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1. Silicon Pore Optics

Author

Barrière, Nicolas M., Bavdaz, Marcos, Collon, Maximilien J., Ferreira, Ivo, Girou, David, Landgraf, Boris, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Bambi, Cosimo, editor, and Santangelo, Andrea, editor

Published
2024
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2. Silicon Pore Optics

Author

Barrière, Nicolas M., Bavdaz, Marcos, Collon, Maximilien J., Ferreira, Ivo, Girou, David, Landgraf, Boris, and Vacanti, Giuseppe

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) uses commercially available monocrystalline double-sided super-polished silicon wafers as a basis to produce mirrors that form lightweight high-resolution X-ray optics. The technology has been invented by cosine Measurement Systems and the European Space Agency (ESA) and developed together with scientific and industrial partners to mass production levels. It leverages techniques and processes developed over decades by the semiconductor industry to handle, process, and clean silicon wafers and plates. SPO is an enabling technology for large space-borne X-ray telescopes such as Athena and ARCUS, operating in the 0.2 to 12 keV band, with angular resolution aiming for 5 arc seconds. SPO has also shown to be a versatile technology that can be further developed for gamma-ray optics, medical applications and for material research., Comment: 37 pages, 41 figures, invited contribution to Section 2 of the Handbook for X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics, "Optics for X-ray Astrophysics", section editors: Jessica Gaskin, Daniele Spiga, and Rene Hudec

Published
2022
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3. Silicon Pore Optics

Author

Barrière, Nicolas M., primary, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Girou, David, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, and Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2022
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4. Voyage through the hidden physics of the cosmic web

Author

Simionescu, Aurora, Ettori, Stefano, Werner, Norbert, Nagai, Daisuke, Vazza, Franco, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Pinto, Ciro, de Plaa, Jelle, Wijers, Nastasha, Nelson, Dylan, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Pratt, Gabriel W., Spiga, Daniele, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Lau, Erwin, Rossetti, Mariachiara, Gastaldello, Fabio, Biffi, Veronica, Bulbul, Esra, Collon, Maximilien J., Herder, Jan-Willem den, Eckert, Dominique, Fraternali, Filippo, Mingo, Beatriz, Pareschi, Giovanni, Pezzulli, Gabriele, Reiprich, Thomas H., Schaye, Joop, Walker, Stephen A., and Werk, Jessica

Published
2021
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6. Data handling for the production of the NewAthena optics

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Abalo, Luis, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, de Borst, Donny, Castiglione, Luigi, Chatbi, Abdelhakim, Collon, Maximilien J., Crama, Loes, Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Harpur, James, Hauser, Enrico, den Hollander, Jasper, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Körnig, Christian, Landgraf, Boris, Lassise, Adam, Obwaller, Sebastian, Okma, Ben, da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, Rizos, Chris, Thete, Aniket, Vervest, Mark, Visser, Roel, and Voruz, Luc

Published
2024
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7. Preparing for NewATHENA flight production: recent developments in upscaling SPO plate manufacturing technology

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Haneveld, Jeroen, Schurink, Bart, Blom, Marko, Bosman, Mathijs, van Dam, Bastiaan, Koelewijn, Arenda, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Start, Ronald, Wijnperle, Maurice, Collon, Maximilien J., Günther, Ramses, Keek, Laurens, Landgraf, Boris, Lassise, Adam, da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ferreira, Ivo, and Wille, Eric

Published
2024
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9. MINERVA, a new x-ray facility at the ALBA Synchrotron devoted to assemble and characterize the Silicon Pore Optics Mirror Modules for the NewATHENA mission

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Heinis, Dominique, Carballedo, Antonio, Van Eeckhout, Albert, Sánchez Hidalgo, Marc, Valls Vidal, Núria, Sánchez, Alejandro, Nicolàs, Josep, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Abalo, Luis, Skroblin, Dieter, Cibik, Levent, Krumrey, Michael, and Bavdaz, Marcos

Published
2024
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10. Testing silicon pore optics for NewATHENA at PANTER

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Burwitz, Vadim, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ferreira, Ivo, Hartner, Gisela, Langmeier, Andreas, Müller, Thomas, Rukdee, Surangkhana, and Schmidt, Thomas

Published
2024
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11. The BEaTriX x-ray facility at work: activities and future development

Author

Salmaso, Bianca, primary, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Sisana, Davide, additional, Ghigo, Mauro, additional, Vecchi, Gabriele, additional, Sironi, Giorgia, additional, Cotroneo, Vincenzo, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, additional, Ferrari, Claudio, additional, Parodi, Giancarlo, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, and Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional

Published
2023
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12. Characterising x-ray optics at PANTER for the NewATHENA mission and x-ray optic test facilities

Author

Burwitz, Vadim, primary, Hartner, Gisela, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Rukdee, Surangkhana, additional, Schmidt, Thomas, additional, Langmeier, Andreas, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, and Sironi, Giorgia, additional

Published
2023
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13. High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics

Author

Landgraf, Boris, primary, Abalo, Luis, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, de Borst, Donny, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Crama, Loes, additional, Chatbi, Abdelhakim, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David A., additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, van der Hoeven, Roy, additional, den Hollander, Jasper, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Lassise, Adam, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Körnig, Christian, additional, Obwaller, Sebastian, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, additional, Rizos, Chris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Visser, Roel, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Bosman, Mathijs, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, Wijnperlé, Maurice, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Cibik, Levent, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Christensen, Finn Erland, additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Paredes Sanz, Diego, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Dunnell, Ethan, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Rees, Andrew, additional, and Watley, Dan, additional

Published
2023
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14. Characterization of carbon thin films as an overcoating candidate material for the optics of NewATHENA

Author

Paredes Sanz, Diego, primary, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Gellert, Nis Christian, additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Lindquist Henriksen, Peter, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, and Christensen, Finn Erland, additional

Published
2023
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15. NewATHENA optics technology

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Girou, David, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn Erland, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Dunnell, Ethan, additional, Riede, Mirko, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Pasanen, Mikko, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, Niewrzella, Norman, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2023
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16. MINERVA installation status, an X-ray facility for the characterization of the ATHENA mirror modules at the ALBA synchrotron

Author

Heinis, Dominique, primary, Carballedo, Antonio, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Cuni, Guifré, additional, Valls Vidal, Núria, additional, Sánchez, Alejandro, additional, Casas, Joan, additional, Nicolàs, Josep, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2023
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17. Update on the ongoing ATHENA optic testing at PANTER

Author

Burwitz, Vadim, primary, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Barrière, Nicolas, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Tipper, Emily, additional, Eder, Josef, additional, Breunig, Elias, additional, Hartner, Gisela, additional, Langmeier, Andreas, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Rukdee, Surangkhana, additional, and Schmidt, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
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18. The development of the mirror for the Athena X-ray mission

Author

Collon, Maximilien J., primary, Abalo, Luis, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, van der Hoeven, Roy, additional, den Hollander, Jasper, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Lassise, Adam, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, additional, Rizos, Chris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Visser, Roel, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperle, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Burwitz, Vadiim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, della Monica Ferreira, Desirée, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Mundon, William, additional, and Phillips, Gavin, additional

Published
2023
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19. Status of the demonstration of the critical technologies of the ATHENA telescope

Author

Ferreira, Ivo, primary, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2023
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20. High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, Landgraf, Boris, Abalo, Luis, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Borst, Donny de, Castiglione, Luigi, Collon, Maximilien J., Crama, Loes, Chatbi, Abdelhakim, Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Hoeven, Roy van der, Hollander, Jasper den, Jenkins, Yvette, Lassise, Adam, Keek, Laurens, Körnig, Christian, Obwaller, Sebastian, Okma, Ben, Ribeiro, Paulo da Silva, Rizos, Chris, Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Visser, Roel, Voruz, Luc, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Bosman, Mathijs, Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Wijnperle, Maurice, Baren, Coen van, Cibik, Levent, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Christensen, Finn E., Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica, Massahi, Sonny, Sanz, Diego P., Svendsen, Sara, Dunnell, Ethan, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Rees, Andrew, Watley, Dan, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, Landgraf, Boris, Abalo, Luis, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Borst, Donny de, Castiglione, Luigi, Collon, Maximilien J., Crama, Loes, Chatbi, Abdelhakim, Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Hoeven, Roy van der, Hollander, Jasper den, Jenkins, Yvette, Lassise, Adam, Keek, Laurens, Körnig, Christian, Obwaller, Sebastian, Okma, Ben, Ribeiro, Paulo da Silva, Rizos, Chris, Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Visser, Roel, Voruz, Luc, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Bosman, Mathijs, Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Wijnperle, Maurice, Baren, Coen van, Cibik, Levent, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Christensen, Finn E., Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica, Massahi, Sonny, Sanz, Diego P., Svendsen, Sara, Dunnell, Ethan, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Rees, Andrew, and Watley, Dan

Abstract

Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) have been invented and developed to enable x-ray optics for space applications that require a combination of high angular resolution while being light-weight to allow achieving a large mirror surface area. In 2005, the SPO technology development was initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) for a flagship x-ray telescope mission and is currently being planned as a baseline for the NewATHENA mission scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its more than 2m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprises of 492 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) grazing-angle imagers, called mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of silicon, coated to increase the collective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus in 12 m distance. The mission aims to deliver an angular resolution of better than nine arc-seconds (Half-energy width) and effective area of about 1.1 m2 at an energy of 1 keV. We present in this paper the status of the optics production and illustrate not only recent x-ray results but also the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of SPO based optics.

Published
2023

21. Status of the demonstration of the critical technologies of the ATHENA telescope

Author

Minoglou, Kyriaki, Karafolas, Nikos, Cugny, Bruno, Ferreira, Ivo, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ayre, Mark, Wille, Eric, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Salmaso, Bianca, Basso, Stefano, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, Willingale, Richard, Minoglou, Kyriaki, Karafolas, Nikos, Cugny, Bruno, Ferreira, Ivo, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ayre, Mark, Wille, Eric, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Salmaso, Bianca, Basso, Stefano, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) mission is the current 2nd 'Large' mission (L2) in the ESA Cosmic Vision programme currently. It is currently at Phase B1 but the mission concept will now enter a reformulation phase that will follow a design-to-cost approach. This paper describes the main technologies behind its reference X-ray telescope based on the modular Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology. The large X-ray mirror is the mission enabler being specifically developed for ATHENA, in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. All aspects of the optics are being addressed, from the mirror plates and their coatings to the mirror modules and their assembly into the ATHENA telescope, as well as the facilities required to build and test the flight optics, demonstrating performance, robustness, and programmatic compliance. An overview of the status of the design and demonstration of the telescope is given. The risks that have successfully been mitigated are made explicit and the remaining risks are identified.

Published
2023

22. NewATHENA optics technology

Author

Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Girou, David, Olde Riekering, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Schurink, Bart, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Basso, Stefano, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Dunnell, Ethan, Riede, Mirko, Korhonen, Tapio, Pasanen, Mikko, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, Niewrzella, Norman, Willingale, Richard, Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Girou, David, Olde Riekering, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Schurink, Bart, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Basso, Stefano, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Dunnell, Ethan, Riede, Mirko, Korhonen, Tapio, Pasanen, Mikko, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, Niewrzella, Norman, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The re-formulation phase of the next generation x-ray observatory ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) – now NewATHENA - is being utilized for further improvements of the optics technology. The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) remains the technology of choice, since it uniquely combines a low mass, large effective area, and good angular resolution, addressing the challenge of the NewATHENA X-ray optics. The performance and preparation for the cost-effective implementation of the flight optics is being further evolved in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. The SPO technology greatly benefits from investments in the semiconductor industry and maximizes technology spin-in. Dedicated facilities have been and are being created to produce the required mirror plates, assemble them into stacks and mirror modules, integrate them into the complete telescope and measure the performance and compatibility with the NewATHENA technical and programmatic requirements. An overview of the activities preparing the implementation of the NewATHENA optics is provided.

Published
2023

23. The development of the mirror for the Athena x-ray mission

Author

Minoglou, Kyriaki, Karafolas, Nikos, Cugny, Bruno, Collon, Maximilien J., Abalo, Luis, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Castiglione, Luigi, Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Van Der Hoeven, Roy, Den Hollander, Jasper, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Landgraf, Boris, Lassise, Adam, Okma, Ben, Da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, Rizzos, Chris, Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Visser, Roel, Voruz, Luc, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Wijnperle, Maurice, Lankwarden, Jan Joost, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Krumrey, Michael, Den Herder, Jan Willem, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Massahi, Sonny, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn E., Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Minoglou, Kyriaki, Karafolas, Nikos, Cugny, Bruno, Collon, Maximilien J., Abalo, Luis, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Castiglione, Luigi, Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Van Der Hoeven, Roy, Den Hollander, Jasper, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Landgraf, Boris, Lassise, Adam, Okma, Ben, Da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, Rizzos, Chris, Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Visser, Roel, Voruz, Luc, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Wijnperle, Maurice, Lankwarden, Jan Joost, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Krumrey, Michael, Den Herder, Jan Willem, Skroblin, Dieter, Burwitz, Vadim, Massahi, Sonny, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn E., Mundon, William, and Phillips, Gavin

Abstract

Athena is the European Space Agency’s next flagship telescope, scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its 2.5 m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprise more than 600 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of grazing incidence primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of silicon, coated to increase the effective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus 12 m away. The mission aims to deliver a half-energy width of 5" and an effective area of about 1.4 m2 at 1 keV. We present the status of the optics technology, and illustrate recent X-ray results and the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of the optics.

Published
2023

24. Coating process parameter influence on thin films for the ATHENA x-ray optics

Author

Massahi, Sonny, primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, 'S Jegers, Arne, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Schönberger, Waldemar, additional, Langer, Axel, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, and Handick, Evelyn, additional

Published
2022
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25. ATHENA optics technology development

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark R., additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Millinger, Mark, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Moretti, Alberto, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Lupton, Paul, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, De Lorenzi, Simone, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2022
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26. Characterisation of iridium and low-density bilayer coatings for the Athena optics

Author

Svendsen, Sara, primary, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, 'S Jegers, Arne, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Skroblin, Dieter, additional, Cibik, Levent, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2022
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27. X-ray testing ATHENA optics at PANTER

Author

Burwitz, Vadim, primary, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Ayre, Mark R., additional, Tipper, Emily, additional, Eder, Josef, additional, Breunig, Elias, additional, Hartner, Gisela, additional, Langmeier, Andreas, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Rukdee, Surangkhana, additional, and Schmidt, Thomas, additional

Published
2022
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28. The development of the mirror for the Athena X-ray mission

Author

Collon, Maximilien J., primary, Abalo, Luis, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, van der Hoeven, Roy, additional, den Hollander, Jasper, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, da Silva Ribeiro, Paulo, additional, Rizzos, Chris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Visser, Roel, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Olde Riekerink, Mark, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperle, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Mundon, William, additional, and Phillips, Gavin, additional

Published
2022
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29. ATHENA optics technology development

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, De Lorenzi, Simone, Willingale, Richard, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Olde Riekerink, Mark, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Della Monica Ferreira, Desiree, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Pareschi, Giovanni, Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Lupton, Paul, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Colldelram, Carles, Tordi, Massimiliano, De Lorenzi, Simone, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The next generation x-ray observatory ATHENA (advanced telescope for high energy astrophysics) requires an optics with unprecedented performance. It is the combination of low mass, large effective area and good angular resolution that is the challenge of the x-ray optics of such a mission. ATHENA is the second large class mission in the science programme of ESA, and is currently in a reformulation process, following a design-to-cost approach to meet the cost limit of an ESA L-class mission. The silicon pore optics (SPO) is the mission enabler being specifically developed for ATHENA, in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. All aspects of the optics are being addressed, from the mirror plates and their coatings, over the mirror modules and their assembly into the ATHENA telescope, to the facilities required to build and test the flight optics, demonstrating performance, robustness, and programmatic compliance. The SPO technology is currently being matured to the level required for the adoption of the ATHENA mission, i.e., the start of the mission implementation phase. The monocrystalline silicon material and pore structure of the SPO provide these optics with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Benefiting from technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry, the equipment, processes, and materials used to produce the SPO are highly sophisticated and optimised.

Published
2022

31. Characterising x-ray optics at PANTER for the NewATHENA mission and x-ray optic test facilities

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Spiga, Daniele, Burwitz, Vadim, Hartner, Gisela, Müller, Thomas, Rukdee, Surangkhana, Schmidt, Thomas, Langmeier, Andreas, Bavdaz, Marcos, Ferreira, Ivo, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Salmaso, Bianca, Moretti, Alberto, Spiga, Daniele, and Sironi, Giorgia

Published
2023
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33. Assembly of confocal silicon pore optics mirror modules

Author

Barrière, Nicolas M., primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Mendoza Serano, Gregorio, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco W., additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, and Burwitz, Vadim, additional

Published
2021
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34. SPO mirror plate production and coating

Author

Landgraf, Boris, primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Serano, Gregorio M., additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco W., additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperlé, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Chequer, Ian, additional, and Ball, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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35. Silicon pore optics x-ray mirror development for the Athena telescope

Author

Collon, Maximilien J., primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Mendoza Serrano, Gregorio, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco W., additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperlé, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Philips, Gavin, additional, and Ball, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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37. Environmental testing of the Athena telescope mirror modules

Author

Girou, David, primary, van Baren, Coen, additional, te Kloeze, Ivar, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Gunther, Ramses, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Beijersbergen, Marco W., additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Campoli, Gianni, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Marioni, Fabio, additional, and Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2021
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38. ATHENA x-ray optics development and accommodation

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Millinger, Mark, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Torti, Massimiliano, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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39. Compatibility of iridium thin films with the silicon pore optics technology for Athena

Author

Svendsen, Sara, primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Henriksen, Peter L., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2021
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40. Impact of annealing on performance of X-ray mirror coatings for Athena

Author

Henriksen, Peter L., primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Cibik, Levent, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Gollwitzer, Christian, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2021
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41. The effect of deposition process parameters on thin film coatings for the Athena X-ray optics

Author

Massahi, Sonny, primary, Ferreira, Desiree D. M., additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Gellert, Nis C., additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Henriksen, Peter L., additional, Jegers, Arne S., additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Girou, David, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Schönberger, Waldemar, additional, and Langer, Axel, additional

Published
2021
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42. Effect of particulate contamination on a silicon pore optic

Author

Bradshaw, Miranda, primary, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Hartner, Gisela, additional, Langmeier, Andreas, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Rukdee, Surangkhana, additional, Schmidt, Thomas, additional, Girou, David, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, and Ferreira, Ivo, additional

Published
2021
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43. X-ray facility for the characterization of the Athena mirror modules at the ALBA synchrotron

Author

Heinis, Dominique, primary, Carballedo, Antonio, additional, Colldelram, Carles, additional, Cuní, Guifré, additional, Valls Vidal, Núria, additional, Matilla, Óscar, additional, Marcos, Jordi, additional, Sánchez, Alejandro, additional, Casas, Joan, additional, Nicolàs, Josep, additional, Barrière, Nicolas, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Müller, Peter, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, and Bavdaz, Marcos, additional

Published
2021
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44. The Athena x-ray optics development and accommodation

Author

Bavdaz, Marcos, primary, Wille, Eric, additional, Ayre, Mark, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Millinger, Mark, additional, Collon, Maximilien J., additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Barrière, M., additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Riekerink, Mark O., additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara, additional, Christensen, Finn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda J., additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Schneider, Jakob, additional, Korhonen, Tapio, additional, Sanchez, Alejandro, additional, Heinis, Dominique, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, and Willingale, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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46. X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope

Author

Collon, Maximilien J., primary, Babic, Ljubiša, additional, Barrière, Nicolas M., additional, Bayerle, Alex, additional, Castiglione, Luigi, additional, Eenkhoorn, Noë, additional, Girou, David, additional, Günther, Ramses, additional, Hauser, Enrico, additional, Jenkins, Yvette, additional, Landgraf, Boris, additional, Keek, Laurens, additional, Okma, Ben, additional, Mendoza Serano, Gregorio, additional, Thete, Aniket, additional, Vacanti, Giuseppe, additional, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, additional, Vervest, Mark, additional, Voruz, Luc, additional, Beijersbergen, Marco, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Ferreira, Ivo, additional, Fransen, Sebastiaan, additional, Shortt, Brian, additional, Riekerink, Mark Olde, additional, Haneveld, Jeroen, additional, Koelewijn, Arenda, additional, Wijnperle, Maurice, additional, Lankwarden, Jan-Joost, additional, Schurink, Bart, additional, Start, Ronald, additional, van Baren, Coen, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, den Herder, Jan Willem, additional, Handick, Evelyn, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Bradshaw, Miranda, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Massahi, Sonny, additional, Svendsen, Sara B., additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Christensen, Finn E., additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Kailla, Geeta, additional, Mundon, William, additional, Phillips, Gavin, additional, Chequer, Ian, additional, and Ball, Kevin, additional

Published
2021
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47. Design and modeling of a Laue lens for radiation therapy with hard x-ray photons

Author

Girou, David (author), Ford, Eric (author), Wade, Colin (author), van Aarle, C. (author), Uliyanov, Alexei (author), Hanlon, Lorraine (author), Tomsick, John A. (author), Zoglauer, Andreas (author), Collon, Maximilien J. (author), Girou, David (author), Ford, Eric (author), Wade, Colin (author), van Aarle, C. (author), Uliyanov, Alexei (author), Hanlon, Lorraine (author), Tomsick, John A. (author), Zoglauer, Andreas (author), and Collon, Maximilien J. (author)

Abstract

We have designed and modeled a novel optical system composed of a Laue lens coupled to an x-ray tube that produces a focused beam in an energy range near 100 keV (? = 12.4 picometer). One application of this system is radiation therapy where it could enable treatment units that are considerably simpler and lower in cost than present technologies relying on linear accelerators. The Laue lens is made of Silicon Laue components which exploit the silicon pore optics technology. The lens concentrates photons to a small region thus allowing high dose rates at the focal area with very much lower dose rates at the skin and superficial regions. Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 indicate a dose deposition rate of 0.2 Gy min-1 in a cylindrical volume of 0.7 mm diameter and 10 mm length, and a dose ratio of 72 at the surface (skin) compared to the focus placed 10 cm within a water phantom. Work is ongoing to newer generation crystal technologies to increase dose rate., RST/Luminescence Materials

Published
2021
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48. The Athena x-ray optics development and accommodation

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Bradshaw, Miranda, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Kailla, Geeta, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Tordi, Massimiliano, Willingale, Richard, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ayre, Mark, Ferreira, Ivo, Shortt, Brian, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Millinger, Mark, Collon, Maximilien J., Vacanti, Giuseppe, Barrière, Nicolas M., Landgraf, Boris, Riekerink, Mark Olde, Haneveld, Jeroen, Start, Ronald, van Baren, Coen, Monica Ferreira, Desiree Della, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Christensen, Finn, Krumrey, Michael, Handick, Evelyn, Burwitz, Vadim, Bradshaw, Miranda, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Vernani, Dervis, Kailla, Geeta, Mundon, William, Phillips, Gavin, Schneider, Jakob, Korhonen, Tapio, Sanchez, Alejandro, Heinis, Dominique, Tordi, Massimiliano, and Willingale, Richard

Abstract

The ATHENA mission, under study and preparation by ESA as its second Large-class science mission, requires the largest X-ray optics ever flown, building on a novel optics technology based on mono crystalline silicon. Referred to as Silicon Pore Optics technology (SPO), the optics is highly modular and benefits from technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry. The telescope aperture of about 2.5 meters is populated by 600 mirror modules, accurately co -aligned to produce a common focus. The development of the SPO technology is a joint effort by European industrial and research entities, working together to address the challenges to demonstrate the imaging performance, robustness and efficient series production of the ATHENA optics. A technology development plan was established and is being regularly updated to reflect the latest developments, and is fully funded by the ESA technology development programmes. An industrial consortium was formed to ensure coherence of the individual technology development activities. The SPO technology uses precision machined mirror plates produced using thelatest generation top quality 12 inch silicon wafers, which are assembled into rugged stacks. The surfaces of the mirror plates and the integral support structure is such, that no glue is required to join the individual mirror plates. Once accurately aligned with respect to each other, the surfaces of the mirror plates merge in a physical bonding process. The resultant SPO mirror modules are therefore very accurate and stable and can sustain the harsh conditions encountered during launch and are able to tolerate the space environment expected during operations. The accommodation of the ATHENA telescope is also innovative, relying on a hexapod mechanismto align the optics to the selected detector instruments located in the focal plane. Systemstudies are complemented by dedicated technology development activities to demonstrate the capabilities before the adoption of the ATHE

Published
2021

49. SPO mirror plate production and coating

Author

O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Landgraf, Boris, Babić, Ljubiša, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Castiglione, Luigi, Collon, Maximilien J., Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Okma, Ben, Serano, Gregorio M., Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Voruz, Luc, Beijersbergen, Marco W., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Shortt, Brian, Riekerink, Mark O., Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Wijnperlé, Maurice, Lankwarden, Jan Joost, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Hieltjes, Paul, Den Herder, Jan Willem, Handick, Evelyn, Krumrey, Michael, Bradshaw, Miranda, Burwitz, Vadim, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica, Christensen, Finn E., Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Kailla, Geeta, Phillips, Gavin, Mundon, William, Chequer, Ian, Ball, Kevin, O'Dell, Stephen L., Gaskin, Jessica A., Pareschi, Giovanni, Landgraf, Boris, Babić, Ljubiša, Barrière, Nicolas M., Bayerle, Alex, Castiglione, Luigi, Collon, Maximilien J., Eenkhoorn, Noë, Girou, David, Günther, Ramses, Hauser, Enrico, Jenkins, Yvette, Keek, Laurens, Okma, Ben, Serano, Gregorio M., Thete, Aniket, Vacanti, Giuseppe, Verhoeckx, Sjoerd, Vervest, Mark, Voruz, Luc, Beijersbergen, Marco W., Bavdaz, Marcos, Wille, Eric, Ferreira, Ivo, Fransen, Sebastiaan, Shortt, Brian, Riekerink, Mark O., Haneveld, Jeroen, Koelewijn, Arenda, Wijnperlé, Maurice, Lankwarden, Jan Joost, Schurink, Bart, Start, Ronald, Van Baren, Coen, Hieltjes, Paul, Den Herder, Jan Willem, Handick, Evelyn, Krumrey, Michael, Bradshaw, Miranda, Burwitz, Vadim, Massahi, Sonny, Svendsen, Sara, Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica, Christensen, Finn E., Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Kailla, Geeta, Phillips, Gavin, Mundon, William, Chequer, Ian, and Ball, Kevin

Abstract

The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology has been established as a new type of X-ray optics and will enable future X-ray observatories such as Athena and Arcus. SPO is being developed at cosine Research B.V. together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and academic as well as industrial partners. For Athena, about 150,000 mirror plates are required. With the technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry, mass production processes can be employed to manufacture rectangular SPO mirror plates in high quality, large quantity and at low cost. Over the last years, several aspects of the SPO mirror plates have been reviewed and undergone further developments in terms of effective area, intrinsic behavior of the mirror plates and mass production capability. The paper will provide an overview of most recent SPO plate designs, mirror plate production status and plan forward including reflective coating process as well as mass production developments.

Published
2021

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