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Malignant cells exhibit a high demand for amino acids to sustain their abnormal proliferation. Particularly, the intracellular accumulation of cysteine is often observed in cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that deprivation of intracellular cysteine in cancer cells results in the accumulation of lipid peroxides in the plasma membrane and induction of ferroptotic cell death, indicating that cysteine plays a critical role in the suppression of ferroptosis. Herein, we found that the oncogenic accumulation of cysteine also contributes to cancer cell proliferation by promoting the cell cycle progression, which is independent of its suppressive effect on ferroptosis. The growth ability of four types of cancer cells, including murine hepatocarcinoma cells, but not of primary hepatocytes, were dependent on the exogenous supply of cysteine. Deprivation of intracellular cysteine in cancer cells induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of cyclin D1 and D2 proteins. The cysteine deprivation-induced decrease in D-type cyclin expression was associated with the upregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, which represses the translation of cyclin D1 and D2 proteins by binding to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. Similar results were observed in hepatocarcinoma cells treated with erastin, an inhibitor of cystine/glutamate antiporter, xCT. These findings reveal an unappreciated role of cysteine in regulating the growth of malignant cancer cells and deepen our understanding of the cytotoxic effect of xCT inhibitor to prevent cancer cell proliferation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with CO 3 2- interlayer anions are promising CO 2 adsorbents. Here, we analyzed the quantitative gas evolution behaviors of Mg-Al LDH particles with different Mg/Al ratios during the multistep chemical/structural transformations at elevated temperatures. The Mg/Al molar ratio strongly affects the behavior: the transformation changes from two apparent steps to three steps depending on the Mg/Al ratio. The transformation occurs in essentially the same way as that observed for large Mg-Al LDH crystals: (1) release of the interlayer water, (2) partial dehydroxylation of the hydroxyl layers followed by coordination of carbonate ions to the metals, and (3) collapse of the layered structure. We provide a molecular/atomic level picture of the structure in each step of the transformation by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The structurally optimized model and reexamination of experimental data showed that step (1) results in a large decrease in the interlayer distance of the LDH from ∼7.6 to ∼6.7 Å (a decrease of ∼0.9 Å) and the possible explanation is the waving of the metal hydroxide layers. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the structural changes of LDHs with various Mg/Al ratios to resolve the various interpretations in the literature.

An organometallic nickel complex containing thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene units was designed and synthesized. Composite films of the resulting nickel complex and polyvinylidene difluoride, which can be fabricated via a simple solution process under atmospheric conditions, exhibit remarkably high n-type conductivity (>200 S cm -1 ). Moreover, the thermoelectric power factor of the n-type composite film was proven to be air stable. A grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a significant impact of introducing the thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene core into the backbone of the nickel complex on the orientation within the composite films.

2D layered semiconductors have attracted considerable attention for beyond‐Si complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. They can be prepared into ultrathin channel materials toward ultrascaled device architectures, including double‐gate field‐effect‐transistors (DGFETs). This work presents an experimental analysis of DGFETs constructed from chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown monolayer (1L) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with atomic layer deposition (ALD) of hafnium oxide (HfO2) high‐k gate dielectrics (top and bottom). This extends beyond previous studies of DGFETs based mostly on exfoliated (few‐nm thick) MoS2 flakes, and advances toward large‐area wafer‐scale processing. Here, significant improvements in performance are obtained with DGFETs (i.e., improvements in ON/OFF ratio, ON‐state current, sub‐threshold swing, etc.) compared to single top‐gate FETs. In addition to multi‐gate device architectures (e.g., DGFETs), the scaling of the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial toward improved electrostatics required for next‐generation transistors. However, the impact of EOT scaling on the characteristics of CVD‐grown MoS2 DGFETs remains largely unexplored. Thus, this work studies the impact of EOT scaling on subthreshold swing (SS) and gate hysteresis using current–voltage (I–V) measurements with varying sweep rates. The experimental analysis and results elucidate the basic mechanisms responsible for improvements in CVD‐grown 1L‐MoS2 DGFETs compared to standard top‐gate FETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic adsorption characteristics of K2CO3-promoted layered double hydroxides (LDHs)-based adsorbent, with organic and inorganic anion intercalation, were studied. MgAl–LDH, K2CO3/MgAl–LDH, and K2CO3/MgAl–LDH(C16) with varying K2CO3 loads were prepared and used for intermediate-temperature CO2 sequestration. The adsorbent was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques, which revealed enhanced adsorption properties of MgAl–LDH, due to K2CO3 promotion. Thermogravimetric CO2 adsorption tests on the constructed adsorbent materials showed that the 12.5 wt% K2CO3/MgAl–LDH(C16) adsorbent with organic anion intercalation exhibited optimal adsorption activity, achieving an adsorption capacity of 1.12 mmol/g at 100% CO2 and 350 °C. However, fixed-bed dynamic adsorption tests yielded different results; the 25 wt% K2CO3/MgAl–LDH prepared through inorganic anion intercalation exhibited the best adsorption performance in low-concentration CO2 penetration tests. The recorded penetration time was 93.1 s, accompanied by an adsorption capacity of 0.722 mmol/g. This can be attributed to the faster adsorption kinetics exhibited by the 25 wt% K2CO3/MgAl–LDH adsorbent during the early stages of adsorption, thereby facilitating efficient CO2 capture in low-concentration CO2 streams. This is a conclusion that differs from previous reports. Earlier reports indicated that LDHs with organic anion intercalation exhibited higher CO2 adsorption activity in thermogravimetric analyzer tests. However, this study found that for the fixed-bed dynamic adsorption process, K2CO3-modified inorganic anion-intercalated LDHs perform better, indicating their greater potential in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has advanced the techniques for elucidating phenomena at the atomic, molecular, and nano-level. As a post nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics has emerged to create functional materials from unit structures. Consider the material function when nanoarchitectonics enables the design of materials whose internal structure is controlled at the nanometer level. Material function is determined by two elements. These are the functional unit that forms the core of the function and the environment (matrix) that surrounds it. This review paper discusses the nanoarchitectonics of confined space, which is a field for controlling functional materials and molecular machines. The first few sections introduce some of the various dynamic functions in confined spaces, considering molecular space, materials space, and biospace. In the latter two sections, examples of research on the behavior of molecular machines, such as molecular motors, in confined spaces are discussed. In particular, surface space and internal nanospace are taken up as typical examples of confined space. What these examples show is that not only the central functional unit, but also the surrounding spatial configuration is necessary for higher functional expression. Nanoarchitectonics will play important roles in the architecture of such a total system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The same iron pot in which their father had boiled lead with mercury (from a glass thermometer) for the purpose of alchemy, was also used for cooking in the kitchen. Although his wife had died of mercury poisoning, and his 14-year-old and 11-year-old daughters were found to excrete 322 and 455 micrograms/l mercury in the urine, respectively, (1-10 micrograms/l in controls), he stubbornly refused to give permission for them to be examined further. Nine months later, the daughters were permitted to be sent to our clinical ward. While the blood level of mercury had already come down to near normal, its excessive deposition in hair, kidneys and other parts of the body as well as its excessive urinary excretion, were still persistent (beyond tenfold the normal). According to our measurement values, mercury ranged from 14 to 49 micrograms/g in every 1-cm-piece of 10 cm hair of the elder sister, and ranged from 21 to 85 micrograms/g in 14 cm hair from the younger sister. About a 75% decrease in mercury deposition was estimated during these 9 months, based on the speculation of 1.5 cm/month hair-lengthening.

Bilirubin and its photoisomers in the biological fluids of a hyperbilirubinaemic newborn infant before and during phototherapy were analyzed by a recently improved HPLC method. In the serum, the percentages of (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin in the total bilirubin concentration before phototherapy were approximately 10% and on average increased over 1.5-fold at 2 h after initiation of phototherapy. The percentage of the (EZ)-cyclobilirubin in the serum bilirubin was under 1%. In the bile, the mean concentration of (ZZ)-bilirubin, derived mainly from (ZE)-bilirubin, nearly tripled during phototherapy. The (EZ)-cyclobilirubin concentration in the bile was very low before phototherapy, increased nearly ten-fold at 3 h after initiation of phototherapy, and was 5- to 6-fold as high as that of (ZZ)-bilirubin. In the urine, upon exposure to light, the urinary concentration of (EZ)-cyclobilirubin is apparently equivalent to half of the biliary concentration of (ZZ)-bilirubin and one-fifth of that of (EZ)-cyclobilirubin. It was concluded that during phototherapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia the structural photoisomer [(EZ)-cyclobilirubin] predominates considerably over the geometric photoisomer [(ZE)-bilirubin].

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on jaundice in premature infants undergoing phototherapy. Methods: In this article, the authors reviewed 100 hospitalized jaundiced premature infants under 35 weeks of gestational age. All infants were assigned to a control group (n = 45) and a treatment group (n = 55) randomly. The infants in the treatment group received S. boulardii supplementation by undergoing phototherapy and the infants in the control group were only treated by phototherapy. The total serum bilirubin levels were detected before and at the end of phototherapy, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels were measured on the 1st, 4th, 8th and 15th day of treatment. The duration of jaundice resolution and phototherapy, stool frequency, and characteristics were compared after phototherapy. Results: The duration of jaundice resolution and phototherapy were shortened. Total serum bilirubin level was lower than the control group at the end of phototherapy (p < 0.05). Transcutaneous bilirubin levels decreased more significantly on the 8th and 15th day of treatment (p < 0.05), while there were no significant differences on the post-treatment 1st and 4th day (p > 0.05). In addition, bowel movements including stool frequency and Bristol Stool Form Scale ratings of stools also improved after treatment. Conclusions: S. boulardii in combination with phototherapy is effective and safe in reducing bilirubin levels and duration of phototherapy, accelerating jaundice resolution in premature infants with jaundice. The procedure also provided an ideal therapeutic effect of diarrhea induced by phototherapy to promote compliance and maternal-infant bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of agricultural robots and the promotion of agricultural production automation are important means to alleviate the shortage of agricultural labor. Fruit and vegetable detection is a prerequisite for accurate harvesting by robots. It directly determines the efficiency and quality of harvesting operations. In order to meet the requirements of target positioning and recognition of tomato harvesting robots, this paper studies tomato recognition technology based on YOLOv3 convolutional neural network algorithm. And the tomato detection process of the YOLOv3 model is presented. The YOLOv3 model training dataset is constructed based on greenhouse tomato plants. The test results show that the model based on the YOLOv3 convolutional neural network has a better detection effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously shown that the phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemic neonates using blue-green LED light with a peak wavelength of ~478 nm is 31% more efficient for removing unconjugated bilirubin from circulation than blue LED light with a peak wavelength of ~452 nm. Based on these results, we recommended that the phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemic newborns be practiced with light of ~480 nm. Aim: Identify and discuss the most prominent potential changes that have been observed in the health effects of phototherapy using either blue fluorescent- or blue LED light and speculate on the expected effects of changing to blue-green LED light phototherapy. Search the phototherapy literature using the terms neonate, hyperbilirubinemia, and phototherapy in the PubMed and Embase databases. Transitioning from blue fluorescent light to blue-green LED light will expose neonates to less light in the 400–450 nm spectral range, potentially leading to less photo-oxidation and geno-/cytotoxicity, reduced risk of cancer, and decreased mortality in extremely low-birthweight neonates. The riboflavin level may decline, and the increased production and retention of bronze pigments may occur in predisposed neonates due to enhanced lumirubin formation. The production of pre-inflammatory cytokines may rise. Hemodynamic responses and transepidermal water loss are less likely to occur. The risk of hyperthermia may decrease with the use of blue-green LED light and the risk of hypothermia may increase. Parent–neonate attachment and breastfeeding will be positively affected because of the shortened duration of phototherapy. The latter may also lead to a significant reduction in the cost of phototherapy procedures as well as the hospitalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As volcanic hazards induce damage with their flows of gases, liquids, and solid materials, a numerical simulation using multi-phase formulation is applicable to the analysis and evaluation of the risks from these volcanic hazards in both normal and emergent periods. A numerical simulation can also be useful for crisis management. Quick and precise evaluation is needed for upcoming and ongoing hazards, and we present here a concept for the development of a volcanic hazard evaluation system for these hazards, a system in which an input parameter database is compiled and countermeasure information is provided by considering the exposure and vulnerability database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetics of the decomposition reaction of 4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl acetate (1) in basic alcoholic media was investigated, using a simple fluorescence (FL) spectrophotometric procedure. The process was conveniently studied using FL, since the triphenylimidazole‐derived ester 1 and its reaction products (the corresponding phenol 2 and phenolate 2−) are all highly fluorescent (ΦFL > 37%). By carefully selecting excitation and emission wavelengths, observed rate constants k1 in the order of 10−3 to 10−2 s−1 were obtained from either reactant consumption (λex = 300 nm, λem = 400 nm) or product formation (λex = 350 nm, λem = 475 nm); these were shown to be kinetically equivalent. Intensity‐decay time profiles also gave a residual FL intensity parameter, shown to be associated to the distribution of produced species 2 and 2−, according to the basicity of the medium. Studying the reaction in both methanol (MeOH) and isopropanol (iPrOH), upon addition of HO−, provided evidence that the solvent's conjugate base is the active nucleophilic species. When different bases were used (tBuO−, HO−, DBU and TEA), bimolecular rate constants kbim ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 L mol−1 s−1 were obtained, which proved to be non‐dependent on the base pKaH, suggesting specific base catalysis for the decomposition of 1 in alcoholic media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Enhancement effect on the chemiluminescence of acridinium ester derivatives under neutral conditions was investigated. Additions of phenols did not enhance the chemiluminescence intensities of acridinium ester derivatives in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Additions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide apparently enhanced the chemiluminescence intensities of phenyl 10‐methyl‐10λ4‐acridine‐9‐carboxylate derivatives with electron‐withdrawing groups at the 4‐position of the phenyl group. In particular, the chemiluminescence intensity of 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 10‐methyl‐10λ4‐acridine‐9‐carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate salt was 5.5 times stronger in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide than in its absence at pH 7. The chemiluminescence intensity of 3,4‐dicyano‐phenyl 10‐methyl‐10λ4‐acridine‐9‐carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate salt was 46 times stronger in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at pH 7 than in its absence at pH 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents a study to evaluate bilirubin displacement from human serum albumin (HSA) after administration of different types of drugs to the neonates. HSA unbound bilirubin (UB) released after administration of sulfisoxazole or acetaminophen are reported to play a critical role in the development of kernicterus disease in neonates. For its evaluation glucose oxidase peroxidase method was employed to measure UB and its level of the activity was measured by the displacement factor (KD).

In this study, a self-assembly technique is developed to fabricate ultralong microbelts of sodium 4-(4,5- diphenyl-1 -imidazol-2-yl)benzoate (SDB). The as-prepared SDB microbelts have a belt-like structure with H a rectangular cross section. All of the obtained microbelts under the optimum conditions have a relatively uniform size of about 5 µm in width, 2 µm in thickness, and approximately 5 mm in length. Particularly, the length of the SDB microbelts can be readily controlled by adjusting the SDB concentration as well as the aging temperature. In addition, the optical and electrical properties of the as-prepared microbelts are also investigated. These results should be significant in triarylimidazole derivatives crystallization and their potential application in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel fluorescent polyetherimides containing bulky triaryl imidazole pendant and ether linkage in the main chains were prepared from a diamine, 2,2-phenoxy-bis[4-amino-2(4,5-diphenyl-2H-imidazole-2-yl)]propane, and commercially available dianhydrides. All the resulting polymers were amorphous with inherent viscosities ranged from 0.45 to 0.75 dl/g and were readily soluble in many organic solvents which could be solution-cast into transparent and tough films. They had useful levels of thermal stability associated with relatively high T (245-254°C), 10% weight loss temperatures in excess of 500°C, and char yields at 600°C in air up to 62%. These polymers exhibited strong UV-vis absorption maxima in solution and in solid state. Photoluminescence efficiency of the polyetherimides was affected by their chemical structure with quantum yields in the range 10-28%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new symmetrical diamine monomer containing a triaryl imidazole pendant group was successfully synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of hydroquinone with the synthesized 2-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-4, 5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (I). A series of novel polyamides were prepared from the diamine monomer and various aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids via phosphorylation polyamidation. These polyamides are readily soluble in many organic solvents; their inherent viscosities ranged from 0.68 to 0.89 dl/g and gave tough and flexible films by solution-casting. They had useful levels of thermal stability associated with relatively high Tgs (186-278°C), 10% weight loss temperatures in the range of 355-482°C, and char yields at 600°C in air up to 67%. All the polyamides have fluorescence emission in dilute (0.2 g/dl) DMAc solution with maxima at 425-495 nm and with the quantum yields in the range 14-28%. The chemiluminescence activity of polyamides was also studied in the presence of peroxyoxalate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of polyaminithiophenol (PATP) were used as a covalent bonded coating for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Thiolated aniline-analog monomers (mixture of 2- and 3-aminothiophenols, 2/3-ATP) were anchored on the gold surface and then electropolymerized. Due to the strong S-Au bond, thiol-terminated coating on the gold surface was very stable. The proposed covalent bonded coating showed higher mechanical (re-usability up to 100 times) and thermal stability (up to 320 °C) than non-covalent bonded polyaniline coating (re-usability up to 20 times and thermal stability up to 250 °C). The extraction capability of the proposed fiber for the extraction of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, 9,10-dimethylanthracene and benzo[α]anthracene was examined. The effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of analytes including extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, stirring rate and sample volume were examined and optimized. Linear ranges of 1-250 μg L for phenanthrene and anthracene, and 1-100 μg L for the other compounds were obtained. Detection limits were in the range of 0.1-0.32 μg L. Single fiber repeatability and fiber to fiber reproducibility were less than 8.9 and 15.8%, respectively. Seawater sample was analyzed as real sample and good recoveries (81-108%) were obtained for target analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 150 infants, including those with breast milk jaundice, who were brought to our hospital for their 1-month check-ups, the serum concentrations of (ZZ)-bilirubin, its subfractions and biliverdin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the relationships among them investigated. (ZZ)Bilirubin was found to have the highest serum concentration, followed by (ZE)bilirubin, accounting for 14·0 (geometric mean) % of (ZZ)-bilirubin. Biliverdin had a serum concentration of 0·95% of (ZZ)-bilirubin. There was only a small amount of total (di- and mono-) glucuronosyl bilirubin, 0·42% of (ZZ)-bilirubin. (ZE)Bilirubin, (EZ)-bilirubin, (EZ)-cyclobilirubin, biliverdin, diglucuronosyl bilirubin and monoglucuronosyl bilirubin (C-8 and C-12) showed positive logarithmic correlations with (ZZ)-bilirubin (R2=0·16 or above, P <0·05). (ZE)-Bilirubin showed a significant positive logarithmic correlation with (ZZ)-bilirubin (R2=0·863, P <0·0001). Furthermore, (EZ)-cyclobilirubin, the most important photoisomer in phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, was detected in very small amounts in approximately half of the neonates (84 of 150) when they were in conditions of only weak ambient light. The relationship between total glucuronosyl bilirubin and (ZZ)-bilirubin concentrations fitted a model of saturation kinetics of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background: Bilirubin has antioxidative effects. When bilirubin reacts with reactive oxygen species, oxidized metabolites of bilirubin are formed, such as biliverdin and propentdyopents. A decrease in serum bilirubin concentration and an increase in serum and urinary oxidized metabolites of bilirubin may indicate the protective action of bilirubin against reactive oxygen species. Methods: In the in vitro study, we measured the oxidative products of bilirubin formed through the action of O2– by the xanthine–xanthine oxidase system, either as free bilirubin or bilirubin-human serum albumin complex. In the clinical investigation, serum concentrations of (ZZ)-bilirubin (4Z, 15Z-bilirubin), the subfraction and biliverdin, and urinary propentdyopent absorption, were measured in blood and urine samples, respectively, collected from 30 5-day-old neonates with birth weights of 1500–3624 g who had been hospitalized at the Ehime Prefectural Hospital and who had not undergone phototherapy. Results: In the in vitro study, a significant formation of propentdyopents was observed in aqueous solution. A statistically significant correlation was found between serum (ZZ)-bilirubin concentration and serum biliverdin concentration (r=0.82, P<0.0001), but not between serum (ZZ)-bilirubin concentration and urinary propentdyopent absorption. Serum (ZZ)- and serum (ZE)-bilirubin and biliverdin concentrations, and urinary propentdyopent absorption were compared between the groups with and without oxygen therapy. No significant differences were found in serum (ZZ)-bilirubin, serum (ZE)-bilirubin and biliverdin concentration, urinary propentdyopent absorption, serum biliverdin/serum (ZZ)-bilirubin, or urinary propentdyopent absorption/serum (ZZ)-bilirubin. Neither a decrease in serum bilirubin concentration nor an increase in serum biliverdin concentration and urinary propentdyopent absorption after oxygen therapy were demonstrated in the present study. Conclusions: In the in vitro study, we demonstrated for the first time that propentdyopents were produced from (ZZ)-bilirubin by the xanthine–xanthine oxidase system but biliverdin was not. In the in vivo study, serum biliverdin concentration and urinary propentdyopent absorption seem to have a different relationship to serum (ZZ)-bilirubin concentration in sick and early neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the reactivity of human serum albumin-bound bilirubin and its photoisomers as substrates for a direct bilirubin assay using bilirubin oxidase. The reduction of (EZ)-cyclobilirubin reached 100% 5 min after addition of the enzyme at any pH tested (3·5-7·4) in 0·1 mol/L phosphate buffer, whereas the reduction of (ZE)-bilirubin or (ZZ)-bilirubin reached 100% only below pH 4·5 or 5·5, respectively. (ZZ)-Bilirubin and its photoisomers did not react in citrate-lactate buffer at pH 3·7. The circular dichroism spectrum of (ZZ)-bilirubin in this buffer did not show a positive Cotton effect. These results indicate that a three-dimensional structure surrounding the reaction site of bilirubin is important for the reactivity with bilirubin oxidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We administered surfactant to a 5-month-old infant with respiratory failure due to right pulmonary haemorrhage accompanied by oedema following abdominal surgery. These pathological conditions were probably precipitated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and intra-operative excessive administration of fluids, respectively. Endobronchial instillation of the exogenous surfactant (120 mg) after selective intubation of the right bronchus produced a dramatic improvement of gas exchange 30 min after treatment and of chest X-ray findings at 6 h post-treatment. This case on an infant indicates that administration of surfactant may be one of promising therapeutic approaches to respiratory failure due to pulmonary haemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]