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Background Methods Results Conclusion In South Africa (SA), data on the incidence of thyroid cancer is limited. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is by far the most common malignancy in developed countries; however, a preponderance of follicular thyroid cancer in developing countries, despite iodized salt, has been observed. The aim of this study was to describe the national landscape of thyroid cancer in SA with reference to pathological subtypes, surgical outcomes, and treatments offered.A multi‐institutional retrospective review of thyroid cancer patients operated on between January 2015 and December 2019 was performed. Public hospitals with associated academic institutions were included. Data were collected from theater registers, pathology, and radiology records. Statistical analysis was done to determine intergroup significance.A total of 464 thyroid cancer cases from 13 centers across five SA provinces were identified. Most patients presented with a mass (67%). Ultrasound was performed in 82% of patients, and 16.3% underwent surgery without pre‐operative cytology. Of the histologically confirmed thyroid cancers, 61.8% were papillary and 22.1% follicular thyroid cancer. There was a significant association between subtype and geographical area, and T‐stage and operation performed. Surgical complication rates included hematoma in 1.8%, post‐operative hypocalcemia in 28.7%, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 3.5%.This first national review describes the landscape of thyroid cancer in SA, revealing considerable differences compared to international studies. It provides valuable insight into the unique South African experience with this disease. In addition, this study serves as an impetus towards a prospective national registry with real‐world data informing contextualized guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor is a rare low-grade neoplasm of the skin and subcutis with indolent behavior. This entity has been included in the current World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of soft tissue tumors. Pathological diagnosis can be challenging due to significant morphological overlap with other entities and the large spectrum of CD34 positive tumors. We report a case in a twenty-five male which showed characteristic diagnostic features, but in addition showed myxoid stroma. The presence of myxoid stroma has not been previously emphasized in this entity and broadens the histologic differential diagnosis significantly to include myxoid soft tissue tumors. A subset of these tumors harbor PRDM10 -rearrangements, but a defining molecular feature has not yet been described, highlighting the need for further molecular characterization of this potentially genetically heterogenous tumor. Awareness of this entity among surgeons and pathologists is important to prevent misclassification as an aggressive sarcoma and avoid over-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Killian-Jamieson diverticulum potentially mimicking a thyroid nodule: A case report highlighting the cytology of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum Fine-needle aspiration of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum mimicking a calcified thyroid nodule on ultrasonography. Details of oesophageal content on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the thyroid to discern PED from thyroid nodules have been described in reports.[[1], [3], [5], [7]] Although radiological imaging is needed to differentiate diverticula from thyroid nodules, FNAB has been shown to be a useful initial test to evaluate and diagnose pretenders of thyroidal lesions. Keywords: Bethesda nondiagnostic; fine needle aspiration biopsy; oesophageal diverticulum; paraesophageal; pharyngoesophageal; thyroid nodule EN Bethesda nondiagnostic fine needle aspiration biopsy oesophageal diverticulum paraesophageal pharyngoesophageal thyroid nodule 72 76 5 12/13/22 20230101 NES 230101 The authors highlight the important contribution of rapid on-site evaluation by the cytopathologist of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum in a mass initially interpreted clinically as thyroidal in origin. [Extracted from the article]