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Objective: This study aimed to predict the relevant targets of the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with Caulis Spatholobi by applying the network pharmacology method, and in vitro cell experiments were conducted to verify the mechanism of Caulis Spatholobi in the treatment of CML. Methods: TCMSP, ETCM, Genecards, and GisGeNET databases were used to obtain relevant targets of Caulis Spatholobi in the treatment of CML. Go and KEGG analyses were performed using the David database. Using Cytoscape 3.7.2, the "active compounds-targets-pathways" network was constructed. Further validation was carried out by pharmacological experiments in vitro. The proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were observed by the MTT method and Hoechst 33242 fluorescence staining method. The predicted targets and their related signal pathways were verified by western blotting. Results: In this study, 18 active compounds and 43 potential targets were obtained. The results of the MTT method showed that compared with the normal control group, 62.5-500 μg/mL alcohol extract of Caulis Spatholobi had an obvious inhibitory effect on K562 and the IC50 value was less than 100 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33242 fluorescence staining method showed that the alcohol extract of Caulis Spatholobi could promote apoptosis. The results of western blotting showed that compared with the normal control group, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in the 62.5 and 125 μg/mL alcohol extract of Caulis Spatholobi groups were significantly up-regulated (P Conclusion: The treatment of Caulis Spatholobi for CML has the characteristics of multi-targets and multi-pathways. The results of in vitro pharmacological experiments demonstrated that its mechanism of action might be based on the expression of key target proteins, such as Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis, which provides a scientific basis for the treatment of CML.

The high cost of feed and nitrogen pollution caused by high protein diets, which have become major challenges restricting sustainable development in China’s animal husbandry. Properly reducing the protein level and improving protein utilization in feed are a promising approach in solving this problem. To determine the optimal dose of methionine hydroxyl analog chelated zinc (MHA-Zn) in reduced 1.5% protein diets of broilers, total 216 1-day-old broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments and assess the index of growth and development at 42-days. Results showed no significant difference was observed for edible part between low protein (LP) diet group (90 mg/kg MHA-Zn) and normal diet group (P > 0.05), and adding 90 mg/kg MHA-Zn in LP diet significantly improved ileum morphology and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (P Lactobacillus, Butyricoccus, Oscillospira et al.) (P

To investigate the consistency between the Reflux Symptom Score-12 (RSS-12) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) in Chinese people.Patients with symptoms of LPR from the outpatient otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery clinic were included. All included patients completed the RSS-12 and RSI. The patient with RSS-1211 or RSI13 suggested possible LPR. For the patients with RSI13 or RSS-1211, they were treated using diet recommendations and were prescribed a twice-daily pantoprazole for 12 weeks. The consistency between the RSS-12 and RSI was compared with the weighted Cohen's kappa statistic.A total of 258 patients were included. The mean scores for RSS-12 and RSI were 13.21±17.31 and 12.86±6.15, respectively. The positive rate of LPR was 17.44% based on the RSI, and 24.42% based on the RSS-12. The kappa value between the RSS-12 and RSI was 0.736 (P0.001). Following 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in both RSI and RSS-12. Based on the RSI, 73% of patients had a good treatment response, whereas according to the RSS-12, 85% of patients had a good treatment response.There is a good consistency between RSS-12 and RSI, meaning that the RSS-12 is a feasible LPR initial screening tool. The RSS-12 provides a more comprehensive evaluation of reflux symptoms and treatment effect than RSI in patients with LPR.

Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) has exhibited a rising incidence rate. Research focusing on cancer-associated VTE and current anticoagulation therapy strategies is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and anticoagulation therapy strategies of cancer-associated VTE. The study was performed on patients with major solid tumors who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (Nanning, China) between January 2020 and December 2020. The medical records of the patients' demographic characteristics, disease and treatment were extracted from the medical record data system and reviewed. The prevalence of cancer-associated VTE was calculated, followed by statistical analysis. Patients who received anticoagulation therapy for cancer-associated VTE were followed up for 1 year. The characteristics and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy strategies were compared and analyzed. A total of 4,926 patients with major solid tumors (mean age, 55.86±11.97 years) were included in the analysis, of which 117 (2.4%; 117/4,926) were diagnosed with cancer-associated VTE. Patients with pancreatic cancer exhibited the highest prevalence of VTE (10.2%; 5/49), followed by patients with ovarian cancer (5.8%; 9/156) and lung cancer (3.3; 73/2,237). Multivariate analysis identified hypertension comorbidity [odds ratio (OR), 1.661; 95% CI, 1.031-2.674; P=0.037)] and cancer stage (OR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.079-1.486; P=0.004) as independent risk factors for cancer-associated VTE. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity accounted for 62.0%; 62/100) of all DVTs. Moreover, pulmonary embolism (PE) with lower extremity DVT accounted for 53.5% (23/43) of all PE cases. The majority of cancer-associated VTE cases (63.2%; 74/117) developed 30 days before or after a cancer diagnosis. In addition, cancer-associated VTE was dominated by symptomatic VTE (59.8%; 70/117). Only 74.4% (87/117) of patients with VTE received anticoagulant treatment, with a median duration of 79 days. The most common anticoagulant treatment strategies were heparin during hospitalization and direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban) after discharge. The anticoagulants associated with bleeding events were rivaroxaban (4.2%; 3/72) and enoxaparin (1.9%; 1/54). In total, 62.1% (36/58) of the patients received anticoagulant treatment for90 days. In conclusion, the results indicated that the prevalence of cancer-associated VTE is common and exhibits numerous characteristics. Rivaroxaban has been widely used in cancer-associated VTE treatment. However, compliance with long-term anticoagulant treatment is not adequate at present, while the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban must be evaluated to improve long-term medication monitoring and follow-up among patients with cancer-associated VTE.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infection and increased incidence of autoimmune disorders and malignancy. WAS is caused by mutations in the

Background Prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with Vitamin D (VD) supplementation has been studied widely, but the results in the literature are very conflicting. The study question Can VD supplementation really prevent AD? Study design The literature was searched from PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and EMBASE to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The titles and abstracts were evaluated independently by 2 of the authors. Results Nine RCTs with 2345 participants were included. In the meta-analysis, we found no significant difference in the Mini-Mental State Examination, verbal fluency, verbal memory, visual ability, and attention scores between the VD intervention group and comparison group [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.51 to 0.41; SMD = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.13 to 0.11; SMD = 0.12, 95% CI = -0.45 to 0.69; SMD = 0.42, 95% CI = -0.15 to 1.00; and SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.24 to 0.27, respectively]. In subgroup analysis, we found that the intervention with only VD or plus calcium, follow-up duration, and baseline 25(OH)D levels did not explain the cause for high heterogeneity. Conclusions Overall, the current evidence did not support the beneficial effect of VD supplement to prevent AD. High quality RCTs and further studies are needed to clarify the effects of VD supplementation on preventing AD.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of summer and winter on slaughter performance, muscle quality, flavor-related substance content, and gene expression levels related to the fat metabolism of pheasants. One-hundred 1-day-old pheasants were fed for 5 months starting in March and July and then, respectively, slaughtered in summer (August) and winter (December). The results revealed that compared with summer, winter not only increased pheasant live weight, dressed percentage, full-eviscerated yield, and muscle yield (p 0.05) but also enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT in serum (p 0.05). Winter significantly increased meat color, the contents of inosinic acid, and flavor amino acid in muscle. Amino acid contents in leg muscles of pheasants in winter were significantly higher than in summer except for histidine (p 0.05). Winter increased the contents of muscle mono-unsaturated fatty acid, reducing saturated fatty acid. Summer improved fat synthesis in liver, promoted the deposition of triglycerides and cholesterol, and reduced the expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in muscle, while winter increased the expression levels of genes related to muscle fat metabolism to provide energy for body and affect muscle fatty acid profile. Overall, pheasants fed in winter had better sensory quality and flavor than summer.

Background. Leptin has an association with male infertility. However, only sporadic studies inconsistently reported the results. Aim and Objective. In this study, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between leptin and male infertility. Methods. This study was performed based on published articles related to leptin and infertile males. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Ovid + Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wiley Online Library, Chinese CNKI, Chinese Chong Qing VIP, Chinese Wan Fang, and China Biology Medicine databases were searched to identify all relevant studies. All eligible works of literature were analyzed by the “meta” or “metan” command in STATA version 12.0 software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of leptin concentration in serum or semen and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all studies. The heterogeneity was described with I2. The sources of heterogeneity were explored via metaregression, and stratified analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were performed. Results. Nineteen studies were included in the current meta-analysis, involving 1138 cases of infertile men and 756 controls. The SMD of leptin concentration in serum was 2.002 (95% CI: 1.086, 2.918), Z-test (z) z = 4.29; p < 0.001 , and I2 was 97.3%, p < 0.001 . The SMD of leptin concentration in semen was 3.274 (95% CI: 2.137, 4.411), z = 5.64; p < 0.001 , and I2 was 98.2%, p < 0.001 . Notably, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was slightly higher in infertile men (SMD = 3.695, z = 2.33, p = 0.020 , I2 = 98.8%, p < 0.001 ). Other hormones, such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, were also slightly higher, but the results were not statistically significant. In addition, sperm count (SMD = −4.533, 95% CI: −6.565, −2.501) and sperm motility (SMD = −7.894, 95% CI: −10.616, −5.172) inversely correlated with leptin levels in infertile males. Sperm abnormal forms did not show a statistically significant SMD of −0.076 (95% CI: −3.410, 3.258). Conclusion. Leptin plays a potential role in association with male infertility. This study may effectively reveal the relationship between leptin together with other hormones and its association with male infertility. These results may also provide opinions on precautionary measures.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been elucidated to play vital roles in the phenotype of trophoblast cells. Nevertheless, the effect of SNHG1 has not been investigated on trophoblast cells in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). We aim to investigate the effect of SNHG1 on the phenotype of trophoblast cells during RSA. The RSA mice were established by mating female CBA/J mice with male DBA/2 mice. Microarray analysis was applied in RSA mice, and SNHG1 was identified as a significantly downregulated lncRNA. SNHG1 improved pregnancy outcome and reduced embryo resorption in RSA mice. Trophoblast cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were investigated by CCK8, EdU, TUNEL, wound healing, and Transwell assays. SNHG1 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells, and reduced apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNHG1 bound to miR-183-5p in trophoblast cells. Moreover, miR-183-5p directly targeted ZEB2. Rescue experiment showed that ZEB2 silencing reversed the ameliorative effect of SNHG1 on pregnancy outcome and the promotion of trophoblast activity in RSA mice by impaired the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, we found that SNHG1 plays a critical role in the progression of RSA via miR-183-5p/ZEB2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It has potential to be a therapeutic marker of RSA.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines and growth factors in diverse cell types. STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations result in an unexpectedly wide range of clinical features. It remains unclear why STAT1 GOF mutations result in such a broad spectrum of phenotypes. We analyzed the clinical, molecular, and phenotypic characteristics of nine Chinese patients with STAT1 GOF mutations. This study enrolled nine patients with STAT1 GOF mutations including five novel mutations. We discuss the molecular and phenotypic characterization such as unique Penicillium marneffei lymphadenitis. Patients with STAT1 GOF mutations had defects in both innate and adaptive immunity, including impaired T cell receptor (TCR) diversity; reduced numbers of naive and effector memory CD4+ T cells, memory B cells, and NK cells; and defects in the production of IL-17A and IFN-γ. In addition, experiments with primary immune cells revealed that enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation resulted from not only lower rates of STAT1 dephosphorylation but also increased total STAT1 expression. Our report provides the first comprehensive overview of the molecular genetics, clinical heterogeneity, and underlying immunological abnormalities of patients with STAT1 GOF mutations in China. In further study, to find the relationship between different STAT1 GOF mutations and clinical phenotype as well as the mechanism of increased total STAT1 expression will be needed.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the nursing students’ levels of the knowledge, willingness, and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in road traffic accident and the related factors. Methods: A total of 475 nursing students were recruited by convenience choosing in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The nursing students’ self-efficacy, core self-evaluation, knowledge, willingness and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accidents were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. Results: The scores of knowledge, willingness, and attitudes toward first aid behavior in traffic accident trauma were 7.51 ± 1.93, 15.54 ± 5.03, and 7.73 ± 1.56, respectively. Students who once gained training of first aid showed lower levels of attitude toward first aid behavior than those untrained (t = −2.345, P = 0.019). It was found that self-efficacy was correlated to the knowledge (r = 0.150, P

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Numerous environmental and endogenous signals control the highly orchestrated and intricate process of plant senescence. Ethylene, a well-known inducer of senescence, has long been considered a key endogenous regulator of leaf and flower senescence, but the molecular mechanism of ethylene-induced ovule senescence has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that blockage of fertilization caused ovule abortion in the pear cultivar ‘1913’. According to transcriptome and phytohormone content data, ethylene biosynthesis was activated by pollination. At the same time, ethylene overaccumulated in ovules, where cells were sensitive to ethylene signals in the absence of fertilization. We identified a transcription factor in the ethylene signal response, ethylene-insensitive 3-like (EIL1), as a likely participant in ovule senescence. Overexpression of PbEIL1 in tomato caused precocious onset of ovule senescence. We further found that EIL1 could directly bind to the promoter of the SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED CYSTEINE PROTEINASE 1 (PbCysp1) gene and act upstream of senescence. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed the interaction of the transcription factor and the promoter DNA sequence and demonstrated that PbEIL1 enhanced the action of PbCysp1. Collectively, our results provide new insights into how ethylene promotes the progression of unfertilized ovule senescence.

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of patients after liver cancer surgery and evaluate the predictive power of nomogram. Liver cancer patients with the history of surgery in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2000 and 2016 were preliminary retrieved. Patients were divided into the survival group (n = 2120, survival ≥5 years) and the death group (n = 2615, survival

Different opinions exist on the relationship between the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and the prognosis of colon cancer. This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between CAR and prognosis of stage II–III colon cancer and establishing a clinical prognosis model. Patients were randomised to a training set (566 cases) and validation set (110 cases). The relationship between CAR and clinicopathological variables was calculated, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyse the overall survival (OS) rate of colon cancer. In the training set, colon cancer independent risk factors were included in the prognosis model and then tested in the validation set. The accuracy and discrimination of the model were assessed using the C-index and calibration curves. Compared with patients with low CAR, patients with high CAR showed significantly poorer survival (P=0.020). In the multivariate analysis, CAR, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lymph node metastasis, operation mode, and perineural invasion were identified as independent prognostic indicators and adopted to establish the prediction model. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting OS reached 0.751 in the training set and 0.719 in the validation set. The calibration curve exhibited good consistency. In the present study, the CAR may be an independent prognostic factor for stage II–III colon cancer, and the nomogram has a certain predictive value. However, further prospective large-sample research needs to be conducted to validate our findings.

Many successful models of saliency have been proposed to detect salient regions for 2D images. Because stereopsis, with its distinctive depth information, influences human viewing, it is necessary for stereoscopic saliency detection to consider depth information as an additional cue. In this paper, we propose a 3D stereoscopic saliency model based on both contrast and depth-guided-background prior. First, a depth-guided-background prior is specifically detected from a disparity map apart from the conventional prior, assuming boundary super-pixels as background. Then, saliency based on disparity with the help of the proposed prior is proposed to prioritize the contrasts among super-pixels. In addition, a scheme to combine the contrast of disparity and the contrast of color is presented. Finally, 2D spatial dissimilarity features are further employed to refine the saliency map. Experimental results on the PSU stereo saliency benchmark dataset (SSB) show that the proposed method performs better than existing saliency models.

In this paper, we propose a deep multimodal feature learning (DMFL) network for RGB-D salient object detection. The color and depth features are firstly extracted from low level to high level feature using CNN. Then the features at the high layer are shared and concatenated to construct joint feature representation of multi-modalities. The fused features are embedded to a high dimension metric space to express the salient and non-salient parts. And also a new objective function, consisting of cross-entropy and metric loss, is proposed to optimize the model. Both pixel and attribute level discriminative features are learned for semantical grouping to detect the salient objects. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves promising performance and has about 1% to 2% improvement to conventional methods.

Background As a class of natural antioxidants in plants, fruit flavonol metabolites are beneficial to human health. However, the regulatory networks for flavonol biosynthesis in most fruits are largely unknown. Previously, we reported a spontaneous pear bud sport ‘Red Zaosu’ (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) with a high flavonoid content in its fruit. The identification of the flavonol biosynthetic regulatory network in this mutant pear fruit is crucial for elucidating the flavonol biosynthetic mechanism in fruit. Results Here, we demonstrated the PbMYB12b positively regulated flavonols biosynthesis in ‘Red Zaosu’ fruit. Initially, we investigated the accumulation patterns of four major quercetin glycosides and two major isorhamnetin glycosides in the fruit of ‘Red Zaosu’ and its wild-type ‘Zaosu’. A PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES (PFG)-type MYB transcription factor PbMYB12b was also screened for because of its correlation with flavonol accumulation in pear fruit. The biofunction of PbMYB12b was verified by transient overexpression and RNAi assays in pear fruit and young leaves. Overexpression of PbMYB12b enhanced the biosynthesis of quercetin glycosides and isorhamnetin glycosides by positively regulating a general flavonoids biosynthesis gene PbCHSb and a flavonol biosynthesis gene PbFLS. This finding was also supported by dual-luciferase transient expression assay and transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assay. Conclusions Our study indicated that PbMYB12b positively regulated flavonol biosynthesis, including four major quercetin glycosides and two major isorhamnetin glycosides, by promoting the expression of PbCHSb and PbFLS in pear fruit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1687-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Figure S1. The illustration of experimental design. Figure S2. Flavonol glycoside concentrations and the expression patterns of related genes in tissue cultured pear leaves. Figure S3. The transient efficiency in pear fruit and leaves. Table S1. FPKM values of flavonol biosynthesis related genes. (DOCX 1624 kb)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown unprecedented success in object representation and detection. Nevertheless, CNNs lack the capability to model context dependencies among objects, which are crucial for salient object detection. As the long short-term memory (LSTM) is advantageous in propagating information, in this paper, we propose two variant LSTM units for the exploration of contextual dependencies. By incorporating these units, we present a context-aware network (CAN) to detect salient objects in RGB-D images. The proposed model consists of three components: feature extraction, context fusion of multiple modalities and context-dependent deconvolution. The first component is responsible for extracting hierarchical features in color and depth images using CNNs, respectively. The second component fuses high-level features by a variant LSTM to model multi-modal spatial dependencies in contexts. The third component, embedded with another variant LSTM, models local hierarchical context dependencies of the fused features at multi-scales. Experimental results on two public benchmark datasets show that the proposed CAN can achieve state-of-the-art performance for RGB-D stereoscopic salient object detection.

Many convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approaches for stereoscopic salient object detection involve fusing either low-level or high-level features from the color and disparity channels. The former method generally produces incomplete objects, whereas the latter tends to blur object boundaries. In this paper, a coupled CNN (CoCNN) is proposed to fuse color and disparity features from low to high layers in a unified deep model. It consists of three parts: two parallel multilinear span networks, a cascaded span network and a conditional random field module. We first apply the multilinear span network to compute multiscale saliency predictions based on RGB and disparity individually. Each prediction, learned under separate supervision, utilizes the multilevel features extracted by the multilinear span network. Second, a proposed cascaded span network, under deep supervision, is designed as a coupling unit to fuse the two feature streams at each scale and integrate all fused features in a supervised manner to construct a saliency map. Finally, we formulate a constraint in the form of a conditional random field model to refine the saliency map based on the a priori assumption that objects with similar saliency values have similar colors and disparities. Experiments conducted on two commonly used datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods.

This paper presents a simple approach for detecting salient regions in stereo images. The approach computes saliency by considering three factors: disparity influence, central bias and spatial dissimilarity. Firstly, an image is split into equal-sized patches to be down-sampled. Next, disparity influence is estimated based on the disparity map. Besides, central bias value is assigned to every patch and spatial dissimilarity is measured between patches in reduced dimensional space. Thereafter, the product of all factors extracted from the image is computed. Finally, through a process of normalization, the saliency map is obtained. In the experiments four state-of-the-art methods are used for comparison with PSU stereo saliency benchmark dataset (SSB). The experimental results show that our method has better performance than the others for stereo salient region detection.

This study investigated the effect of oxidized soybean oil in the diet of young chickens on growth performance and intestinal oxidative stress, and indices of intestinal immune function. Corn-soybean-based diets containing 2% mixtures of fresh and oxidized soybean oil provided 6 levels (0.15, 1.01, 3.14, 4.95, 7.05, and 8.97 meqO2/kg) of peroxide value (POV) in the diets. Each dietary treatment, fed for 22 d, had 6 replicates, each containing 30 birds (n = 1,080). Increasing POV levels reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the broilers during d 1 to 10, body weight and average daily gain at d 22 but did not affect overall ADFI. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in plasma and jejunum as POV increased but total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) declined in plasma and jejunum. Catalase (CAT) activity declined in plasma and jejunum as did plasma glutathione S-transferase (GST). Effects were apparent at POV exceeding 3.14 meqO2/kg for early ADFI and MDA in jejunum, and POV exceeding 1.01 meqO2/kg for CAT in plasma and jejunum, GST in plasma and T-AOC in jejunum. Relative jejunal abundance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P50 and NF-κB P65 increased as dietary POV increased. Increasing POV levels reduced the jejunal concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 and CD8 molecules with differences from controls apparent at dietary POV of 3.14 to 4.95 meqO2/kg. These findings indicated that growth performance, feed intake, and the local immune system of the small intestine were compromised by oxidative stress when young broilers were fed moderately oxidized soybean oil.

The aim of this research was to explore whether IL-18 can be a serological marker for the diagnosis of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). A total of 23 sJIA patients (13 males, median age 8.2), 20 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, 18 patients with severe infections (SIF), 26 Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, 18 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients, and 25 healthy control patients were selected for this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to determine the serum concentrations of the S100A8, S100A9, and IL-6 proteins. The serum IL-18 levels were detected by a cytometric bead array (CBA). The serum IL-6 concentrations in various disease groups were significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. The IL-6 concentrations exhibited no significant difference between disease groups. The S100A8 level in the sJIA group was significantly higher than those of the ALL, JIA, and healthy control groups but showed no significant difference compared to the SIF and KD groups. The S100A9 serum concentration in the sJIA group was significantly higher than those in the ALL and healthy control groups and exhibited no significant difference from the SIF, KD, and JIA groups. The IL-18 level of the sJIA group was significantly higher than that of the other febrile disease groups. The IL-18 serum concentration may be used as a biological serum marker to distinguish sJIA from other febrile diseases.