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This article presents the introduction of Naturalism in China and its first mentions since the end of the nineteenth century. It examines the main terms of the debate on Naturalism (1920-21), after Mao Dun proposed his translation project of Naturalist and Realist works (1920), and the reflections and notes by some writers-translators on this issue. It is argued that Mao Dun’s translation proposal constitutes the first model of planned literary translation to carry out specific political-cultural projects. It is also argued that Naturalism underwent a process of localisation in China to serve as a tool for making the transition toward a modern Chinese literature.

Except for a few catastrophic eruptions, the great famines of the past two millennia have been either the toxic result of the unequal distribution of resources within a society or of ideological experiments by dictatorial regimes. Agriculture, food, and demography have always been related and their control by those in power, whether political or religious figures, is central to every society, as the Nazis knew well. Talking about agriculture and food necessarily leads to talking about population and Africa, the continent of choice for alternative agriculture experiments by the large global agencies/NGOs. Talking about agriculture also means talking about land consumption, a very hot issue if we are to move from fossil fuels to renewable energies that consume much more land. Talking about renewable energies also means considering the environmental devastation generated by the production of the REE, their scarcity, and the developments of space exploration. It begs the question, is it really necessary to maintain the status quo, and who benefits from maintaining the current power structures by braking the climate change? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveAortic dissection (AD) is a severe aortic disease with high mortality, and its pathogenesis remains elusive. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of AD, we integrated public RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets to screen the hub genes of AD and further analyzed their functions, which may provide references to the diagnosis and treatment of AD.MethodsFour AD-related datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential expression analysis were applied to identify overlapping genes in dataset GSE153434. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on overlapping genes. Five methods (closeness, degree, EPC, MCC, and MNN) were used to pick hub genes. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the hub genes in extra datasets GSE98770 and GSE52093. scRNA-seq dataset GSE213740 was used to explore the expression and function of the hub genes at the single-cell level. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the expression of hub genes in beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-induced mouse thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) model.ResultsA total of 71 overlapping genes were screened by intersecting the significant genes in the pink module and the differentially expressed genes. A PPI network with 45 nodes and 74 edges was generated, and five top hub genes (HIF1A, HGF, HMOX1, ITGA5, and ITGB3) were identified. All the hub genes had area under the curve values above 0.55. scRNA-seq data analysis showed that HIF1A was significantly upregulated in macrophages and HGF was significantly upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the ascending aortas in AD patients. HIF1A may transcriptionally regulate multiple downstream target genes involving inflammation (TLR2, ALOX5AP, and MIF), glycolysis (ENO1, LDHA, and GAPDH), tissue remodeling (PLAU), and angiogenesis (SERPIN and VEGFA). HGF may participate in the signaling among SMCs, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells through binding to different receptors (MET, EGFR, IGF1R, and KDR). The mRNA expression of Hif1a, Hgf, and their target genes, including Alox5ap, Serpine1, Tlr2, Plau, Egfr, and Igf1r, was significantly upregulated in aortic tissues of BAPN-treated mice.ConclusionBy integrating RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data, we identified HIF1A and HGF as two hub genes with good diagnostic efficiency for AD. HIF1A in macrophages may promote AD formation by promoting inflammation, glycolysis, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis, and HGF may mediate signaling among SMCs, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the development of AD.

IntroductionFemale infertility is a global issue that impacts on public health seriously and many mental disorders are observed in infertility groups.MethodsTo investigate the casual relationship between those, genome-wide association studies summary data of anxiety disorder (n=9,897), broad depression (n=322,580), major depressive disorder (n=480,359 and n=500,199), bipolar disorder (n=51,710), insomnia (n= 462,341), and female infertility (n=126,342) were extracted from the existing datasets and was analyzed through the two-sample mendelian randomization study. The following heterogeneity and sensitivity test were applied to ensure the robustness of results.ResultsBased on inverse variance weighted results, major depressive disorder was associated with female infertility (P = 0.0001, odds ratio 1.396, 95 % confidence interval 1.175–1.658). No causal relationship was identified between the other four mental disorders and infertility. was found. Additionally, reverse mendelian randomization did not indicate a causal relationship among these disorders.DiscussionThe early identification and management of anxiety symptoms in women of reproductive age, in conjunction with the effective treatment of major depressive disorder, may be crucial for preserving female fertility.

Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), when a fetus does not grow as expected, is associated with a reduction in hepatic functionality and a higher risk for chronic liver disease in adulthood. Utilizing early developmental plasticity to reverse the outcome of poor fetal programming remains an unexplored area. Focusing on the biochemical profiles of neonates and previous transcriptome findings, piglets from the same fetus are selected as models for studying IUGR. The cellular landscape of the liver is created by scRNA‐seq to reveal sex‐dependent patterns in IUGR‐induced hepatic injury. One week after birth, IUGR piglets experience hypoxic stress. IUGR females exhibit fibroblast‐driven T cell conversion into an immune‐adapted phenotype, which effectively alleviates inflammation and fosters hepatic regeneration. In contrast, males experience even more severe hepatic injury. Prolonged inflammation due to disrupted lipid metabolism hinders intercellular communication among non‐immune cells, which ultimately impairs liver regeneration even into adulthood. Additionally, Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is explored as a novel biomarker by reducing hepatic triglyceride deposition as a protective response against hypoxia in IUGR males. PPARα activation can mitigate hepatic damage and meanwhile restore over‐expressed APOA4 to normal in IUGR males. The pioneering study offers valuable insights into the sexually dimorphic responses to hepatic injury during IUGR.

The relationship between the intake of artificial sweetener (AS) and adverse pregnancy outcomes is under-researched, and existing studies yield inconsistent conclusions. A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was employed to investigate the causal relationship between the intake of AS and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Instrumental variables related to the exposure phenotype were selected for analysis. The analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study summary data from public datasets. The inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcomes. Sensitivity analysis and multivariable Mendelian randomization enrolling body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and fasting glucose were employed to further validate the consistency and robustness of the results. In univariable MR, the intake of AS added to tea was associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy [OR = 1.821 (1.118–2.967), p = 0.016]. In multivariable MR adjusting for body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the intake of AS added to cereal was linked to a reduced risk of ectopic pregnancy [OR = 0.361 (0.145–0.895), p = 0.028] and premature rupture of membranes [OR = 0.116 (0.019–0.704), p = 0.019], while the intake of artificial sweetener added to coffee was associated with an increased risk of placenta previa [OR = 1.617 (1.042–2.510), p = 0.032]. No causal relationship was identified between the intake of artificial sweetener and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The consumption of artificial sweetener during pregnancy warrants careful consideration.