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5,128 results on '"Darzi, Ara"'

13. Pathobionts in the tumour microbiota predict survival following resection for colorectal cancer

Author

Alexander, James L., Posma, Joram M., Scott, Alasdair, Poynter, Liam, Mason, Sam E., Doria, M. Luisa, Herendi, Lili, Roberts, Lauren, McDonald, Julie A. K., Cameron, Simon, Hughes, David J., Liska, Vaclav, Susova, Simona, Soucek, Pavel, der Sluis, Verena Horneffer-van, Gomez-Romero, Maria, Lewis, Matthew R., Hoyles, Lesley, Woolston, Andrew, Cunningham, David, Darzi, Ara, Gerlinger, Marco, Goldin, Robert, Takats, Zoltan, Marchesi, Julian R., Teare, Julian, and Kinross, James

Published
2023
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14. A Delphi consensus statement for digital surgery

Author

Lam, Kyle, Abràmoff, Michael D, Balibrea, José M, Bishop, Steven M, Brady, Richard R, Callcut, Rachael A, Chand, Manish, Collins, Justin W, Diener, Markus K, Eisenmann, Matthias, Fermont, Kelly, Neto, Manoel Galvao, Hager, Gregory D, Hinchliffe, Robert J, Horgan, Alan, Jannin, Pierre, Langerman, Alexander, Logishetty, Kartik, Mahadik, Amit, Maier-Hein, Lena, Antona, Esteban Martín, Mascagni, Pietro, Mathew, Ryan K, Müller-Stich, Beat P, Neumuth, Thomas, Nickel, Felix, Park, Adrian, Pellino, Gianluca, Rudzicz, Frank, Shah, Sam, Slack, Mark, Smith, Myles J, Soomro, Naeem, Speidel, Stefanie, Stoyanov, Danail, Tilney, Henry S, Wagner, Martin, Darzi, Ara, Kinross, James M, and Purkayastha, Sanjay

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, Health and social care services research, 7.1 Individual care needs, Management of diseases and conditions, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, 8.3 Policy, ethics, and research governance, 7.3 Management and decision making, Generic health relevance, Health services and systems
Abstract

The use of digital technology is increasing rapidly across surgical specialities, yet there is no consensus for the term 'digital surgery'. This is critical as digital health technologies present technical, governance, and legal challenges which are unique to the surgeon and surgical patient. We aim to define the term digital surgery and the ethical issues surrounding its clinical application, and to identify barriers and research goals for future practice. 38 international experts, across the fields of surgery, AI, industry, law, ethics and policy, participated in a four-round Delphi exercise. Issues were generated by an expert panel and public panel through a scoping questionnaire around key themes identified from the literature and voted upon in two subsequent questionnaire rounds. Consensus was defined if >70% of the panel deemed the statement important and

Published
2022

15. Exponential growth, high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine effectiveness associated with the Delta variant.

Author

Elliott, Paul, Haw, David, Wang, Haowei, Eales, Oliver, Walters, Caroline, Ainslie, Kylie, Atchison, Christina, Fronterre, Claudio, Diggle, Peter, Page, Andrew, Trotter, Alexander, Prosolek, Sophie, Ashby, Deborah, Donnelly, Christl, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, and Riley, Steven

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, COVID-19 Vaccines, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Ethnicity, Family Characteristics, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Socioeconomic Factors, Vaccination Coverage, Vaccine Efficacy, Young Adult
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were rising during early summer 2021 in many countries as a result of the Delta variant. We assessed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction swab positivity in the Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission–1 (REACT-1) study in England. During June and July 2021, we observed sustained exponential growth with an average doubling time of 25 days, driven by complete replacement of the Alpha variant by Delta and by high prevalence at younger, less-vaccinated ages. Prevalence among unvaccinated people [1.21% (95% credible interval 1.03%, 1.41%)] was three times that among double-vaccinated people [0.40% (95% credible interval 0.34%, 0.48%)]. However, after adjusting for age and other variables, vaccine effectiveness for double-vaccinated people was estimated at between ~50% and ~60% during this period in England. Increased social mixing in the presence of Delta had the potential to generate sustained growth in infections, even at high levels of vaccination.

Published
2021

18. Simulation-Based Inference for Global Health Decisions

Author

de Witt, Christian Schroeder, Gram-Hansen, Bradley, Nardelli, Nantas, Gambardella, Andrew, Zinkov, Rob, Dokania, Puneet, Siddharth, N., Espinosa-Gonzalez, Ana Belen, Darzi, Ara, Torr, Philip, and Baydin, Atılım Güneş

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of in-silico epidemiological modelling in predicting the dynamics of infectious diseases to inform health policy and decision makers about suitable prevention and containment strategies. Work in this setting involves solving challenging inference and control problems in individual-based models of ever increasing complexity. Here we discuss recent breakthroughs in machine learning, specifically in simulation-based inference, and explore its potential as a novel venue for model calibration to support the design and evaluation of public health interventions. To further stimulate research, we are developing software interfaces that turn two cornerstone COVID-19 and malaria epidemiology models COVID-sim, (https://github.com/mrc-ide/covid-sim/) and OpenMalaria (https://github.com/SwissTPH/openmalaria) into probabilistic programs, enabling efficient interpretable Bayesian inference within those simulators.

Published
2020

23. Shape Sensing of Variable Stiffness Soft Robots using Electrical Impedance Tomography

Author

Avery, James, Runciman, Mark, Darzi, Ara, and Mylonas, George P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Soft robotic systems offer benefits over traditional rigid systems through reduced contact trauma with soft tissues and by enabling access through tortuous paths in minimally invasive surgery. However, the inherent deformability of soft robots places both a greater onus on accurate modelling of their shape, and greater challenges in realising intraoperative shape sensing. Herein we present a proprioceptive (self-sensing) soft actuator, with an electrically conductive working fluid. Electrical impedance measurements from up to six electrodes enabled tomographic reconstructions using Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). A new Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM) EIT system was developed capable of measurements of 66 dB SNR with 20 ms temporal resolution. The concept was examined in two two-degree-of-freedom designs: a hydraulic hinged actuator and a pneumatic finger actuator with hydraulic beams. Both cases demonstrated that impedance measurements could be used to infer shape changes, and EIT images reconstructed during actuation showed distinct patterns with respect to each degree of freedom (DOF). Whilst there was some mechanical hysteresis observed, the repeatability of the measurements and resultant images was high. The results show the potential of FDM-EIT as a low-cost, low profile shape sensor in soft robots., Comment: Fixed PDF conversion error. Now published in ICRA 2019, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation 2019

Published
2019
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27. Systematic review of health research using internet search data

Author

Thompson, Matthew, primary, Chan, Calvin, additional, Daniels, Elisabeth, additional, Obana, Kevin, additional, Taylor, James, additional, Grailey, Kate, additional, Schneider, Renee, additional, Flatley, John, additional, Sounderajah, Viknesh, additional, and Darzi, Ara, additional

Published
2024
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28. The Portuguese NHS 2024 reform: transformation through vertical integration

Author

Goiana-da-Silva, Francisco, primary, Sá, Juliana, additional, Cabral, Miguel, additional, Guedes, Raisa, additional, Vasconcelos, Rafael, additional, Sarmento, João, additional, Morais Nunes, Alexandre, additional, Moreira, Rita, additional, Miraldo, Marisa, additional, Ashrafian, Hutan, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, and Araújo, Fernando, additional

Published
2024
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29. #1849 Returning to dialysis after kidney transplant failure: preliminary findings of a multi-centre database

Author

Ye, Xiaoling (Janice), primary, Shivakumar, Oshini, additional, Larkin, John, additional, Kotanko, Peter, additional, Hippen, Benjamin, additional, Guinsburg, Adrian, additional, Raimann, Jochen, additional, Ashby, Damien, additional, Tam, Frederick, additional, Ashrafian, Hutan, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, and Duncan, Neill, additional

Published
2024
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31. Free-View, 3D Gaze-Guided, Assistive Robotic System for Activities of Daily Living

Author

Wang, Ming-Yao, Kogkas, Alexandros A., Darzi, Ara, and Mylonas, George P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Patients suffering from quadriplegia have limited body motion which prevents them from performing daily activities. We have developed an assistive robotic system with an intuitive free-view gaze interface. The user's point of regard is estimated in 3D space while allowing free head movement and is combined with object recognition and trajectory planning. This framework allows the user to interact with objects using fixations. Two operational modes have been implemented to cater for different eventualities. The automatic mode performs a pre-defined task associated with a gaze-selected object, while the manual mode allows gaze control of the robot's end-effector position on the user's frame of reference. User studies reported effortless operation in automatic mode. A manual pick and place task achieved a success rate of 100% on the users' first attempt., Comment: 7 Pages, 9 Figures, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2018), Madrid, Spain

Published
2018

32. ESD CYCLOPS: A new robotic surgical system for GI surgery

Author

Vrielink, Timo J. C. Oude, Zhao, Ming, Darzi, Ara, and Mylonas, George P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is an advanced therapeutic endoscopy technique with superior clinical outcome due to the minimally invasive and en bloc removal of tumours. In the western world, ESD is seldom carried out, due to its complex and challenging nature. Various surgical systems are being developed to make this therapy accessible, however, these solutions have shown limited operational workspace, dexterity, or low force exertion capabilities. The current paper shows the ESD CYCLOPS system, a bimanual surgical robotic attachment that can be mounted at the end of any flexible endoscope. The system is able to achieve forces of up to 46N, and showed a mean error of 0.217mm during an elliptical tracing task. The workspace and instrument dexterity is shown by pre-clinical ex vivo trials, in which ESD is succesfully performed by a GI surgeon. The system is currently undergoing pre-clinical in vivo validation., Comment: Accepted for ICRA 2018 (International Conference on Robotics and Automation), 8 Pages, 11 Figures

Published
2017

34. The first international Delphi consensus statement on Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal surgery

Author

Omar, Islam, Miller, Karl, Madhok, Brijesh, Amr, Bassem, Singhal, Rishi, Graham, Yitka, Pouwels, Sjaak, Abu Hilal, Mohammad, Aggarwal, Sandeep, Ahmed, Irfan, Aminian, Ali, Ammori, Basil Jaser, Arulampalam, Tan, Awan, Altaf, Balibrea, José María, Bhangu, Aneel, Brady, Richard Raymond, Brown, Wendy, Chand, Manish, Darzi, Ara, Gill, Talvinder Singh, Goel, Ramen, Gopinath, Bussa R., Henegouwen, Mark van Berge, Himpens, Jacques M., Kerrigan, David Daniel, Luyer, Misha, Macutkiewicz, Christian, Mayol, Julio, Purkayastha, Sanjay, Rosenthal, Raul Jacobo, Shikora, Scott Alan, Small, Peter Kenneth, Smart, Neil James, Taylor, Mark A., Udwadia, Tehemton E., Underwood, Tim, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS., Welch, Neil Thomas, Wexner, Steven D., Wilson, Michael Samuel James, Winter, Des C., and Mahawar, Kamal K.

Published
2022
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36. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in double and triple vaccinated adults and single dose vaccine effectiveness among children in Autumn 2021 in England: REACT-1 study

Author

Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Eales, Oliver, Bodinier, Barbara, Wang, Haowei, Haw, David, Whitaker, Matthew, Elliott, Joshua, Walters, Caroline E., Jonnerby, Jakob, Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J., Page, Andrew J., Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Donnelly, Christl A., and Elliott, Paul

Published
2022
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39. SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine effectiveness in England (REACT-1): a series of cross-sectional random community surveys

Author

Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Wang, Haowei, Eales, Oliver, Haw, David, Bodinier, Barbara, Whitaker, Matthew, Walters, Caroline E, Ainslie, Kylie E C, Atchison, Christina, Fronterre, Claudio, Diggle, Peter J, Page, Andrew J, Trotter, Alexander J, Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Riley, Steven, Donnelly, Christl A, and Elliott, Paul

Published
2022
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43. Dynamics of a national Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic during January 2022 in England

Author

Elliott, Paul, Eales, Oliver, Bodinier, Barbara, Tang, David, Wang, Haowei, Jonnerby, Jakob, Haw, David, Elliott, Joshua, Whitaker, Matthew, Walters, Caroline E., Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J., Page, Andrew J., Trotter, Alexander J., Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Cooke, Graham S., Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, and Donnelly, Christl A.

Published
2022
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