the product is ensured, the logistics activities are facilitated as expected, the needs of the user are fully covered and the cost is maintained low. This solution, therefore, addresses the economic, social and environmental aspect of packaging. Originality/value: This paper fulfills an identified need to study the relation between the packaging redesign concept and the various environmental and economic benefits for the industry and the participants of the supply chain, while maintaining the needs of the user. This works contributes to other more recent studies that are concerned with packaging design innovation that respond to key environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR DYNAMICS (MD) SIMULATION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.
- Author
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TALEI, SAEED, HADJADJ, RACHID, MIZSEY, PÉTER, and OWEN, MICHAEL C.
- Subjects
CARBONIC anhydrase ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,HYDROGEN bonding ,TEMPERATURE effect ,CONFORMATIONAL analysis - Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is a computational method for analyzing the physical movements of atoms and molecules allowed to interact for a fixed duration of time. In this study, the thermal stability of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the reaction of water and carbon dioxide, was investigated. Our simulations were performed in a box of water at four different temperatures, 300 K, 310 K, 320 K, and 330 K. The duration of each simulation was 100 ns, and thereafter the hydrogen bonds, Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), as well as Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) were analyzed. Moreover, cluster analysis was done to identify representative structures at each temperature. The results showed that changing the temperature did not significantly impact the number of hydrogen bonds. The SASA had more fluctuation when the temperature increased. Moreover, the higher the temperature of the simulation was, the more clusters were obtained. The higher number of clusters indicates higher conformational flexibility and less-stable conformers forming during the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. MICROLEPIDOPTERA REVIEW OF 2021.
- Author
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DAVIS, A. M. and TORDOFF, G. M.
- Subjects
LEPIDOPTERA - Abstract
Noteworthy records of microlepidoptera obtained in the British Isles during 2021 are summarised. This includes two species new to the British Isles. A further two new species are reported from previous years. numerous new vice-county records are detailed, with notable observations of 420 species in total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
30. Southern hemisphere tectonics in the Cenozoic shaped the pantropical distribution of parrots and passerines.
- Author
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Selvatti, Alexandre Pedro, Galvão, Ana, Mayr, Gerald, Miyaki, Cristina Yumi, and Russo, Claudia Augusta de Moraes
- Subjects
GONDWANA (Continent) ,PASSERIFORMES ,PARROTS ,CENOZOIC Era ,FOSSILS ,TIME management - Abstract
Aim: Explanations of pantropical distributions are challenging for taxa that diverged during the Cenozoic, after Gondwana broke apart. The 'boreotropics hypothesis' suggests that pantropical birds originated in the Laurasian forests. Extant parrots (Psittaciformes) are one the most species‐rich pantropical avian clades, but their known evolutionary history does not fit a boreotropical origin. Most living parrots and the earliest diverging lineages of the Psittaciformes inhabit the remnants of Gondwana, whereas the oldest stem and crown fossils are from the remnants of Laurasia. Our study proposes a biogeographic hypothesis that focuses on the Cenozoic connections between Laurasia and Gondwana to explain extant and fossil geographical distributions. Location: Global. Taxon: Psittaciformes. Methods: We generated a time tree using previously derived data from 32 molecular markers for 312 parrot species and reconstructed their biogeographic history using maximum likelihood. Two scenarios were compared: one with dispersal constrained to adjacent areas, including the connections between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and one without this constraint. Results: Our results indicate that the pantropical distribution of parrots was shaped by two major geological events. First, the final breakup of parts of Gondwana may have caused the first splits within crown parrots, establishing two parallel radiations: Psittacidae in the Neotropics and Psittaculidae in Australasia. Second, igneous palaeoprovinces could have connected major biogeographic realms. It seems that Atlantogea and Eurogondwana were important, as they connected South America, Africa and Europe, thus reconciling the Gondwanan crown splits and the early Laurasian fossils. Main Conclusions: Our time tree allowed more concise biogeographic correlations between parrots and their sister group, the passerines and Earth's tectonic history. The crown lineages of Psittacopasseres appear to have originated in the Southern Hemisphere remnants of Gondwana, but stem lineages appear to have been able to disperse into the Northern Hemisphere through palaeobiogeographic provinces in the Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Corporate bankruptcy: Evidence from the plastics and packaging industry in Indonesia.
- Author
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Nafisa, Adita, Muhammad, Helmi, and Sari, Niki Puspita
- Subjects
CORPORATE bankruptcy ,PACKAGING industry ,PLASTICS industries ,STOCK exchanges ,FINANCIAL performance - Abstract
This study aims to analyze the bankruptcies of companies in the plastic and packaging industry listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. This analysis is essential to know the condition of the company's performance and in what position. The hope is to assist stakeholders in making the best decisions for sustainability. The positive contribution of the plastics and packaging industry in supporting economic growth in Indonesia, as well as the challenges of global issues regarding the negative impact of use, requires companies to avoid financial distress or bankruptcy. However, recent research argues that very few company management try hard to avoid the risk of bankruptcy. This type of quantitative descriptive research takes a sample of 10 companies selected purposively with predetermined criteria. Following the arguments of Altman (1983), the research analysis uses the Altman Z-Score for a sample of firms in one homogeneous industry. The results showed that, in general, the plastic and packaging industry was potentially vulnerable and had financial distress or went bankrupt, and there was only one healthy company. The results of this study also have an essential contribution for stakeholders to detect early on the company's financial condition and help make sound managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Sponge‐Like Nickel Carbonate of High Porosity and Carbonate Vacancy for High‐Performance CO2 Photoreduction.
- Author
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Yang, Bixia, Zheng, Yanting, Wen, Yonglin, Zhang, Tingshi, Lin, Mingxiong, Yan, Jiawei, Zhuang, Zanyong, and Yu, Yan
- Subjects
NICKEL carbonates ,NICKEL catalysts ,PHOTOREDUCTION ,METAL catalysts ,CARBON sequestration ,POROSITY ,CARBONATE minerals ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
As most of the fossil carbon on earth is stored in an oxidized state as carbonate minerals, exploration of metal carbonate catalyst for selective CO2 reduction can open appealing access to boost the CO2 capture and storage. However, carbonate is commonly regarded as a poor matrix to host photocatalytic active species, and current literature has few reports of carbonate‐based photocatalytic material. Herein, a hierarchically porous catalyst that features ≈5 nm deficient NiCO3 nanoparticles embedded in sponge‐like high‐magnesium calcite is disclosed. In the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, the as‐prepared catalyst of low Ni content attains a high CO production rate of 10 565 µmol g−1 h−1 and a high selectivity of 94% relative to H2 evolution, a performance that surpasses many other state‐of‐the‐art nickel‐based catalysts. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the carbonate vacancy of NiCO3 strengthens the adsorption and activation of CO2 more significantly than the corresponding oxygen vacancy of NiO. The inert CO2 molecule becomes highly deformed on the surface of NiCO3 which can be readily activated to the key intermediate CO2·− for the photoreduction reaction. The present findings add to the existing knowledge of advanced catalysis using defect materials and demonstrate an intriguing and rare case of highly performing carbonate‐based catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PACKAGING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW.
- Author
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HOSU, Alin-Ionuț, GLOGOVEȚAN, Alexandra-Ioana, and POCOL, Cristina Bianca
- Subjects
FOOD packaging design ,PACKAGING recycling ,PLASTICS in packaging ,PACKAGED foods ,PLASTIC scrap ,PACKAGING design - Abstract
Packaging plays an essential role in ensuring that goods are delivered safely and in good condition to the final consumer within supply chains. Packaging also has many potentials to help with the long-term development of food products. This review paper investigates consumer perceptions and understanding of design food packaging and how design packaging can help the environmental pillar of sustainable development. A literature analysis was conducted using the search strategy in Web of Science as well as other suitable international databases based on their global accessibility and researchers' library access. The result indicates that, from the consumer's standpoint, the essential aspect of sustainable packaging is represented by packing materials, and the packaging design must contain information about recycling actions. Considering the current issues, such as plastic waste and plastic packaging, the consumers believe that sustainable packaging is not as available on the food market as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
34. Crystallographic Analysis of Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior in Aluminum Alloy Using Diffraction Contrast Tomography.
- Author
-
Kyosuke Hirayama, Hiroyuki Toda, Takafumi Suzuki, Masayuki Uesugi, Akihisa Takeuchi, and Wolfgang Ludwig
- Subjects
HYDROGEN embrittlement of metals ,HYDROGEN analysis ,TOMOGRAPHY ,SURFACE segregation ,CRYSTAL orientation ,ALUMINUM alloys ,EMBRITTLEMENT - Abstract
Crystallographic assessment of the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy was performed by means of a technique combining fracture trajectory analysis and synchrotron X-ray diffraction contrast tomography. The 3D microstructure reconstructed using diffraction contrast tomography contained 119 grains. Fracture surfaces revealing intergranular fracture, ductile fracture, and quasi-cleavage fracture were observed in the alloy. While the intergranular crack initiated at a grain boundary with high grain boundary energy and a high angle between the grain boundary plane and loading direction, the crack propagation itself was not observed to be sensitive to these two parameters. The quasi-cleavage fracture surfaces were not characterized by any specific crystal orientation because of variation in the free surface segregation energy of hydrogen uniforms without depending on surface orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Engineering Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photoenzymatic Reduction of CO2.
- Author
-
Zhao, Zhengfeng, Zheng, Dong, Guo, Menglei, Yu, Jiangyue, Zhang, Sainan, Zhang, Zhenjie, and Chen, Yao
- Subjects
SYNTHETIC enzymes ,ARTIFICIAL photosynthesis ,ALKENES ,FORMIC acid ,ENERGY shortages ,SOLAR energy ,NAD (Coenzyme) - Abstract
It is of profound significance concerning the global energy and environmental crisis to develop new techniques that can reduce and convert CO2. To address this challenge, we built a new type of artificial photoenzymatic system for CO2 reduction, using a rationally designed mesoporous olefin‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) as the porous solid carrier for co‐immobilizing formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and Rh‐based electron mediator. By adjusting the incorporating content of the Rh electronic mediator, which facilitates the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor (NADH) from NAD+, the apparent quantum yield can reach as high as 9.17±0.44 %, surpassing all reported NADH‐regenerated photocatalysts constructed by crystalline framework materials. Finally, the assembled photocatalyst–enzyme coupled system can selectively convert CO2 to formic acid with high efficiency and good reusability. This work demonstrates the first example using COFs to immobilize enzymes for artificial photosynthesis systems that utilize solar energy to produce value‐added chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Engineering Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photoenzymatic Reduction of CO2.
- Author
-
Zhao, Zhengfeng, Zheng, Dong, Guo, Menglei, Yu, Jiangyue, Zhang, Sainan, Zhang, Zhenjie, and Chen, Yao
- Subjects
SYNTHETIC enzymes ,ARTIFICIAL photosynthesis ,ALKENES ,FORMIC acid ,ENERGY shortages ,SOLAR energy ,NAD (Coenzyme) - Abstract
It is of profound significance concerning the global energy and environmental crisis to develop new techniques that can reduce and convert CO2. To address this challenge, we built a new type of artificial photoenzymatic system for CO2 reduction, using a rationally designed mesoporous olefin‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) as the porous solid carrier for co‐immobilizing formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and Rh‐based electron mediator. By adjusting the incorporating content of the Rh electronic mediator, which facilitates the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor (NADH) from NAD+, the apparent quantum yield can reach as high as 9.17±0.44 %, surpassing all reported NADH‐regenerated photocatalysts constructed by crystalline framework materials. Finally, the assembled photocatalyst–enzyme coupled system can selectively convert CO2 to formic acid with high efficiency and good reusability. This work demonstrates the first example using COFs to immobilize enzymes for artificial photosynthesis systems that utilize solar energy to produce value‐added chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Research on the Trust Mechanism of Individual Consumers in Rural Financial Markets Based on the Dynamic CGE Model.
- Author
-
Lin, Fang and Chen, Wenxiang
- Subjects
COMPUTABLE general equilibrium models ,FINANCIAL markets ,DYNAMIC models ,QUALITY of service ,FUZZY algorithms ,EVOLUTIONARY algorithms ,RURAL development - Abstract
In order to obtain the complete equilibrium state of rural financial market and ensure the stable development of rural financial consumer market, this paper introduces CGE model and analyzes the dynamic trust mechanism of individual consumers in rural financial market. In this paper, the single variable evolutionary fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to analyze the orthogonal eigenvector solutions of individual consumers; the big data of individual consumers under the mode of perceived trust is automatically clustered, so as to obtain the fuzzy analogy function of individual consumers in the rural financial market; and finally the prediction value of consumer trust is obtained. The results show that trust, customer satisfaction, and service quality are positively correlated. Under the same sample expectation constraints, the dynamic CGE model is more robust, and the individual consumer trust mechanism of rural financial market in the study area has higher advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Evaluation of Sambucus nigra as a Natural Food Additive.
- Author
-
Imola-Noémi, NAGY, PUGNA, Andreea-Adelina, HODIŞAN, Bogdan Florin, BIRIŞ-DORHOI, Suzana-Elena, SOCACI, Sonia-Ancuța, and TOFANĂ, Maria
- Published
- 2022
39. Investigating sustainable packaging practices: a framework approach.
- Author
-
Lekesiztürk, Derya and Oflaç, Bengü Sevil
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,PACKAGING materials ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,SUPPLY chains ,SUPPLY & demand - Abstract
With the growing concerns on environmental issues, employing sustainable practices has become one of the most significant issues in today's business agenda. Sustainable packaging is an umbrella term referring to different packaging related operations at various levels of supply chains. This study investigates the sustainable packaging practices and inhibiting factors in packaging supply chains. Semi-structured expert interviews were employed with a quartic perspective, involving diverse packaging supply chain members. By proposing a Sustainable Packaging Practices Model (SPPM), nine sustainable packaging practices are presented: (1) raise awareness, (2) innovate: sustainable raw materials and processes, (3) reduce packaging material and carbon footprint, (4) recollect and reuse, (5) save energy and use sustainable energy sources, (6) sort waste and recycle, (7) consume water less and recycle water, (8) certify, (9) co-create. Moreover, the findings of the study show that the scarcity and high costs of sustainable raw materials, low demand for sustainable packaging, legal incompatibilities, and production and quality related issues inhibit sustainable packaging practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Cavioids, Chinchilloids, and Erethizontoids (Hystricognathi, Rodentia, Mammalia) of the Early Miocene Pampa Castillo Fauna, Chile.
- Author
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McGrath, Andrew J., Chick, Jennifer, Croft, Darin A., Dodson, Holly E., Flynn, John J., and Wyss, André R.
- Subjects
RODENTS ,MIOCENE Epoch ,MAMMALS ,EOCENE Epoch ,SPECIES - Abstract
Caviomorph rodents became important components of South American faunas after their Eocene arrival from Africa. Here we describe the cavioid, chinchilloid, and erethizontoid caviomorphs of the early Miocene Pampa Castillo fauna of southern Chile. This fauna's age and location make it key for resolving outstanding biostratigraphic questions concerning early Miocene Patagonian fossiliferous strata. Each of the four major caviomorph clades ("superfamilies") is represented in the Pampa Castillo fauna, three whose members are detailed here: cavioids (3 genera; 3 species), chinchilloids (3 genera; 6 species), and erethizontoids (2 genera; 2 species). Abundantly represented taxa, e.g., Neoreomys australis, Perimys erutus, and Prolagostomus pusillus, corroborate previous work assigning the Pampa Castillo fauna to the Santacrucian South American Land Mammal "Age" (SALMA; inclusive of the "Pinturan"). Several taxa, including Eosteiromys, Perimys intermedius, and Perimys sp. nov.?, are also found in the lower and middle Pinturas Formation (lmPF) but not "core" Santacrucian faunas (from the Santa Cruz Formation [SCF] along the Río Santa Cruz and Atlantic coast), suggesting a distinctive resemblance between lmPF and Pampa Castillo rodents. Some authors consider the fauna from the lmPF to form the basis of a "Pinturan" SALMA or subage, considered to slightly predate core Santacrucian faunas, but which has yet to be formally recognized. The taxonomic composition of rodent fauna from Pampa Castillo, as well as relative abundance data, indicated a paleoenvironment intermediate between the closed forests of the lmPF and the mosaic of open and closed habitats of the core Santacrucian faunas from the SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Linear gyrokinetic stability of a high β non-inductive spherical tokamak.
- Author
-
Patel, B.S., Dickinson, D., Roach, C.M., and Wilson, H.R.
- Subjects
TOKAMAKS ,FUSION reactors ,PLASMA equilibrium ,POWER plants - Abstract
Spherical tokamaks (STs) have been shown to possess properties desirable for a fusion power plant such as achieving high plasma β and having increased vertical stability. To understand the confinement properties that might be expected in the conceptual design for a high β ST fusion reactor, a 1 GW ST plasma equilibrium was analysed using local linear gyrokinetics to determine the type of micro-instabilities that arise. Kinetic ballooning modes and micro-tearing modes are found to be the dominant instabilities. The parametric dependence of these linear modes was determined and, from the insights gained, the equilibrium was tuned to find a regime marginally stable to all micro-instabilities at θ
0 = 0.0. This work identifies the most important micro-instabilities expected to generate turbulent transport in high β STs. The impact of such modes must be faithfully captured in first-principles-based reduced models of anomalous transport that are needed for predictive simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Persistent similarities among hoofed mammal tracks across the Cenozoic revealed through Fourier outline shape analysis.
- Author
-
Hsieh, Shannon and Uchman, Alfred
- Abstract
Tracks or footprints provide useful evidence of animal activity in places or situations where bodily remains are not present (e.g., Nied'zwiedzki et al., [34]), and those belonging to mammals have often been heavily researched and interpreted (e.g., McNeil et al., [30]; Bennett et al., [2]). The hoofprint shapes of many ungulate mammals have been characterized as being rather similar across time (Lucas, [26]), with a foot anatomy resembling that of Recent relatives being achieved quite early in their Cenozoic evolutionary history. METHODS Using the software CorelDRAW, outlines of footprints were traced or redrawn from illustrations of Cenozoic ungulate mammal ichnotaxa and other described footprints in the published literature. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effects of MeV Fe Ions Irradiation on the Microstructure and Property of Nuclear Grade 304 Stainless Steel: Characterized by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope and Nanoindentation.
- Author
-
Yan, Honglin, Zhang, Zhiming, Wang, Jianqiu, Okonkwo, Bright O., and Han, En-Hou
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. MICROLEPIDOPTERA REVIEW OF 2020.
- Author
-
DAVIS, A. M. and TORDOFF, G. M.
- Subjects
LEPIDOPTERA ,ISLANDS ,SPECIES - Abstract
Noteworthy records of microlepidoptera obtained in the British Isles during 2020 are summarised. this includes two species new to the British Isles, one of which is already breeding. Numerous new vice-county records are detailed, with notable observations of 459 species in total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
45. Exploring molecular determinants of polysaccharide lyase family 6–1 enzyme activity.
- Author
-
Violot, Sébastien, Galisson, Frédéric, Carrique, Loïc, Jugnarain, Vinesh, Conchou, Léa, Robert, Xavier, Thureau, Aurélien, Helbert, William, Aghajari, Nushin, and Ballut, Lionel
- Subjects
LYASES ,ENZYMES ,ALGINATES ,ALGINIC acid ,CRYSTAL structure - Abstract
The polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) represents one of the 41 polysaccharide lyase families classified in the CAZy database with the vast majority of its members being alginate lyases grouped into three subfamilies, PL6_1–3. To decipher the mode of recognition and action of the enzymes belonging to subfamily PL6_1, we solved the crystal structures of Pedsa0632, Patl3640, Pedsa3628 and Pedsa3807, which all show different substrate specificities and mode of action (endo-/exolyase). Thorough exploration of the structures of Pedsa0632 and Patl3640 in complex with their substrates as well as docking experiments confirms that the conserved residues in subsites −1 to +3 of the catalytic site form a common platform that can accommodate various types of alginate in a very similar manner but with a series of original adaptations bringing them their specificities of action. From comparative studies with existing structures of PL6_1 alginate lyases, we observe that in the right-handed parallel β-helix fold shared by all these enzymes, the substrate-binding site harbors the same overall conserved structures and organization. Despite this apparent similarity, it appears that members of the PL6_1 subfamily specifically accommodate and catalyze the degradation of different alginates suggesting that this common platform is actually a highly adaptable and specific tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Youngest Interatheriinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from lower Pliocene Tunuyán Formation (Mendoza, Argentina).
- Author
-
Vera, Bárbara and Romano, Cristo O.
- Abstract
After several years of intense fieldwork in the area of Huayquerías del Este, northern Mendoza (Argentina), the results account for more than 1,000 specimens and 67 taxa of vertebrates documented from the Huayquerías and Tunuyán formations. In this contribution, we present the first record of an indeterminate Typotheria Interatheriinae coming from a fossil-bearing level in the lower section of the Tunuyán Formation, 10–15 m above the contact with the underlying Huayquerías Formation (5.84 ± 0.41 Ma, late Miocene; Messinian), which implies an interval age between the latest Miocene (upper Messinian) and early Pliocene (Zanclean) age for the lower levels of the Tunuyán Formation where the interathere remain comes from. The specimen (IANIGLA-PV 450) is a fragment of mandible with a broken right p3?, whose small size and features (shortening of the trigonid, a low trigonid-talonid length ratio <1, and a circular-outlined talonid) distinguish it from late Miocene species of Protypotherium (P. antiquum, P. distinctum, and P. minutum), but also from early and middle Miocene interatheres (e.g., Miocochilius, Interatherium, Caenophilus). We recognize it as an Interatheriinae indet., and based on the peculiar features of this specimen it could be a new taxon, but its fragmentary and isolated condition prevent us from providing an accurate diagnosis. IANIGLA-PV 450 is the first mention of an Interatheriinae for the Tunuyán Formation and the central-west region of Argentina, but also the Last Appearance Datum (LAD), latest Miocene–early Pliocene, for the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Marine origin materials on biomaterials and advanced therapies to cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
- Author
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Carvalho, Duarte Nuno, Reis, Rui L., and Silva, Tiago H.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Concomitant use of tea catechins affects absorption and serum triglyceride-lowering effects of monoglucosyl hesperidin.
- Author
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Katada, Shun, Oishi, Sachiko, Yanagawa, Kiyotaka, Ishii, Shunsuke, Oki, Mamoru, Matsui, Yuji, Osaki, Noriko, Takano, Kazuhiko, and Hibi, Masanobu
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Cranial Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Trigonostylops wortmani, an Eocene South American Native Ungulate.
- Author
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MacPhee, R.D.E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano, and Sulser, R. Benjamin
- Subjects
EOCENE Epoch ,NATIVE Americans ,COMPUTED tomography ,UNGULATES ,MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
In 1933 George G. Simpson described a remarkably complete skull of Trigonostylops, an Eocene South American native ungulate (SANU) whose relationships were, in his mind, quite uncertain. Although some authorities, such as Florentino Ameghino and William B. Scott, thought that a case could be made for regarding Trigonostylops as an astrapothere, Simpson took a different position, emphasizing what would now be regarded as autapomorphies. He pointed out a number of features of the skull of Trigonostylops that he thought were not represented in other major clades of SANUs, and regarded these as evidence of its phyletic uniqueness. Arguing that the lineage that Trigonostylops represented must have departed at an early point from lineages that gave rise to other SANU orders, Simpson reserved the possibility that Astrapotheriidae might still qualify (in modern terms) as its sister group. Even so, he argued that the next logical step was to place Trigonostylops and its few known allies in a separate order, Trigonostylopoidea, coordinate with Astrapotheria, Notoungulata, Litopterna, and Pyrotheria. Simpson's classification was not favored by most later authors, and in recent decades trigonostylopids have been almost universally assigned to Astrapotheria. However, his evaluation of the allegedly unique characters of Trigonostylops and its allies has never been systematically treated, which is the objective of this paper. Using computed tomography, the skull of Trigonostylops is compared, structure by structure, to a variety of representative SANUs as well as extant perissodactylans (which together comprise the clade Panperissodactyla) and the "condylarthran" Meniscotherium. In addition to placing Simpson's character evaluations in a comparative context, we also provide detailed assessments of many vascular and pneumatization-related features of panperissodactylans never previously explored. Overall, we found that this new assessment strengthened the placement of Trigonostylops within a monophyletic group that includes Astrapotherium and Astraponotus, to the exclusion of other SANU clades. Although Trigonostylops cannot be considered as morphologically distinct or unusual as Simpson thought, our comparative and phylogenetic analyses have helped to generate a number of hypotheses about character evolution and function in SANUs that may now be fruitfully tested using other taxon combinations. Reconstruction of Trigonostylops wortmani by Jorge Blanco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Gondwana breakup under the ephemeral look.
- Author
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Gatti, Felipe Donateli, Salles, Frederico Falcão, Suter, Phillip John, and Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis
- Subjects
GONDWANA (Continent) ,CURRENT distribution ,CRETACEOUS Period ,VICARIANCE ,MAYFLIES ,GENETIC speciation - Abstract
Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) is a mayfly subfamily present in temperate and mountainous areas of South America and Australia. We tested the hypothesis that both vicariance and dispersal related to the second phase of Gondwana breakup—which began in the Early Cretaceous and resulted in the separation between Madagascar and India from Antarctica and Australia—contributed to the origin, diversification, and shaped the current distribution of this group. The hypothesis was tested using Bayesian phylogenetic trees, fossil‐based molecular dating, and ancestral range estimation to reconstruct the biogeography of the lineages within this group. The results suggested an origin in the late Gondwana supercontinent for Atalophlebiinae (85.76–136.63 mya) after a vicariant event during the Cretaceous period. Subsequently, the lineage diversified into a scenario that refers to a Gondwanic corridor formed by South America, Antarctica, and Australia. At the end of the separation of the continents that made up the Gondwanic corridor, speciation occurred within the current distribution areas. The diversity and current distribution of Atalophlebiinae were shaped by complex processes of vicariance, dispersal, and speciation within the Gondwanic corridor during the second phase of the supercontinent breakup. Mayflies have difficulty in crossing transoceanic barriers, which suggests that most living taxa are the result of more recent local ecological and historical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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