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3. African cichlid fishes: morphological data and taxonomic insights from a genus-level survey of supraneurals, pterygiophores, and vertebral counts (Ovalentaria, Blenniiformes, Cichlidae, Pseudocrenilabrinae).

Author

Oliver, Michael K.

Subjects
CICHLIDS, FISH morphology, CLASSIFICATION of fish, FISH phylogeny, DATA analysis
Abstract

Background: The iconic freshwater cichlid fishes (Cichlidae) comprise about 1750 validly named species and hundreds more that are known, but not yet described and named. Cichlids are an important source of protein for millions of people on several continents, are model organisms in studies of evolution, speciation, ecology, development, behaviour and physiology and are popular as aquarium fishes. Yet, comparative studies of cichlid internal anatomy are rare. Even their osteology has not been taxonomically surveyed. The cichlid postcranial skeleton has been especially neglected. New information: Here, I provide the first survey in cichlids of the considerable variation in numbers of vertebrae, supraneurals and dorsal- and anal-fin supports (pterygiophores), as well as the patterns with which the pterygiophores insert between the neural or haemal spines. The study includes some 1700 specimens of nearly 400 cichlid species. Focusing on the largest subfamily, the African cichlids or Pseudocrenilabrinae, the survey furnishes data from species in all but one of its 166 genera. Limited data from species in the other cichlid subfamilies (Etroplinae, Ptychochrominae and Cichlinae) and from the related leaffishes, Polycentridae, are also presented. Key examples of pterygiophore insertion patterns from throughout the range of variation are illustrated and discussed. Detailed analytical tables and all raw data are provided in supplementary files. A bizarre specialisation in Cyprichromis is noted, evidently for the first time. Uniquely in this Lake Tanganyikan genus, five to seven anal pterygiophores are abdominal in position, located anterior to the anal fin and inserting toward or between successive pairs of pleural ribs. Taxonomic changes: The most speciose tribe of African cichlids, currently known as Haplochromini, is correctly called Pseudocrenilabrini. Based chiefly on the molecular phylogenetic findings of other workers, I propose four pseudocrenilabrine subtribes, one occurring in rivers and three endemic to Lake Malawi. I also re-assign the Lake Tanganyikan tribe Tropheini as another subtribe of Pseudocrenilabrini, in line with numerous molecular studies placing tropheines firmly within this tribe. The remaining genera of Pseudocrenilabrini remain incertae sedis in this tribe pending clarification of their phylogenetic relationships. The character complex here surveyed is a promising source of taxonomically and phylogenetically informative characteristics distinguishing or uniting cichlid taxa at multiple hierarchical levels, from species through subfamily. This reference set of novel character data can also provide information for palaeontological studies of African cichlids. These attributes are skeletal features potentially available for study in well preserved fossils and may help determine their correct taxonomic placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and taxonomic richness

Author

Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, Hooper, John N. A., Soest, Rob W. M., Pisera, Andrzej, Crowther, Andrea L., Tyler, Seth, Schilling, Stephen, Eschmeyer, William N., Fong, Jon D., Blackburn, David C., Wake, David B., Wilson, D. E., Reeder, Deeann M., Fritz, Uwe, Hodda, Mike, Guidetti, Roberto, Bertolani, Roberto, Mayer, Georg, Oliveira, Ivo Sena, Adrain, Jonathan M., Bamber, Roger N., Kury, Adriano B., Prendini, Lorenzo, Harvey, Mark S., Beaulieu, Frederic, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Klompen, Hans, Moraes, Gilberto J., Walter, David Evans, Fan, Qing-Hai, Pesic, Vladimir, Smit, Harry, Bochkov, Andre V., Khaustov, A. A., Baker, Anne, Wohltmann, Andreas, Wen, Tinghuan, Amrine, James W., Beron, P., Lin, Jianzhen, Gabrys, Grzegorz, Husband, Robert, Bolton, Samuel, Uusitalo, M., Schatz, Heinrich, Behan-Pelletier, Valerie M., Oconnor, Barry M., Norton, Roy A., Dunlop, Jason A., Penney, David, Minelli, Alessandro, Shear, William, Ahyong, Shane T., Lowry, James K., Alonso, Miguel, Boxshall, Geoffrey A., Castro, Peter, Gerken, Sarah, Karaman, Gordan S., Goy, Joseph W., Jones, Diana S., Meland, Kenneth, Rogers, D. Christopher, Svavarsson, Jorundur, Janssens, Frans, Christiansen, Kenneth A., Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Brock, Paul D., Marshall, Judith, Beccaloni, George W., Eggleton, Paul, Mound, Laurence A., Slipinski, S. A., Leschen, R. A. B., Lawrence, J. F., Holzenthal, Ralph W., Morse, John C., Kjer, Karl M., Nieukerken, Erik J., Kaila, Lauri, Kitching, Ian J., Kristensen, Niels P., Lees, David C., Minet, Joel, Mitter, Charles, Mutanen, Marko, Regier, Jerome C., Simonsen, Thomas J., Wahlberg, Niklas, Yen, Shen-Horn, Zahiri, Reza, David Richardson, Baixeras, Joaquin, Bartsch, Daniel, Bengtsson, Bengt A., Brown, John W., Bucheli, Sibyl Rae, Davis, Donald R., Prins, Jurate, Prins, Willy, Epstein, Marc E., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Gielis, Cees, Haettenschwiler, Peter, Hausmann, Axel, Holloway, Jeremy D., Kallies, Axel, Karsholt, Ole, Kawahara, Akito Y., Koster, Sjaak, Kozlov, Mikhail V., Lafontaine, J. Donald, Lamas, Gerardo, Landry, Jean-Francois, Lee, Sangmi, Nuss, Matthias, Park, Kyu-Tek, Penz, Carla, Rota, Jadranka, Schintlmeister, Alexander, Schmidt, B. Christian, Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Solis, M. Alma, Tarmann, Gerhard M., Warren, Andrew D., Weller, Susan, Yakovlev, Roman V., Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Zwick, Andreas, Pape, Thomas, Blagoderov, Vladimir, Mostovski, Mikhail B., Emig, Christian C., Segers, Hendrik, Monks, Scott, and Richardson, Dennis J.

5. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness

Author

Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, Hooper, John N. A., Soest, Rob W. M., Pisera, Andrzej, Crowther, Andrea L., Tyler, Seth, Schilling, Stephen, Eschmeyer, William N., Fong, Jon D., Blackburn, David C., Wake, David B., Wilson, D. E., Reeder, Deeann M., Fritz, Uwe, Hodda, Mike, Guidetti, Roberto, Bertolani, Roberto, Mayer, Georg, Oliveira, Ivo Sena, Adrain, Jonathan M., Bamber, Roger N., Kury, Adriano B., Prendini, Lorenzo, Harvey, Mark S., Beaulieu, Frederic, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Klompen, Hans, Moraes, Gilberto J., Walter, David Evans, Fan, Qing-Hai, Pesic, Vladimir, Smit, Harry, Bochkov, Andre V., Khaustov, A. A., Baker, Anne, Wohltmann, Andreas, Wen, Tinghuan, Amrine, James W., Beron, P., Lin, Jianzhen, Gabrys, Grzegorz, Husband, Robert, Bolton, Samuel, Uusitalo, M., Schatz, Heinrich, Behan-Pelletier, Valerie M., Oconnor, Barry M., Norton, Roy A., Dunlop, Jason A., Penney, David, Minelli, Alessandro, Shear, William, Ahyong, Shane T., Lowry, James K., Alonso, Miguel, Boxshall, Geoffrey A., Castro, Peter, Gerken, Sarah, Karaman, Gordan S., Goy, Joseph W., Jones, Diana S., Meland, Kenneth, Rogers, D. Christopher, Svavarsson, Jrundur, Janssens, Frans, Christiansen, Kenneth A., Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Brock, Paul D., Marshall, Judith, Beccaloni, George W., Eggleton, Paul, Mound, Laurence A., Slipinski, S. A., Leschen, R. A. B., Lawrence, J. F., Holzenthal, Ralph W., Morse, John C., Kjer, Karl M., Nieukerken, Erik J., Kaila, Lauri, Kitching, Ian J., Kristensen, Niels P., Lees, David C., Minet, Joel, Mitter, Charles, Mutanen, Marko, Regier, Jerome C., Simonsen, Thomas J., Wahlberg, Niklas, Yen, Shen-Horn, Zahiri, Reza, Adamski, David, Joaquín Baixeras, Bartsch, Daniel, Bengtsson, Bengt A., Brown, John W., Bucheli, Sibyl Rae, Davis, Donald R., Prins, Jurate, Prins, Willy, Epstein, Marc E., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Gielis, Cees, Haettenschwiler, Peter, Hausmann, Axel, Holloway, Jeremy D., Kallies, Axel, Karsholt, Ole, Kawahara, Akito Y., Koster, Sjaak, Kozlov, Mikhail V., Lafontaine, J. Donald, Lamas, Gerardo, Landry, Jean-Francois, Lee, Sangmi, Nuss, Matthias, Park, Kyu-Tek, Penz, Carla, Rota, Jadranka, Schintlmeister, Alexander, Schmidt, B. Christian, Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Solis, M. Alma, Tarmann, Gerhard M., Warren, Andrew D., Weller, Susan, Yakovlev, Roman V., Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Zwick, Andreas, Pape, Thomas, Blagoderov, Vladimir, Mostovski, Mikhail B., Emig, Christian C., Segers, Hendrik, Monks, Scott, and Richardson, Dennis J.

6. Maritime Accidents and Environmental Pollution - The X-Press Pearl Disaster : Causes, Consequences, and Lessons Learned

Author

Meththika Vithanage, Ajith Priyal de Alwis, Deshai Botheju, Meththika Vithanage, Ajith Priyal de Alwis, and Deshai Botheju

Subjects
Hazardous substances--Accidents--Prevention, Hazardous substances--Transportation--Safety measures, Environmental disasters--Prevention, Marine accidents--Environmental aspects--Sri Lanka, Environmental disasters--Sri Lanka
Abstract

This book discusses in detail the facts and findings related to the X-Press Pearl container vessel accident that occurred in May 2021 off the coast of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The ship was carrying a large consignment of chemicals and diverse hazardous materials that caused a disastrous and vast environmental and social catastrophe in the region. Through many case studies, accumulated knowledge, and experiences, the authors discuss the accident response, risk mitigation, investigation, and damage assessment activities from the very onset of the accident. It helps researchers and regulators understand the facts of this unique marine chemical accident and to formulate necessary future regulations as well as to develop robust safety and sustainability management systems and safety cultures.Features: Written by authorities who led the team involved in accident response and damage assessment Focuses on identifying plausible root causes, pitfalls in accident response, and weaknesses in current regulatory and management protocols Delivers in-depth understanding of a unique marine chemical accident to help formulate necessary future policies and regulations related to such disasters Includes many case studies related to the accident illustrated with photos and figures that are true evidence of the disaster, the response, and the mitigation Explains and discusses key research findings in a streamlined manner understandable for a wide audience A valuable resource for readers in environmental management and policy creation, as well as for researchers, professionals, academics, and students involved in environmental science, chemical engineering, technical safety and sustainability management, maritime, polymer, and ocean sciences. Countries where maritime disasters are a concern will also find this book is an important guide for taking a responsible approach when handling similar situations in the future; not least to avert such events from occurring.

Published
2024

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