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Immunological checkpoint inhibitors are now part of the oncological therapeutic arsenal in many solid cancers and malignant blood diseases, at the cost of immuno-mediated toxicities, of which dermatological disorders are among the most frequent. The most common, following treatment with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4, are maculopapular erythema, pruritus, vitiligo, or lichenoid lesions, but other more atypical conditions may lead to the internist being called upon. Here, we present a case series of these less common dermatological manifestations including fasciitis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, granulomatosis and immune-induced vasculitis. Some manifestations appear similar to the primary forms or seem to correspond to paraneoplastic syndromes, but some diagnostic and therapeutic particularities are specific to ICI toxicity that the internist must be aware of., (Copyright © 2024 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The present study aims to assess (1) the ecosystem services (ES) provided by LFS and (2) the differential ES between local (Creole) and exotic breeds from pig, cattle and goat. The ES are defined as the benefits that humans derive from LFS. They were summarized in 12 ES indicators that cover services related to provisioning, ecological and socio-cultural aspects and territorial vitality. A total of 106 LFS units that covers the five agroecological zones of Guadeloupe were analysed. Functional typologies of LFS per species were created from surveys. The effect of breed on the ES indicators was tested. Results showed that the 40 pig LFS units were separated into 3 clusters that were differentiated in ES according to provisioning ES (cluster 1), cultural use and sale to the neighborhood (cluster 2) and pork self-consumption (cluster 3). The typology of the 57 farms with cattle distinguished 4 clusters with differences in ES provided in self-consumption (cluster1), ecological ES (cluster 2), socio-cultural ES for racing or draught oxen (cluster 3) and ES associated with territory vitality (cluster 4). The 66 goat LFS units were classified into 3 clusters different in ES concerning self-consumption (cluster 1), cultural aspects (cluster 2) and provisioning ES (cluster 3). Our study highlights that ES indicators are not breed dependent (P > 0.10) but rather livestock farming system dependent. The ES rely more on the rearing management than on the breed type, and up to now, there are no specifications in Guadeloupe to differentiate management between breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pig farming systems in Vietnam are very diverse but little is known about this diversity. In particular, the different livestock farming systems currently in operation do not have the same capacity to be sustainable. The study aims to categorize farming systems involving pig production and investigate their sustainability. Data were collected from 160 family pig farms and 2 large-scale farms in Mai Son district of Son La province (northwest of Vietnam) using stratified random sampling. The multiple factor analysis method was used to identify different farms and to characterize each type with economic, social, and environmental indicators. The results highlighted four different farm types. Type 1 contained smallholder farms with diversified farm activities. They were mainly farmed by ethnic minorities located in the intermediate highland. They had low labor productivity and relied mainly on crop farming. Pig production was characterized by a low level of economic and social sustainability. Type 2 farms had comparatively less land and crops than other types. They were more specialized in livestock production, had medium-size pig herds, and were engaged in off-farm jobs. They were less dependent on credit or location and performed better with regard to environmental issues than larger farm types. Type 3 was specialized farms with large pig herds. They seemed more sustainable in economic and social components than the other types, but their environmental sustainability was questionable. Type 4 contained large mixed crop-livestock farms. They obtained high income but were more dependent on credit than the other types. In the future, in addition to focusing on large-scale specialized farms, policies should also consider small-scale and diversified farms because of their role in the sustainable development of national pig production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorous antioxidants efficiency against molten polypropylene (PP) thermal oxidation was assessed during isothermal ageing and processing by rotational molding. During isothermal ageing, experimental data were compared to the ones calculated on the basis of a kinetic model. Phosphonite is more effective than phosphite. Both phosphite and phosphonite decompose hydroperoxide and prevent initiation of oxidation reactions. However, phosphonite hydrolysis product acts as a radical chain terminator and blocks propagation reactions. Kinetic constants of stabilization reactions were evaluated and discussed. Further, this kinetic modeling was coupled to a thermal software, able to predict polymer temperature evolution during rotational molding and the degradation critical temperature (DCT) of different stabilized PP. A DCT of 235°C was obtained for PP stabilized with phosphonite and hindered phenol against 215°C for PP stabilized with phosphite and the same phenol. This difference of 20°C, corresponding to 5 min more heating is significant to optimize rotational molding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]