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5. Administration of vitamin E and C enhances immunological and biochemical responses against toxicity of silver nanoparticles in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Author

Iqbal, Khalid Javed, primary, Majeed, Hamid, additional, Iqbal, Khalid Jamshed, additional, Asghar, Muhammad, additional, Azmat, Hamda, additional, Fatima, Mahroze, additional, Khan, Noor, additional, Baboo, Irfan, additional, Tehseen, Amna, additional, Ali, Wazir, additional, Saeed, Usama, additional, Khizar, Ayesha, additional, Fatima, Amber, additional, Nisa, Sobia, additional, and Davies, Simon John, additional

Published
2023
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7. The influence of dietary protein concentration on digestive enzyme activities, growth, and body composition in juvenile bullseye snakehead (Channa marulius)

Author

Nazir, Sadia, primary, Khan, Noor, additional, Fatima, Mahroze, additional, Azmat, Hamda, additional, Naveed, Saima, additional, Ramzan, Malik Muhammad, additional, Asghar, Muhammad, additional, Bano, Sheeza, additional, Khizer, Ayesha, additional, Wan, Alex H. L., additional, and Davies, Simon John, additional

Published
2023
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8. Effects of dietary Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis, extract on physiological and antioxidant responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, juveniles to thermal stress

Author

Yousefi, Morteza, primary, Hoseini, Seyyed Morteza, additional, Kulikov, Evgeny Vladimirovich, additional, Seleznev, Sergey Borisovich, additional, Petrov, Aleksandr Konstantinovich, additional, Babichev, Nikolay Valerievich, additional, Kochneva, Margarita Vasilyevna, additional, and Davies, Simon John, additional

Published
2022
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11. Effect of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) feed supplementation on the proximate composition, amino acids, and fatty acids profile of bullseye snakehead Channa marulius.

Author

Nazir, Sadia, Khan, Noor, Azmat, Hamda, Saima, Ramzan, Malik Muhammad, and Davies, Simon John

Subjects
VITAMIN C, AMINO acids, METHIONINE, THREONINE, FATTY acids, GLUTAMIC acid, LEUCINE, DIETARY proteins, LYSINE
Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the impact dietary incorporation of vitamin C on the proximate composition, amino acids, and fatty acids profile in bullseye snakehead Channa marulius (100 g initial body weight) reared in hapa’s (cages) for three months. There were four treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3). Each treatment had three replicates. Fish were fed a 40% crude protein diet supplemented with various levels 0, 75, 150, and 300 mg kg-1 diet, respectively for the four treatments. After the feeding trial, the findings showed that by adding vitamin C to the diet improved snakehead Channa marulius growth performance significantly (p<0.05) in comparison to the control group. While the proximate composition of the fish was significantly impacted by the dietary treatments. The highest protein content 19.61% and lowest moisture content 72.65 % were found in T1 (75 mg kg-1). Dietary vitamin C at 75 and 150mg kg-1 levels in the diet had also a significant (p<0.05) effect on the methionine, threonine, leucine, histidine, lysine, and glutamic acid of fish muscle. Channa marulius fatty acid profile showed no significant (p>0.05) difference. Conclusively, inclusion of vitamin C at 75 and 150 mg kg-1 in the diet for snakehead significantly improved fish nutrients profile of C. marulius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. The nutritional value of dietary fibre for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Author

Davies, Simon John

Subjects
590, Rainbow trout, Fishes--Feeding and feeds
Abstract

The nutritional value of dietary fibre for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri was investigated using juvenile fish (lO-30g) maintained in freshwater at ambient temperatures under a natural photo period. A preliminary experiment was conducted using five purified dietary fibre sources, namely, a~cellulose, lignin, lignosulphonate, galactomannan and chitin ·which varied in physical, chemical and textural characteristics. A commercially available, powdered polyethylene was also used as an inert control ingredient and all sources of fibre were included at a, realistically low level of 5'% in separate semi-purified diets. Although there were no significant differences in the growth of fish at the end of the 10-week trial, several nutritional parameters were affected for rainbow trout fed the different experimental treatments. Mean daily food intake was re"d uced for trout receiving the lignin, chitin and galactomannan diets compared to the polyethylene control. Similarly the food conversion ratios (FeR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) were relatively inferior for diets containing chitin and galactomannan compared to the lignosulphonate treatment. Maximum net dietary nitrogen utilization was obtained for the polyethylene control t' ... ra ~on whilst lower values were again observed with chitin and galactomannan. Apparent dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibility coefficients however were in close agreement for each of the dietary treatments except for the lignin diet which was poorly digested. Generally the results implied that the properties of chitin and galactomannan were worthy of further study at higher inclusion levels and in different physical states. A specific·investigation in which 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% additions of a purified a-cellulose replaced dietary starch in separate experimental di e t s f a~'1 e d to produce any significant changes in the growth performance of trout and only slightly influenced nutrient utilization at the higher 15 and 20% inclusion levels. Negative digestibility coefficients for the 'unavailable' carbohydrate fraction of diets calculated from the 'total' and 'available' carbohydrate contents of diet and faecal samples was considered to be evidence of the non-nutritive and bulking qualities of a-cellulose. Growth and digestibility trials were then undertaken to examine the effects of including different levels (10 and 20%) and particle size ranges (45-500, 500-1000 microns) of chitin (poly-Nacetyl- D glucosamine) as a natural source of dietary fibre for trout. In a similar experiment, graded amounts of galactomannan polysaccharide (0, 10 and 20%) were added to moist pelleted diets to examine the long term effects of feeding a gel-type fibre characteristic' of many commercially available binding agents. Negative digestibility coefficients for both chitin and galactomannan based on specific biochemical measurements together with the failure to detect any chitinase activity in stomach and intestinal tissue was confirmation of the inability of rainbow trout to degrade and utilize these materials. Coarse grades of chitin at the 10 and 20% levels impaired food intake, growth performance and nutrient utilization as shown by the Poorer FCR, PER, net nitrogen utilization and digestibility coefficients compared to the diets containing finely ground chitin or the α-cellulose control treatment. Similar findings were obtained with increasing additions of galactomannan and there were associated reductions in the serum glucose and protein concentrations with each increment of dietary galactomannan. The final carcass compositions of fish were also affected by the gel fibre which caused a significant reduction in the tissue lipid content and an inverse trend in moisture content compared to trout receiving an a-cellulose control diet. Further investigations using a sacrificial method to follow and quantify the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract revealed that the physical properties of fibre such as particle size composition, water retaining capacity and viscosity were among several factors which modified gastric evacuation and digestion rates in rainbow trout. From the predicted gastric emptying times (GET), it was apparent that coarsely graded chitin (20%) and both 10 and 20% inclusions of galactomannan considerably increased the residence time of the gastrointestinal contents compared to finely ground chitin and a control diet without added fibre. Although an exponential relationship was found to best describe the stomach emptying profiles obtained, linearization of the data was achieved by applying surface area and volume dependent mathematical models which emphasized the importance of these physical factors. The combined nutrition and physiological studies supported the contention that fibre is the non-nutritive part of the diet, but it Was concluded that the level and nature of the fibrous material has· important consequences on the processes controlling food intake and the efficiency of digestion, which in turn may affect the assimilation of nutrients and the performance of growing rainbow trout.

Published
1984

15. The efficacy of different size of X-ray dense markers for determination of sequential feeding rates in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

Author

Tekinay, Ahmet Adem and Davies, Simon John

Subjects
Key words: X- radiography,different size of markers,feed intake,rainbow trout
Abstract

30 adult rainbow trout (0. mykiss) (202.1 ± 3.5 g SEM) in a fresh water recirculation system were fed the first test diet containing small radio-opaque glass beads 'ballotini' (0.6-0.9 mm) until all fish were satiated. The fish were re-fed at different time intervals (t= 0, 4,8, 12,24,30 and 36 hours) with the second test diet containing large size of glass beads (1.16-1.40 mm) and X-rayed. The amount of feed consumed by fish for each time interval was calculated following the quantification of the number of different size of glass beads in the developed X-ray sheets and the appetite return of trout was modelled. A first order equation best explained the appetite revival data (Feed Intake = 106.26* (1-e-0.079 time)). The times for 50 and 95 % of return of appetite in rainbow trout were observed as 8 and 28 hours, respectively. It was suggested that incorporation of markers of different sizes into various types of feed allows the amounts of each type of feed presented either simultaneously or as discrete meals offered within a 12 -hour-period.

Published
2015

16. Peritoneal Dialysate Glucose Load and Systemic Glucose Metabolism in Non-Diabetics: Results from the GLOBAL Fluid Cohort Study.

Author

Lambie, Mark, Chess, James, Do, Jun-Young, Noh, Hyunjin, Lee, Hi-Bahl, Kim, Yong-Lim, Summers, Angela, Williams, Paul Ford, Davison, Sara, Dorval, Marc, Topley, Nick, Davies, Simon John, and null, null

Subjects
PERITONEAL dialysis, GLUCOSE metabolism, MORTALITY, BLOOD serum analysis, DIABETES
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Glucose control is a significant predictor of mortality in diabetic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. During PD, the local toxic effects of intra-peritoneal glucose are well recognized, but despite large amounts of glucose being absorbed, the systemic effects of this in non-diabetic patients are not clear. We sought to clarify whether dialysate glucose has an effect upon systemic glucose metabolism. Methods and Materials: We analysed the Global Fluid Study cohort, a prospective, observational cohort study initiated in 2002. A subset of 10 centres from 3 countries with high data quality were selected (368 incident and 272 prevalent non-diabetic patients), with multilevel, multivariable analysis of the reciprocal of random glucose levels, and a stratified-by-centre Cox survival analysis. Results: The median follow up was 5.6 and 6.4 years respectively in incident and prevalent patients. On multivariate analysis, serum glucose increased with age (β = -0.007, 95%CI -0.010, -0.004) and decreased with higher serum sodium (β = 0.002, 95%CI 0.0005, 0.003) in incident patients and increased with dialysate glucose (β = -0.0002, 95%CI -0.0004, -0.00006) in prevalent patients. Levels suggested undiagnosed diabetes in 5.4% of prevalent patients. Glucose levels predicted death in unadjusted analyses of both incident and prevalent groups but in an adjusted survival analysis they did not (for random glucose 6–10 compared with <6, Incident group HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.58, 1.46, Prevalent group HR 1.42, 95%CI 0.86, 2.34). Conclusions: In prevalent non-diabetic patients, random glucose levels at a diabetic level are under-recognised and increase with dialysate glucose load. Random glucose levels predict mortality in unadjusted analyses, but this association has not been proven in adjusted analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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19. Use of Organically Certified Yeast in the Diet of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Fatty Acid Composition.

Author

Güroy, Derya, Tekinay, Ahmet Adem, and Davies, Simon John

Subjects
YEAST, RAINBOW trout, FISH food, FISH growth, FATTY acids
Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of the dietary organically-certified yeast, NuPro™, used as a replacement for fishmeal, on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and fatty acid composition in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two reference diets (conventional and organic) and three experimental diets (including 10%, 20%, or 30% NuPro™) were formulated. Diets were assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (4.0 g) for 12 weeks. There were no differences in growth performance or feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the two reference groups and growth responses were similar among experimental groups (p>0.05). Fish fed the 20% diet grew significantly better than the conventional group (p<0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in nutrient utilization between reference groups or between experimental groups, and none in body composition between any group (p>0.05). The highest n-3/n-6 ratio was obtained in fish fed the organic diet and the lowest in fish fed the 30% diet. Results show that organically certified yeast can contribute be an effective alternative to plant proteins in organic trout feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

20. Influence of Dietary Energy Level on Stomach Emptying and Appetite Revival Rates in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Author

Tekinay, Ahmet Adem, Güner, Yusuf, and Davies, Simon John

Subjects
RAINBOW trout, ONCORHYNCHUS, FISHES, GASTROINTESTINAL system, STOMACH, APPETITE
Abstract

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2003

21. Administration of vitamin E and C enhances immunological and biochemical responses against toxicity of silver nanoparticles in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on biochemical biomarkers, immune responses, and the curative potential effects of vitamin C and E on grass carp. Fish (n = 420) with an average initial body weight of 8.045 ± 0.13 g were shifted to glass aquaria (36 x 18 x 18 inches, filled with 160-L tap water) in triplicates. Aquaria were randomly designated as A, B, C, D with alone Ag-NPs (Control (0), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/L) and E, F, G with Ag-NPs + Vit. C + Vit. E (0.25+0.25+0.25, 0.50+0.50+0.50, 0.75+0.75+0.75 mg/L). NPs particles were administrated viz, oral and intravenous routes for 7 days. The results indicated that both routes had non-significant effect, but levels of Ag-NPs had significant effect. Treatments C, D and G showed significant decrease in levels of RBC, HGB and HCT except for WBC and NEUT levels, which significantly increased. ALT, ALP, AST, urea, and creatinine showed significant increase in activity in the C, D, and G groups. CAT, SOD decreased significantly in all Ag-NPs alone groups, while significantly increased with vitamin E and C. LYZ, TP, ALB, GLB showed significant low activity in the B, C, and D groups while significantly high activity in the E, F, and G groups. Cortisol, glucose and triglycerides showed significant increase in the B, C, and D groups, while E, F, and G groups showed significant low levels of triglycerides, COR, and GLU. Cholesterol level was same across all treatment groups. In conclusion, vitamin E and C as powerful antioxidants protect the fish against Ag-NPs except high dose level of 0.75mg/L, while 0.25mg/L of Ag-NPs was presumably safe for C. idella., The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on biochemical biomarkers, immune responses, and the curative potential effects of vitamin C and E on grass carp. Fish (n = 420) with an average initial body weight of 8.045 ± 0.13 g were shifted to glass aquaria (36 x 18 x 18 inches, filled with 160-L tap water) in triplicates. Aquaria were randomly designated as A, B, C, D with alone Ag-NPs (Control (0), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/L) and E, F, G with Ag-NPs + Vit. C + Vit. E (0.25+0.25+0.25, 0.50+0.50+0.50, 0.75 +0.75+0.75 mg/L). NPs particles were administrated viz, oral and intravenous routes for 7 days. The results indicated that both routes had non-significant effect, but levels of Ag-NPs had significant effect. Treatments C, D and G showed significant decrease in levels of RBC, HGB and HCT except for WBC and NEUT levels, which significantly increased. ALT, ALP, AST, urea, and creatinine showed significant increase in activity in the C, D, and G groups. CAT, SOD decreased significantly in all Ag-NPs alone groups, while significantly increased with vitamin E and C. LYZ, TP, ALB, GLB showed significant low activity in the B, C, and D groups while significantly high activity in the E, F, and G groups. Cortisol, glucose and triglycerides showed significant increase in the B, C, and D groups, while E, F, and G groups showed significant low levels of triglycerides, COR, and GLU. Cholesterol level was same across all treatment groups. In conclusion, vitamin E and C as powerful antioxidants protect the fish against Ag-NPs except high dose level of 0.75mg/L, while 0.25mg/L of Ag-NPs was presumably safe for C. idella.

Published
2023

22. Administration of vitamin E and C enhances immunological and biochemical responses against toxicity of silver nanoparticles in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on biochemical biomarkers, immune responses, and the curative potential effects of vitamin C and E on grass carp. Fish (n = 420) with an average initial body weight of 8.045 ± 0.13 g were shifted to glass aquaria (36 x 18 x 18 inches, filled with 160-L tap water) in triplicates. Aquaria were randomly designated as A, B, C, D with alone Ag-NPs (Control (0), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/L) and E, F, G with Ag-NPs + Vit. C + Vit. E (0.25+0.25+0.25, 0.50+0.50+0.50, 0.75+0.75+0.75 mg/L). NPs particles were administrated viz, oral and intravenous routes for 7 days. The results indicated that both routes had non-significant effect, but levels of Ag-NPs had significant effect. Treatments C, D and G showed significant decrease in levels of RBC, HGB and HCT except for WBC and NEUT levels, which significantly increased. ALT, ALP, AST, urea, and creatinine showed significant increase in activity in the C, D, and G groups. CAT, SOD decreased significantly in all Ag-NPs alone groups, while significantly increased with vitamin E and C. LYZ, TP, ALB, GLB showed significant low activity in the B, C, and D groups while significantly high activity in the E, F, and G groups. Cortisol, glucose and triglycerides showed significant increase in the B, C, and D groups, while E, F, and G groups showed significant low levels of triglycerides, COR, and GLU. Cholesterol level was same across all treatment groups. In conclusion, vitamin E and C as powerful antioxidants protect the fish against Ag-NPs except high dose level of 0.75mg/L, while 0.25mg/L of Ag-NPs was presumably safe for C. idella., The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on biochemical biomarkers, immune responses, and the curative potential effects of vitamin C and E on grass carp. Fish (n = 420) with an average initial body weight of 8.045 ± 0.13 g were shifted to glass aquaria (36 x 18 x 18 inches, filled with 160-L tap water) in triplicates. Aquaria were randomly designated as A, B, C, D with alone Ag-NPs (Control (0), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/L) and E, F, G with Ag-NPs + Vit. C + Vit. E (0.25+0.25+0.25, 0.50+0.50+0.50, 0.75 +0.75+0.75 mg/L). NPs particles were administrated viz, oral and intravenous routes for 7 days. The results indicated that both routes had non-significant effect, but levels of Ag-NPs had significant effect. Treatments C, D and G showed significant decrease in levels of RBC, HGB and HCT except for WBC and NEUT levels, which significantly increased. ALT, ALP, AST, urea, and creatinine showed significant increase in activity in the C, D, and G groups. CAT, SOD decreased significantly in all Ag-NPs alone groups, while significantly increased with vitamin E and C. LYZ, TP, ALB, GLB showed significant low activity in the B, C, and D groups while significantly high activity in the E, F, and G groups. Cortisol, glucose and triglycerides showed significant increase in the B, C, and D groups, while E, F, and G groups showed significant low levels of triglycerides, COR, and GLU. Cholesterol level was same across all treatment groups. In conclusion, vitamin E and C as powerful antioxidants protect the fish against Ag-NPs except high dose level of 0.75mg/L, while 0.25mg/L of Ag-NPs was presumably safe for C. idella.

Published
2023

23. The effect of dietary inclusion of category 3 animal by-product meals on rainbow trout (O. mykiss Walbaum) mineralised tissues and immune function

Author

Owen, Matthew Alun Griffiths and Davies, Simon John

Subjects
636.085, Animal by products, trout, immune system, bone physiology, fish
Abstract

Aquaculture is growing rapidly worldwide and is projected to become the major source of fish used for human consumption. A major factor that limits aquaculture reaching its full potential is an adequate supply of the raw materials necessary for formulated fish feeds. The dependence of modern aquaculture on fishmeal obtained from wild fisheries is not environmentally sustainable and replacements for fishmeal must be found. Some animal by-products are viable replacements for fishmeal, and can provide sufficent nutrition for high growth rates, but little is known about the potential of animal by-products to adversely affect fish health. The objectives of these experiments were to determine if animal by-products used in fish feeds impair immune response or alter bone physiology in cultured juvenile rainbow trout. Four animal by-product containing diets (poultry meat meal (PMM)/ PMM plus feathermeal / PMM plus bloodmeal) and two reference diets (fishmeal or soya) were evaluated to determine their effect on innate immune response, the ability of fish to cope with normal husbandry stressors, and bone physiology. PMM was then selected due to its favourable amino acid profile and high digestibility and assessed to determine if the high levels of fishmeal replacement that may be required in the future, impact the health of rainbow trout. Due to the lack of reliable indicators of bone quality and quantity in salmonids the effects of exercise and phosphorus deficiency in rainbow trout were also examined. Relative to the fishmeal control diet, fish fed diets with PMM [(PMM) 50% crude protein, by substitution], PMM plus two percent blood meal, or PMM plus five percent feather meal, did not have an impaired innate immunity (lysozyme, alternative complement, phagocytosis, intracellular respiratory burst, differential counts of peripheral blood leukocytes) or changes in bone physiology as assessed by dynamic bone histomorphometry. Higher levels of PMM (0-70% digestible protein, by substitution) caused a reduction in apparent net mineral retention of phosphorus and calcium (P<0.001), a lower vertebral bone mineral content (P<0.001) and reduced vertebral mechanical properties (compressive extension (P=0.04), Young’s Modulus (P=0.03)), but fish growth was not affected. Exercise influenced bone modelling, with exercised animals having a reduced bone area and trabecular thickness (P=0.01), increased autocentrum width (P=0.04), and higher bone mineral content (P= 0.02); however, bone mechanical properties were unaffected. Induction of genes (receptor activator nuclear factor kappa beta and osteoprotogenerin), involved in the resorption of mineralised tissue, was not observed in fish fed phosphorus deficient diets although scales were evidenced to be an important source of labile minerals. Overall our results indicate that low level replacement of fish meal by poultry meat meal, and blends of poultry meat meal with blood or feathermeal do not affect fish innate immune response, bone physiology, or growth however the greatly elevated levels of poultry meat meal that may be required in future salmonid aquafeeds could increase the risk of spinal malformations. Thus the category 3 animal by products tested are valuable fishmeal replacements for aquaculture based on the endpoints measured in this study.

Published
2011

25. Growth, Feed Utilization And Carcass Composition In Rainbow Trout Fed Diets With A Similar Digestible Energy Content And Different Carbohydrate Levels

Abstract

Three diets including 13.2%, 22% or 30.5% carbohydrates as extruded wheat meal were fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial weight 34.8 g), for twelve weeks to investigate their influence on growth, protein and energy utilization and carcass composition. Daily feeding rates were 1.76, 2.05 or 2.17 g feed per 100 g body weight for the three diets, respectively, so as to reach a daily allowance of about 35.5 kJ digestible energy per 100 g body weight. No significant differences (p>0.05) in final mean weight or specific growth rate were observed between the treatments. Feed efficiency was negatively correlated to the dietary carbohydrate level. Utilized digestible protein and energy per kg growth were 365, 348, 358 g and 15.4, 15.9, 17.0 MJ, respectively, for the three diets. Apparent net protein and energy utilization of the groups fed a medium or high carbohydrate level were higher than those of the low carbohydrate group. Analysis of fish carcasses at the end of the trial revealed no significant (p>0.05) variations attrib- utable to the carbohydrate level.

Published
2003

26. Growth, Feed Utilization And Carcass Composition In Rainbow Trout Fed Diets With A Similar Digestible Energy Content And Different Carbohydrate Levels

Abstract

Three diets including 13.2%, 22% or 30.5% carbohydrates as extruded wheat meal were fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial weight 34.8 g), for twelve weeks to investigate their influence on growth, protein and energy utilization and carcass composition. Daily feeding rates were 1.76, 2.05 or 2.17 g feed per 100 g body weight for the three diets, respectively, so as to reach a daily allowance of about 35.5 kJ digestible energy per 100 g body weight. No significant differences (p>0.05) in final mean weight or specific growth rate were observed between the treatments. Feed efficiency was negatively correlated to the dietary carbohydrate level. Utilized digestible protein and energy per kg growth were 365, 348, 358 g and 15.4, 15.9, 17.0 MJ, respectively, for the three diets. Apparent net protein and energy utilization of the groups fed a medium or high carbohydrate level were higher than those of the low carbohydrate group. Analysis of fish carcasses at the end of the trial revealed no significant (p>0.05) variations attrib- utable to the carbohydrate level.

Published
2003

27. Growth, Feed Utilization And Carcass Composition In Rainbow Trout Fed Diets With A Similar Digestible Energy Content And Different Carbohydrate Levels

Abstract

Three diets including 13.2%, 22% or 30.5% carbohydrates as extruded wheat meal were fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial weight 34.8 g), for twelve weeks to investigate their influence on growth, protein and energy utilization and carcass composition. Daily feeding rates were 1.76, 2.05 or 2.17 g feed per 100 g body weight for the three diets, respectively, so as to reach a daily allowance of about 35.5 kJ digestible energy per 100 g body weight. No significant differences (p>0.05) in final mean weight or specific growth rate were observed between the treatments. Feed efficiency was negatively correlated to the dietary carbohydrate level. Utilized digestible protein and energy per kg growth were 365, 348, 358 g and 15.4, 15.9, 17.0 MJ, respectively, for the three diets. Apparent net protein and energy utilization of the groups fed a medium or high carbohydrate level were higher than those of the low carbohydrate group. Analysis of fish carcasses at the end of the trial revealed no significant (p>0.05) variations attrib- utable to the carbohydrate level.

Published
2003

28. Half Year 2022 Flutter Entertainment PLC Earnings Call - Final

Subjects
Business
Abstract

Presentation OPERATOR: Good morning, and welcome to the Flutter Entertainment half year results update call. Peter Jackson, CEO, who is joined by Jonathan Hill, CFO. (Operator Instructions) And now I [...]

Published
2022

29. Q1 2022 Flutter Entertainment PLC Trading Statement Call - Final

Subjects
Market trend/market analysis, Business
Abstract

Presentation OPERATOR: Good morning, and welcome, everyone, to the Flutter Entertainment Q1 Investor Update Call hosted by CEO, Peter Jackson; and CFO, Jonathan Hill. (Operator Instructions) For now, I'll hand [...]

Published
2022

30. Future PLC M&A to Acquire Dennis Publishing Ltd Presentation - Final

Subjects
Publishing industry, Publishing industry, Business
Abstract

Presentation OPERATOR: Good morning. Thank you for attending Future Plc's investor call. (Operator Instructions) Please note that this event is being recorded. I will now hand over to Zillah Byng-Thorne, [...]

Published
2021

31. Full Year 2020 888 Holdings PLC Earnings Presentation - Final

Subjects
Chairpersons, Business
Abstract

Presentation BERTIE BERGER: Welcome to the 888 Holdings Full Year Results Presentation. I will hand you over to Brian Mattingley, Chairman of 888. Brian, please go ahead. BRIAN ROGER MATTINGLEY, [...]

Published
2021

32. 888 Holdings PLC SellSide Analyst Webinar - Final

Subjects
Financial analysts, Business
Abstract

Presentation BERTIE BERGER: Welcome to the 888 Holdings plc webinar. I will hand you over to Itai Pazner, Chief Executive. Itai, please go ahead. ITAI PAZNER, CEO & DIRECTOR, 888 [...]

Published
2021

33. Q3 2020 Flutter Entertainment PLC Trading Statement Call - Final

Subjects
Paddy Power -- Forecasts and trends, Information technology services industry -- Forecasts and trends, Chief financial officers -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Computer services industry, Business
Abstract

Presentation OPERATOR: Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Flutter Entertainment Q3 Results Call, hosted by Peter Jackson, CEO; and Jonathan Hill, CFO. (Operator Instructions) But for now, I will [...]

Published
2020

34. Half Year 2020 888 Holdings PLC Earnings Presentation - Final

Subjects
Market trend/market analysis, Business
Abstract

Presentation ITAI PAZNER, CEO & DIRECTOR, 888 HOLDINGS PLC: Good morning, everyone, and welcome to 888's Half Year Results of 2020. And just before we start today, I'd like to [...]

Published
2020

36. Stars Group Inc to Acquire Sky Betting & Gaming Call - Final

Subjects
Sky Group Ltd., CVC Capital Partners Ltd. Sky Betting and Gaming, Cable television broadcasting industry, Online gambling, Internet service providers, Sports/gambling game, Internet service provider, Business
Abstract

Presentation OPERATOR: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for standing by. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this conference is being recorded today, Monday, April 23, 2018. Replay details [...]

Published
2018

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