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4 results on '"Cotichini, R. d"'

1. Genetic and environmental effects on carotid flow velocities: An international twin study

Author

Lucatelli, P. a., Tarnoki, A. D. b, Tarnoki, D. L. b, Giannoni, Maria Fabrizia, Gazzetti, M. c, Boatta, E. a, Zini, C. a, Cotichini, R. d, Baracchini, C. e, Meneghetti, G. e, Nisticó, L. d, Fagnani, C. d, Karlinger, K. b, Horvath, T. f, Molnar, A. A., Gh, Garami, Z. i, Medda, E. d, Stazi, M. A. d, Berczi, V. b, and Fanelli, F. a.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carotid Artery, Common, Diastole, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Ultrasound screening, Ischemia, Risk Factors, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Common carotid artery, Aged, Genetics, Hungary, business.industry, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Blood flow, Heritability, Middle Aged, Twin study, United States, Stroke, Italy, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Carotid flow, Regression Analysis, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Internal carotid artery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Blood Flow Velocity, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract

Introduction Altered carotid blood flow velocities (CFV) have a complex background but the underlying genetic contribution is still unclear. We sought to evaluate the influence of genetics, shared and unshared environmental components on individual differences of CFV. Methods 193 healthy twin pairs, 126 monozygotic (MZ) and 67 dizygotic (DZ) (mean age 53 ± 14 years) recruited in Italy, in the United States and in Hungary underwent bilateral color-coded Doppler flow assessment of the common carotid artery (CCA) and of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in order to assess the peak systolic (PSV) and end diastolic (EDV) velocities. Means of bilateral CFV values were used in the analysis. Results Age- and country-adjusted intra-class correlations were higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic pairs for mean PSV of the ICA indicating a heritability of 63%. Unique environmental factors contributed to 37% of ICA PSV. With regards to the mean PSV and EDV of the CCA, and EDV of the ICA, heritability analysis indicated no discernible role for genetic components, while the contributions of shared and unshared environmental factors ranged between 56% and 63%, and between 37% and 44% adjusted for age and country, respectively. Mean ICA/CCA ratio was driven by unique environmental factors (82%) with modest heritability (18%). Conclusions Our study showed that the heritability of ICA PSV and ICA/CCA ratio is moderate, while the findings do not support heritability of other investigated CFV values. Environmental effects account for a moderate to major portion of the variance. These findings support the value of early ultrasound screening as well as the prevention of modifiable environmental factors in case of altered carotid flow velocities.

Published
2013

2. Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children.

Author

De Palma, Giada, Nadal, Inmaculada, Medina, Marcela, Donat, Ester, Ribes-Koninckx, Carmen, Calabuig, Miguel, and Yolanda Sanz

Subjects
CELIAC disease, INTESTINAL infections, GLUTEN, PLANT proteins, ANTIGENS, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, BACTERIA
Abstract

Background: Coeliac disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder due to an aberrant immune response to dietary gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. Mucosal immune response through IgA secretion constitutes a first line of defence responsible for neutralizing noxious antigens and pathogens. The aim of thisstudy was the characterization of the relationships between immunoglobulin-coated bacteria and bacterialcomposition of faeces of coeliac disease (CD) patients, untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD) andhealthy controls. Results: IgA-coated faecal bacterial levels were significantly lower in both untreated and treated CD patients thanin healthy controls. IgG and IgM-coated bacterial levels were also significantly lower in treated CD patients than inuntreated CD patients and controls. Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria ratio was significantly reduced inboth CD patients compared to controls. Bifidobacterium, Clostridium histolyticum, C. lituseburense andFaecalibacterium prausnitzii group proportions were less abundant (P < 0.050) in untreated CD patients than inhealthy controls. Bacteroides-Prevotella group proportions were more abundant (P < 0.050) in untreated CD patientsthan in controls. Levels of IgA coating the Bacteroides-Prevotella group were significantly reduced (P < 0.050) inboth CD patients in comparison with healthy controls.Conclusions: In CD patients, reduced IgA-coated bacteria is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which altogetherprovide new insights into the possible relationships between the gut microbiota and the host defences in thisdisorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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3. Wheat and Barley Grain Biofortification

Author

Om Prakash Gupta, Vanita Pandey, Sneh Narwal, Pradeep Sharma, Sewa Ram, Gyanendra Pratap Singh, Om Prakash Gupta, Vanita Pandey, Sneh Narwal, Pradeep Sharma, Sewa Ram, and Gyanendra Pratap Singh

Subjects
Wheat--Breeding, Barley--Breeding, Crop improvement
Abstract

Wheat and Barley Grain Biofortification addresses topics associated with the alleviation of malnutrition in globally diverse populations via wheat and barley biofortification. The book synthesizes the current trends of malnutrition across the globe, the need for wheat and barley nutritional enhancement and how agronomic, microbial and molecular understanding of biofortification can help in devising significant approaches and strategies. In addition, it includes discussions on potential genetic variability available and their efficient utilization in wheat and barley for molecular breeding for nutrients, challenges and opportunities for bioavailability, and technical advancement for analysis of bioavailability. - Addresses the need for wheat and barley biofortification to address global nutrition demands - Places emphasis on the current agronomic and molecular understanding of biofortification - Discusses the potential utilization of genetic variability - Highlights the economics of biofortification over fortification technology

Published
2020

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