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Knowing the level of energy efficiency is essential for substantiating investment decisions, operation and maintenance of energy consuming equipment and machines. Urban public transport is an important consumer of energy and, at the same time, an important source of pollution of the urban environment with greenhouse gases and micro particles. The present paper is aimed to identify the level of the energy performance of a public transport car fleet, having buses equipped with Diesel engines. The analysis methodology and the mathematical model used are applicable to other similar structures. The obtained results are valid for the analyzed car fleet, highlighting the values of the energy performance indicators, on the whole, by bus categories and for each bus from the park component. Based on the results obtained within the energy audit, comparisons are made for the level of energy performance with similar consumers, and feasible measures to improve energy efficiency are identified.

Knowing energy performance level of an energy consumer is essential for substantiating the decisions for development, operation and maintenance. Energy performance level is highlighted through consecrated indicators which are obtained by means of energy balance. The present paper is a synthesis of electric energy balance that was done within a mixed fodder factory (MFF). In the first part a short presentation of the consumer (MFF) is presented and also analysis methodology. After that we refer to specificities regarding the energy balance model (EB) applied and to characterization elements of typical processes for MFF. An important part of the paper is dedicated to present the obtained results and the energy performance level. In the last part of the paper we present the conclusion of energy audit (EA) and the recommendations to improve the energy performance level.

Knowledge of energy performance indicators is essential to substantiate investment decisions in energy facilities. Energy audit is the procedure by which energy performance indicators can be assessed and identified measures to improve them. Considering the share and the potential to improve the efficiency of cogeneration sources for the production of thermal and electrical energy, the determination of their performance indicators based on energy audits is essential for achieving the goals of reducing energy consumption. This paper is a synthesis of the results obtained in performing the energy audit of a cogeneration source serving an industrial consumer. After describing the general framework, the justification of the concern and the presentation of the defining elements of characterization of the analyzed installation, the second part of the paper refers to the specificities of the applied complex energy balance model. Next, reference is made to the methodology for obtaining input quantities in energy balance models and mass balance sheets. The final part of the paper presents the results obtained, the values of the performance indicators, the measures for improving the energy efficiency and the general conclusions of the analysis.

The effects of the omnipresence of the electromagnetic field are certain and recognized. Assessing as accurately as possible these effects, which characterize random phenomena require the use of statistical-probabilistic calculation. This paper aims at assessing the probability of exceeding the admissible values of the characteristic sizes of the electromagnetic field - magnetic induction and electric field strength. The first part justifies the need for concern and specifies how to approach it. The mathematical model of approach and treatment is presented in the second part of the paper and the results obtained with reference to 14 power stations are synthesized in the third part. In the last part, are formulated the conclusions of the evaluations.

This article is structured in three parts. The first part is justifying the utility of developing PIEE, in the light of legal requirements, by companies that consume at least 1000 toe/year, but also in the light of the usefulness of PIEE in increasing both energy and economic efficiency of the organizations concerned. The second part contains a methodology of analysis and a synthesis of the specifications on the energy consumption of the TC and energy performance indicator of these. Internal (between STC) and external (other TC) comparisons enable to identify the development potential of ENEF for the TC analyzed. The last part of the article represents the conclusions of the analysis.

The paper is about de level of electricity quality in the power network and at power consumers from an urban area. The analysis was done at the request of local electricity company. After highlighting the importance of preoccupations, electricity nonquality effects and regulatory framework, in the paper is presented the working methodology and results synthesis. The last part of the paper contains the conclusions of the study.

The paper contains a synthesis of the EU and Romania objectives and targets from the perspective of the principles of sustainable development. After evoking the overwhelming importance of achieving the vital goal Net Zero Emission - Greenhouse gas emissions, the second part of the paper presents the synthesis of EU legislation to achieve this objective. In chapter 3 of the paper, the National Strategies relevant to the enrollment in the objectives of the European Green Deal are evoked, and in the last part, the conclusions of the analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of US findings in the hand joints and related tendons and explore clinical and laboratory associations in SLE patients of the typical lupus clinic., Methods: One hundred consecutive SLE patients were enrolled in the study. Using B-mode and Doppler US, bilateral wrist, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints were examined for synovitis and erosions, as well as for signs of hand tenosynovitis., Results: US detected synovitis (grade 1-3) in 75% and erosive changes in 25% of the cohort. We found that clinical examination underestimated grade ≥2 synovitis by 13%, while US detected SH grade ≥2 in 10% of asymptomatic patients. The overall inflammatory burden, reflected by the US score, was associated with disease activity (respectively with CPR, SELENA-2K, MS-BILAG, and hypocomplementemia), as well as the presence of bone erosions. Rhupus patients had higher inflammatory markers, significantly more synovial hypertrophy, more erosions, more grade 3 tenosynovitis, and were more likely to receive methotrexate (p<0.001) than patients with SLE arthritis, while patients with Jaccoud's arthropathy were more likely to accumulate damage. The dominant hand exhibited more inflammatory changes (respectively synovial hypertrophy grade ≥2) at both the wrist and MCP joints; however, handedness was not associated with structural damage., Conclusions: In conclusion: 1. joint involvement in SLE is frequent and underacknowledged; 2. the overall inflammatory burden is associated with systemic disease activity and joint damage; (3) destructive arthritis is more likely to occur in the context of concomitant RA or within an "RA-like" subtype of SLE arthropathy; 4. hand dominance is associated with synovitis, but not structural changes; 5. US assessment may help tailor the management of joint involvement, thus preventing joint damage and disability in SLE patients.

Energy efficiency improvement program for an organization that consumes a significant amount of energy is an important document, both through fulfillment of obligations and especially through utility of identified measures on improving EnEF. and economic. After evoking the regulatory framework and the usefulness of this concerns, the paper presents the working methodology in making identifications MIEnEF for a TC and the results for Turism Felix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parotid non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) has no specific biomarker for diagnosis. Salivary glands ultrasound (US) is largely used, but its contribution in detecting parotid NHL has not been established. The aim of our study was to determine the added value of bidimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in pSS diagnosis and to determine its accuracy in identifying parotid NHL. Grey-scale US (GSUS) and 2D-SWE of salivary glands were performed in 35 patients with pSS and 35 healthy controls. The GSUS scores were calculated and the mean of three SWE consecutive measurements was used to appreciate the gland stiffness. SWE increase the diagnostic rate at a cut-off of 6.45 kPa (from 88.6 to 94.2%, p < 0.001) only if applied in patients with insufficient GSUS criteria for pSS diagnosis. The parotid glands with NHL (8 patients, all mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type) had hyperechoic bands in more than half of the glandular parenchyma (in 68.75% of the glands), large hypoechoic area > 20 mm (all glands), traced gland area over 5 cm 2 (all glands), parotid US score greater than 13 (in 68.75% of the glands), and high stiffness (elasticity modulus 13.9 ± 4.08 vs 6.32 ± 2.24) (all p < 0.001). These findings give high sensitivity (92.3%), specificity (100%), and positive (100%) and negative predictive values (98.3%) for NHL identification. The rest of GSUS findings did not correlate with the classic risk factors for lymphoma development (all p > 0.05). 2D-SWE had added value for pSS diagnosis in cases where GSUS aspect is normal or nonspecific. The higher stiffness of parotid NHL can be used for early diagnosis, biopsy guidance, and, possible, for treatment monitoring.

Geothermal resources are included in the category of regenerative energetic resources, which through a real exploitation can assure the satisfying desideratum of long living development under energetic aspect. Considering the fact that the measurements used for evaluating the feasibility indicators of the geothermal energy efficiency have a random character, the stochastic treatment of these evaluations is legitimate. In the paper, after a short justification on the utility of the concern, there is presented the evaluation methodology in stochastic way upon the GEES feasibility and a case study. The final part comprises the conclusions of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives a summary of operational reliability results carried out on high voltage equipment (HVE) that are in Brasov SDEE management. The paper is structured in four parts. In the first part is made a brief presentation of HVE that are in Brasov SDEE management. The second part present the important elements that characterize the HVE operational reliability study. Part three summarizes synthetically the results of the analysis. It presents the values of the HVE operational reliability indicators in the period under review (2003-2010). The comments are about defects types, number of events and their hierarchy. The last part presents the conclusions of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has four parts. In the first part are presented generalities about technical diagnosis, as in the second part is synthesized the methods and equipments used in technical diagnosis of power transformers. The second part describes the concerns and the results of the authors, scientific papers regarding the technical diagnosis of the power transformers of the distribution systems of electric energy, enclosing perspectives viewing the deepening of technical diagnosis, applied to these transformers. The last part of the paper includes the conclusion of the investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specific problems of the urban public transport system in the literature of the field are widely reflected; the main targets are to increase the efficiency, the quality of service and to reduce their impact on the environment. The electric driven transport is an alternative that may operate according to these targets. This article inscribes in the actual concerns dedicated to optimize the tram parks with which the urban public transport companies (UPTC) operate, using an optimizing criterion, which leads to an efficient and quality transport service. In this article, after evoking the importance of this concern, the mathematical model of optimization is elaborated in two variants (general and simplified). The proposed analysing model is for an applied UPTC that operates a mixed system (trams + buses), in real level of reliability conditions of trams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is part of traditional concerns of Energy Engineering Department from University of Oradea, aiming operational performances identification of equipment of power systems in collaboration with specialists who operates these systems. Based on previous analysis results, existing in databases which are updated yearly and using fundamental reliability indicators, this paper aims to highlight the 3D evolution of equipment operational availability, admitting a random variation of fundamental reliability and maintainability indicators of equipment. After justification of the need of these preoccupations, in the second part of paper, it is presented the mathematical model that stands at the base of 3D representation of operational availability. The third part contains the results referring to EEP from Bihor county PS. In the last part the conclusions are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the results obtained from measurements carried out on trams operated with DC motors at the request of Oradea Transport Company (OTL). It aims on achieving a comparative analysis electrically driven trams (EDT) with d.c. motors (DCM), in terms of energy performance, based on a defined synthetic indicator and evaluated in the paper. The paper is structured in four parts. After presenting the importance of this analysis, through the significant use of electric energy (EE) in urban public transport and a brief description of the system under analysis, the second part of the paper presents the workings and results with respect to 21 pieces of EDTDCM. Comparative interpretation of the results and conclusions of the analysis are contained in Part three of the paper and in the last part is specified the need and how to further research this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geothermal energy resources (GER) can be used for both electricity generation and direct uses depending on the temperature and the chemistry of the resources. Being included in regenerative energy sources, GER was not been developed to its full potential. Given the fact that the measurements used to assess reliability indicators exploitation of geothermal energy have a random character, stochastic approach to these assessments is well-founded. This paper presents an evaluation methodology of stochastic approach regarding the geothermal energy reliability and a case study where this method was applied to. The conclusions are presented in the final part of the analysis of the evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability of basic aggregates has an important role in safe operation of thermoelectric power plants (TEPP). For this reason a reliability study has been made using simulation software @ Risk. Using this program has been made a stochastic modeling of assessing reliability of basic TEPP aggregates. After a brief justification of the need to assess the reliability of TEPP, is presented the working methodology. Further, are presented the results of a case study followed by conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of electricity and heat in cogeneration in high power efficiency conditions strictly depends on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant's basic equipment availability. Related to this, a study on forecast reliability of determinant subsystems, in producing combined heat and power, meaning - steam boilers, steam turbines and electric generators, was made. The study that concluded with the presented results has been made in CHP plant Oradea considering a few, presumable operating schemes, three for summer and two for winter period. For each of these five variants, Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) has been prepared, then there were determined the reliability and availability of each subsystem considering their maintainability and different time periods assigned for corrective maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present a model of availability analysis for hybrid systems by using adequate simulation software and adapting classical computation models of power systems main reliability and availability indicators. As simulation software we used HOMER program and for indicators calculus the reliability diagrams method. We obtained hybrid power system different configuration availability data. The last part of the analysis the conclusions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this paper contains the research results made for SDEE Oradea, basing on the contract no. 30947 / 2010, with subject of "Identifying and experimenting of some solutions of recovering the energy losses in the transformers of electric station". The article is a synthesis of the research rapport elaborated at the end of the research, structured in five parts that deals the useful of the research, evaluating the potential of the released heat in power transformers, existent and possible solutions obtained in electric stations managed by the beneficiary and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]