1,311 results on '"Christodoulopoulos P"'
Search Results
2. Relayed-QKD and switched-QKD networks performance comparison considering physical layer QKD limitations
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Makris, N., Papageorgopoulos, A., Konteli, P., Tsoni, I., Christodoulopoulos, K., Kanellos, G. T., and Syvridis, D.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We experimentally evaluate the SKR generation for unoptimized QKD pairs in switched QKD and compare the performance of the switched-QKD with relayed-QKD networks to reveal they perform better for short distances and at large networks., Comment: 3 pages
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- 2023
3. Can computerized rumen mucosal colorimetry serve as an effective field test for managing subacute ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle?
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Voulgarakis, Nikolaos, Gougoulis, Dimitrios, Psalla, Dimitra, Papakonstantinou, Georgios, Katsoulos, Panagiotis-Dimitrios, Katsoulis, Konstantinos, Angelidou-Tsifida, Mariana, Athanasiou, Labrini, Papatsiros, Vasilleios, and Christodoulopoulos, Georgios
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- 2024
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4. Feedback-Based Channel Frequency Optimization in Superchannels
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Locatelli, Fabiano, Christodoulopoulos, Konstantinos, Delezoide, Camille, Fàbrega, Josep M., Moreolo, Michela Svaluto, Nadal, Laia, Mahajan, Ankush, and Spadaro, Salvatore
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Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
Superchannels leverage the flexibility of elastic optical networks and pave the way to higher capacity channels in space division multiplexing (SDM) networks. A superchannel consists of subchannels to which continuous spectral grid slots are assigned. To guarantee superchannel operation, we need to account for soft failures, e.g., laser drifts causing interference between subchannels, wavelength-dependent performance variations, and filter misalignments affecting the edge subchannels. This is achieved by reserving spectral guardband between subchannels or by employing a lower modulation format. We propose a process that dynamically retunes the subchannel transmitter (TX) lasers to compensate for soft failures during operation and optimizes the total capacity or the minimum subchannel quality of transmission (QoT) performance. We use an iterative stochastic subgradient method that at each iteration probes the network and leverages monitoring information, particularly subchannels signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, to optimize the TX frequencies. Our results indicate that our proposed method always approaches the optima found with an exhaustive search technique, unsuitable for operating networks, irrespective of the subchannel number, modulation format, roll-off factor, filters bandwidth, and starting frequencies. Considering a four-subchannel superchannel, the proposed method achieves 2.47 dB and 3.73 dB improvements for a typical soft failure of +/- 2 GHz subchannel frequency drifts around the optimum, for the two examined objectives.
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- 2023
5. WebIE: Faithful and Robust Information Extraction on the Web
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Whitehouse, Chenxi, Vania, Clara, Aji, Alham Fikri, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Pierleoni, Andrea
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Extracting structured and grounded fact triples from raw text is a fundamental task in Information Extraction (IE). Existing IE datasets are typically collected from Wikipedia articles, using hyperlinks to link entities to the Wikidata knowledge base. However, models trained only on Wikipedia have limitations when applied to web domains, which often contain noisy text or text that does not have any factual information. We present WebIE, the first large-scale, entity-linked closed IE dataset consisting of 1.6M sentences automatically collected from the English Common Crawl corpus. WebIE also includes negative examples, i.e. sentences without fact triples, to better reflect the data on the web. We annotate ~21K triples from WebIE through crowdsourcing and introduce mWebIE, a translation of the annotated set in four other languages: French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Hindi. We evaluate the in-domain, out-of-domain, and zero-shot cross-lingual performance of generative IE models and find models trained on WebIE show better generalisability. We also propose three training strategies that use entity linking as an auxiliary task. Our experiments show that adding Entity-Linking objectives improves the faithfulness of our generative IE models., Comment: ACL 2023 Main Conference
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- 2023
6. Exploring Serum Copeptin and Hematological Profile: A Comparative Analysis after Intradermal versus Intramuscular Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccination in Piglets
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Georgios Maragkakis, Eleni G. Katsogiannou, Georgios I. Papakonstantinou, Laskarina-Maria Korou, Serafeim C. Chaintoutis, Panagiotis Konstantopoulos, Despoina N. Perrea, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Labrini V. Athanasiou, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
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blood cell counts ,copeptin ,intradermal ,serum ,pig ,PRRSV ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of intradermal (ID) and intramuscular (IM) vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-modified live vaccine (MLV) in piglets on serum copeptin levels and hematological profile. This study included 104 suckling piglets (2 weeks of age) from a commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm suffering from positive unstable PRRSV status. Animals were assigned to four groups, with two replicates (13 piglets/group/replicate); group A: IM vaccination with a PRRSV MLV vaccine, group B: ID vaccination with the same vaccine, group C: ID of Diluvac Forte, and group D: IM of Diluvac Forte. Blood samples were collected from the same three pigs/group/replicate at 4, 7, and 10 weeks of age. Blood samples were used for the performance of the complete blood count, and they were also examined by PCR for PRRSV and by ELISA for copeptin. No significant differences in serum copeptin levels and the number of blood cell counts (packed cell volume—PCV, numbers of white blood cells—WBCs, and platelets number—PLTs) were noticed in the same group over time and among groups. In conclusion, it seems that the vaccination against PRRSV does not affect the levels of the released copeptin. Based on our results, the measurement of serum copeptin could not be proposed as a potential stress biomarker in pigs.
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- 2024
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7. State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: A taxonomy and review
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Hupkes, Dieuwke, Giulianelli, Mario, Dankers, Verna, Artetxe, Mikel, Elazar, Yanai, Pimentel, Tiago, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, Lasri, Karim, Saphra, Naomi, Sinclair, Arabella, Ulmer, Dennis, Schottmann, Florian, Batsuren, Khuyagbaatar, Sun, Kaiser, Sinha, Koustuv, Khalatbari, Leila, Ryskina, Maria, Frieske, Rita, Cotterell, Ryan, and Jin, Zhijing
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
The ability to generalise well is one of the primary desiderata of natural language processing (NLP). Yet, what 'good generalisation' entails and how it should be evaluated is not well understood, nor are there any evaluation standards for generalisation. In this paper, we lay the groundwork to address both of these issues. We present a taxonomy for characterising and understanding generalisation research in NLP. Our taxonomy is based on an extensive literature review of generalisation research, and contains five axes along which studies can differ: their main motivation, the type of generalisation they investigate, the type of data shift they consider, the source of this data shift, and the locus of the shift within the modelling pipeline. We use our taxonomy to classify over 400 papers that test generalisation, for a total of more than 600 individual experiments. Considering the results of this review, we present an in-depth analysis that maps out the current state of generalisation research in NLP, and we make recommendations for which areas might deserve attention in the future. Along with this paper, we release a webpage where the results of our review can be dynamically explored, and which we intend to update as new NLP generalisation studies are published. With this work, we aim to take steps towards making state-of-the-art generalisation testing the new status quo in NLP., Comment: This preprint was published as an Analysis article in Nature Machine Intelligence. Please refer to the published version when citing this work. 28 pages of content + 6 pages of appendix + 52 pages of references
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- 2022
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8. ReFinED: An Efficient Zero-shot-capable Approach to End-to-End Entity Linking
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Ayoola, Tom, Tyagi, Shubhi, Fisher, Joseph, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Pierleoni, Andrea
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
We introduce ReFinED, an efficient end-to-end entity linking model which uses fine-grained entity types and entity descriptions to perform linking. The model performs mention detection, fine-grained entity typing, and entity disambiguation for all mentions within a document in a single forward pass, making it more than 60 times faster than competitive existing approaches. ReFinED also surpasses state-of-the-art performance on standard entity linking datasets by an average of 3.7 F1. The model is capable of generalising to large-scale knowledge bases such as Wikidata (which has 15 times more entities than Wikipedia) and of zero-shot entity linking. The combination of speed, accuracy and scale makes ReFinED an effective and cost-efficient system for extracting entities from web-scale datasets, for which the model has been successfully deployed. Our code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/alexa/ReFinED, Comment: Accepted at NAACL Industry Track 2022
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- 2022
9. A taxonomy and review of generalization research in NLP
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Hupkes, Dieuwke, Giulianelli, Mario, Dankers, Verna, Artetxe, Mikel, Elazar, Yanai, Pimentel, Tiago, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, Lasri, Karim, Saphra, Naomi, Sinclair, Arabella, Ulmer, Dennis, Schottmann, Florian, Batsuren, Khuyagbaatar, Sun, Kaiser, Sinha, Koustuv, Khalatbari, Leila, Ryskina, Maria, Frieske, Rita, Cotterell, Ryan, and Jin, Zhijing
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- 2023
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10. Robust Information Retrieval for False Claims with Distracting Entities In Fact Extraction and Verification
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Dong, Mingwen, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, Shih, Sheng-Min, and Ma, Xiaofei
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Computer Science - Information Retrieval ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Accurate evidence retrieval is essential for automated fact checking. Little previous research has focused on the differences between true and false claims and how they affect evidence retrieval. This paper shows that, compared with true claims, false claims more frequently contain irrelevant entities which can distract evidence retrieval model. A BERT-based retrieval model made more mistakes in retrieving refuting evidence for false claims than supporting evidence for true claims. When tested with adversarial false claims (synthetically generated) containing irrelevant entities, the recall of the retrieval model is significantly lower than that for original claims. These results suggest that the vanilla BERT-based retrieval model is not robust to irrelevant entities in the false claims. By augmenting the training data with synthetic false claims containing irrelevant entities, the trained model achieved higher evidence recall, including that of false claims with irrelevant entities. In addition, using separate models to retrieve refuting and supporting evidence and then aggregating them can also increase the evidence recall, including that of false claims with irrelevant entities. These results suggest that we can increase the BERT-based retrieval model's robustness to false claims with irrelevant entities via data augmentation and model ensemble.
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- 2021
11. A Scalable Factory Backbone for Multiple Independent Time-Sensitive Networks
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Lautenschlaeger, Wolfram, Frick, Florian, Christodoulopoulos, Konstantinos, and Henke, Torben
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Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
Convergence of time-sensitive machine control networks as part of the operational technology (OT) with the ubiquitous information technology (IT) networks is an essential requirement for the ongoing digitalization of production. In this paper, we review the fundamental differences between both technologies, the challenges to be solved, existing and upcoming solutions like TSN and their limitations. Furthermore, we introduce an Ethernet extension for a backbone network at factory scale and line rates of 10 - 100Gbit/s. The backbone is intended to carry massive amounts of IT traffic together with the traffic of multiple independent OT networks at the precision of leading-edge field bus technologies in the sub-microsecond range. The backbone remains transparent and does not require changes to the attached OT sub-networks. We prove our claims by prototype measurements, interoperability tests and field trials.
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- 2021
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12. FEVEROUS: Fact Extraction and VERification Over Unstructured and Structured information
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Aly, Rami, Guo, Zhijiang, Schlichtkrull, Michael, Thorne, James, Vlachos, Andreas, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, Cocarascu, Oana, and Mittal, Arpit
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Fact verification has attracted a lot of attention in the machine learning and natural language processing communities, as it is one of the key methods for detecting misinformation. Existing large-scale benchmarks for this task have focused mostly on textual sources, i.e. unstructured information, and thus ignored the wealth of information available in structured formats, such as tables. In this paper we introduce a novel dataset and benchmark, Fact Extraction and VERification Over Unstructured and Structured information (FEVEROUS), which consists of 87,026 verified claims. Each claim is annotated with evidence in the form of sentences and/or cells from tables in Wikipedia, as well as a label indicating whether this evidence supports, refutes, or does not provide enough information to reach a verdict. Furthermore, we detail our efforts to track and minimize the biases present in the dataset and could be exploited by models, e.g. being able to predict the label without using evidence. Finally, we develop a baseline for verifying claims against text and tables which predicts both the correct evidence and verdict for 18% of the claims., Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 2021 Datasets and Benchmarks Track
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- 2021
13. Hidden Biases in Unreliable News Detection Datasets
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Zhou, Xiang, Elfardy, Heba, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, Butler, Thomas, and Bansal, Mohit
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Automatic unreliable news detection is a research problem with great potential impact. Recently, several papers have shown promising results on large-scale news datasets with models that only use the article itself without resorting to any fact-checking mechanism or retrieving any supporting evidence. In this work, we take a closer look at these datasets. While they all provide valuable resources for future research, we observe a number of problems that may lead to results that do not generalize in more realistic settings. Specifically, we show that selection bias during data collection leads to undesired artifacts in the datasets. In addition, while most systems train and predict at the level of individual articles, overlapping article sources in the training and evaluation data can provide a strong confounding factor that models can exploit. In the presence of this confounding factor, the models can achieve good performance by directly memorizing the site-label mapping instead of modeling the real task of unreliable news detection. We observed a significant drop (>10%) in accuracy for all models tested in a clean split with no train/test source overlap. Using the observations and experimental results, we provide practical suggestions on how to create more reliable datasets for the unreliable news detection task. We suggest future dataset creation include a simple model as a difficulty/bias probe and future model development use a clean non-overlapping site and date split., Comment: EACL 2021 (11 pages, 3 figures, 8 tables)
- Published
- 2021
14. Subacute Rumen Acidosis in Greek Dairy Sheep: Prevalence, Impact and Colorimetry Management
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Nikolaos Voulgarakis, Dimitrios A. Gougoulis, Dimitra Psalla, Georgios I. Papakonstantinou, Konstantinos Katsoulis, Mariana Angelidou-Tsifida, Labrini V. Athanasiou, Vasileios G. Papatsiros, and Georgios Christodoulopoulos
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subacute rumen acidosis ,rumen mucosa colorimetry ,dairy sheep ,milk fat depression ,epidemiology ,Greece ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a current issue in intensive livestock farming, and it is particularly associated with feeding high-concentrate diets. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of SARA in forty-two Greek dairy sheep flocks by recording rumen pH, milk composition, and milk yield over a period of nine months. Moreover, it explored the use of computerized rumen colorimetry as a management and diagnostic tool for SARA in dairy sheep. In culled ewes, computerized rumen mucosal colorimetry was applied, and rumen wall samples taken for histological examination. SARA cases were identified in 19 farms (45%, n = 42). Farms with SARA cases had lower milk fat levels, while milk yield and milk protein levels did not differ based on the SARA status of the farms. In culled ewes, rumen color was significantly associated with the flock’s SARA status, and affected ewes showed increased thickness in non-keratinized and total epithelial layers. It was concluded that computerized rumen mucosal colorimetry in aged, culled ewes shows promise as an indicator, post mortem, of SARA present in dairy sheep flocks whose impact can be minimized by making significant changes in dietary management.
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- 2024
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15. A Local-Scale, Post-Fire Assessment in a Double-Burned Area: A Case Study from Peloponnisos, Greece
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Dionisios Panagiotaras, Ioannis P. Kokkoris, Pavlos Avramidis, Dimitrios Papoulis, Dionysios Koulougliotis, Eleni Gianni, Dimitra Lekka, Dionisis C. Christodoulopoulos, Despoina Nifora, Denisa Druvari, and Alexandra Skalioti
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double-burnt forest ,ecosystem restoration ,mineralogy ,natural capital ,conservation management ,post-forest-fire assessment ,Agriculture - Abstract
In the summer of 2021, Greece experienced significant forest fires and mega-fires across multiple regions, leading to human casualties and damage to the natural environment, infrastructure, livestock, and agriculture. The current study aims to assess the ecosystem condition in terms of the natural regeneration and soil conditions of an area burnt by a forest fire (2021), specifically in the Ancient Olympia region situated in West Peloponnese (Ilia Prefecture), Greece. A standardized field sampling methodology was applied to record natural regeneration at chosen sites where a forest fire had also previously occurred (in 2007), resulting in the natural re-growth of the Pinus halepensis forest. Furthermore, an analysis was conducted on the geochemical, mineralogical, and sedimentological properties of soils obtained from this location. The findings of the research demonstrate the decline in the established natural regeneration of the Pinus halepensis forest and the overall tree layer. Species characteristic of post-fire ecological succession were observed in the shrub and herb layers, displaying varying coverage. The examination of soil mineralogy, sedimentology, and geochemistry indicated that the soil characteristics in the area are conducive to either natural or artificial regeneration. Ultimately, recommendations for landscape rehabilitation strategies are provided to inform decision-making processes, considering future climate conditions.
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- 2024
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16. The Multifaceted Effects of Non-Steroidal and Non-Opioid Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs on Platelets: Current Knowledge, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
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Alexandros Tsoupras, Despina A. Gkika, Ilias Siadimas, Ioannis Christodoulopoulos, Pavlos Efthymiopoulos, and George Z. Kyzas
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antiplatelet ,NSAIDs ,drugs ,ibuprofen ,ketoprofen ,diclofenac ,Medicine ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely utilized pharmaceuticals worldwide. Besides their recognized anti-inflammatory effects, these drugs exhibit various other pleiotropic effects in several cells, including platelets. Within this article, the multifaceted properties of NSAIDs on platelet functions, activation and viability, as well as their interaction(s) with established antiplatelet medications, by hindering several platelet agonists’ pathways and receptors, are thoroughly reviewed. The efficacy and safety of NSAIDs as adjunctive therapies for conditions involving inflammation and platelet activation are also discussed. Emphasis is given to the antiplatelet potential of commonly administered NSAIDs medications, such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen and ketoprofen, alongside non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic medications like paracetamol. This article delves into their mechanisms of action against different pathways of platelet activation, aggregation and overall platelet functions, highlighting additional health-promoting properties of these anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, without neglecting the induced by these drugs’ side-effects on platelets’ functionality and thrombocytopenia. Environmental issues emerging from the ever-increased subscription of these drugs are also discussed, along with the need for novel water treatment methodologies for their appropriate elimination from water and wastewater samples. Despite being efficiently eliminated during wastewater treatment processes on occasion, NSAIDs remain prevalent and are found at significant concentrations in water bodies that receive effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), since there is no one-size-fits-all solution for removing all contaminants from wastewater, depending on the specific characteristics of the wastewater. Several novel methods have been studied, with adsorption being proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for wastewater purification from such drugs. This article also presents limitations and future prospects regarding the observed antiplatelet effects of NSAIDs, as well as the potential of novel derivatives of these compounds, with benefits in other important platelet functions.
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- 2024
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17. Measuring Social Bias in Knowledge Graph Embeddings
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Fisher, Joseph, Palfrey, Dave, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Mittal, Arpit
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
It has recently been shown that word embeddings encode social biases, with a harmful impact on downstream tasks. However, to this point there has been no similar work done in the field of graph embeddings. We present the first study on social bias in knowledge graph embeddings, and propose a new metric suitable for measuring such bias. We conduct experiments on Wikidata and Freebase, and show that, as with word embeddings, harmful social biases related to professions are encoded in the embeddings with respect to gender, religion, ethnicity and nationality. For example, graph embeddings encode the information that men are more likely to be bankers, and women more likely to be homekeepers. As graph embeddings become increasingly utilized, we suggest that it is important the existence of such biases are understood and steps taken to mitigate their impact.
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- 2019
18. Effects of a Curcumin/Silymarin/Yeast-Based Mycotoxin Detoxifier on Redox Status and Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets under Field Conditions
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Vasileios G. Papatsiros, Georgios I. Papakonstantinou, Nikolaos Voulgarakis, Christos Eliopoulos, Christina Marouda, Eleftherios Meletis, Irene Valasi, Polychronis Kostoulas, Dimitrios Arapoglou, Insaf Riahi, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, and Dimitra Psalla
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CARBs ,curcumin ,detoxifier ,fumonisins ,mycotoxin ,pig ,Medicine - Abstract
The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the effects of a novel mycotoxin detoxifier whose formulation includes clay (bentonite and sepiolite), phytogenic feed additives (curcumin and silymarin) and postbiotics (yeast products) on the health, performance and redox status of weaned piglets under the dietary challenge of fumonisins (FUMs). The study was conducted in duplicate in the course of two independent trials on two different farms. One hundred and fifty (150) weaned piglets per trial farm were allocated into two separate groups: (a) T1 (control group): 75 weaned piglets received FUM-contaminated feed and (b) T2 (experimental group): 75 weaned piglets received FUM-contaminated feed with the mycotoxin-detoxifying agent from the day of weaning (28 days) until 70 days of age. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), protein carbonyls (CARBs) and the overall antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in plasma as indicators of redox status at 45 and 70 days of age. Furthermore, mortality and performance parameters were recorded at 28, 45 and 70 days of age, while histopathological examination was performed at the end of the trial period (day 70). The results of the present study reveal the beneficial effects of supplementing a novel mycotoxin detoxifier in the diets of weaners, including improved redox status, potential hepatoprotective properties and enhanced growth performance.
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- 2024
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19. Generating Token-Level Explanations for Natural Language Inference
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Thorne, James, Vlachos, Andreas, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Mittal, Arpit
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
The task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) is widely modeled as supervised sentence pair classification. While there has been a lot of work recently on generating explanations of the predictions of classifiers on a single piece of text, there have been no attempts to generate explanations of classifiers operating on pairs of sentences. In this paper, we show that it is possible to generate token-level explanations for NLI without the need for training data explicitly annotated for this purpose. We use a simple LSTM architecture and evaluate both LIME and Anchor explanations for this task. We compare these to a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) method that uses thresholded attention make token-level predictions. The approach we present in this paper is a novel extension of zero-shot single-sentence tagging to sentence pairs for NLI. We conduct our experiments on the well-studied SNLI dataset that was recently augmented with manually annotation of the tokens that explain the entailment relation. We find that our white-box MIL-based method, while orders of magnitude faster, does not reach the same accuracy as the black-box methods., Comment: Accepted at NAACL2019
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- 2019
20. The Fact Extraction and VERification (FEVER) Shared Task
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Thorne, James, Vlachos, Andreas, Cocarascu, Oana, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Mittal, Arpit
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
We present the results of the first Fact Extraction and VERification (FEVER) Shared Task. The task challenged participants to classify whether human-written factoid claims could be Supported or Refuted using evidence retrieved from Wikipedia. We received entries from 23 competing teams, 19 of which scored higher than the previously published baseline. The best performing system achieved a FEVER score of 64.21%. In this paper, we present the results of the shared task and a summary of the systems, highlighting commonalities and innovations among participating systems., Comment: Revised from published version in the proceedings of the FEVER workshop at EMNLP 2018
- Published
- 2018
21. Simple Large-scale Relation Extraction from Unstructured Text
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Christodoulopoulos, Christos and Mittal, Arpit
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Knowledge-based question answering relies on the availability of facts, the majority of which cannot be found in structured sources (e.g. Wikipedia info-boxes, Wikidata). One of the major components of extracting facts from unstructured text is Relation Extraction (RE). In this paper we propose a novel method for creating distant (weak) supervision labels for training a large-scale RE system. We also provide new evidence about the effectiveness of neural network approaches by decoupling the model architecture from the feature design of a state-of-the-art neural network system. Surprisingly, a much simpler classifier trained on similar features performs on par with the highly complex neural network system (at 75x reduction to the training time), suggesting that the features are a bigger contributor to the final performance., Comment: To be published in LREC 2018
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- 2018
22. FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERification
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Thorne, James, Vlachos, Andreas, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Mittal, Arpit
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
In this paper we introduce a new publicly available dataset for verification against textual sources, FEVER: Fact Extraction and VERification. It consists of 185,445 claims generated by altering sentences extracted from Wikipedia and subsequently verified without knowledge of the sentence they were derived from. The claims are classified as Supported, Refuted or NotEnoughInfo by annotators achieving 0.6841 in Fleiss $\kappa$. For the first two classes, the annotators also recorded the sentence(s) forming the necessary evidence for their judgment. To characterize the challenge of the dataset presented, we develop a pipeline approach and compare it to suitably designed oracles. The best accuracy we achieve on labeling a claim accompanied by the correct evidence is 31.87%, while if we ignore the evidence we achieve 50.91%. Thus we believe that FEVER is a challenging testbed that will help stimulate progress on claim verification against textual sources., Comment: Updated version of NAACL2018 paper. Data is released on http://fever.ai
- Published
- 2018
23. Relational Learning and Feature Extraction by Querying over Heterogeneous Information Networks
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Kordjamshidi, Parisa, Singh, Sameer, Khashabi, Daniel, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, Summons, Mark, Sinha, Saurabh, and Roth, Dan
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
Many real world systems need to operate on heterogeneous information networks that consist of numerous interacting components of different types. Examples include systems that perform data analysis on biological information networks; social networks; and information extraction systems processing unstructured data to convert raw text to knowledge graphs. Many previous works describe specialized approaches to perform specific types of analysis, mining and learning on such networks. In this work, we propose a unified framework consisting of a data model -a graph with a first order schema along with a declarative language for constructing, querying and manipulating such networks in ways that facilitate relational and structured machine learning. In particular, we provide an initial prototype for a relational and graph traversal query language where queries are directly used as relational features for structured machine learning models. Feature extraction is performed by making declarative graph traversal queries. Learning and inference models can directly operate on this relational representation and augment it with new data and knowledge that, in turn, is integrated seamlessly into the relational structure to support new predictions. We demonstrate this system's capabilities by showcasing tasks in natural language processing and computational biology domains., Comment: Seventh International Workshop on Statistical Relational AI, 2017
- Published
- 2017
24. Blood cell count and morphology, and vitamin B12 concentration in pre- and post-weaned calves
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Katsogiannou EG, Katsoulos PD, C Ziogas, Naskou MC, G Christodoulopoulos, Polizopoulou ZS, A Tzivara, and Athanasiou LV
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age ,cobalamin ,haematological variables ,macrocytes ,poikilocytosis ,weaning ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Haematological indicators may resent physiological variation by age. Vitamin B12 promotes haematopoiesis. The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the values of the haematological variables and the concentration of vitamin B12 in pre- or post-weaned veal calves and 2) to identify the possible association between the values of the haematological variables and the concentration of B12 in the blood of veal calves. Blood was collected on the same day from 31 pre-weaned and 31 weaned calves of the Limousine breed from the same farm. The complete blood count, including the blood cell morphology evaluation, was performed and the serum B12, total protein and albumin concentrations were determined. The serum concentration of vitamin B12, the haematocrit (HCT), the haemoglobin concentration (HGB), the platelet count and the lymphocyte count were significantly higher in the weaned calves. A very strong positive correlation was found between the concentration of the vitamin B12 and HCT and HGB before weaning, while these correlations were moderately positive following weaning and in the total population tested as well. The observed variation in the blood cell count and morphology, such as poikilocytosis and the presence of macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils, along with the age of the animal seem to be related to the vitamin B12 concentration.
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- 2021
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25. Transliteration in Any Language with Surrogate Languages
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Mayhew, Stephen, Christodoulopoulos, Christos, and Roth, Dan
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
We introduce a method for transliteration generation that can produce transliterations in every language. Where previous results are only as multilingual as Wikipedia, we show how to use training data from Wikipedia as surrogate training for any language. Thus, the problem becomes one of ranking Wikipedia languages in order of suitability with respect to a target language. We introduce several task-specific methods for ranking languages, and show that our approach is comparable to the oracle ceiling, and even outperforms it in some cases.
- Published
- 2016
26. Histopathological Pulmonary Lesions in 1st-Day Newborn Piglets Derived from PRRSV-1 MLV Vaccinated Sows at the Last Stage of Gestation
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Georgios I. Papakonstantinou, Dimitra Psalla, Aris Pourlis, Ioanna Stylianaki, Labrini V. Athanasiou, Eleni Tzika, Eleftherios Meletis, Polychronis Kostoulas, George Maragkakis, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Nikolaos Papaioannou, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
piglet ,MLV vaccines ,safety ,lung ,histopathological lesions ,scanning electron microscopy ,Science - Abstract
Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines for the control of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been associated with the vertical and horizontal transmission of vaccine viruses. The present study aimed to describe pathological lung lesions in piglets born by gilts vaccinated with PRRSV-1 MLV. In total, 25 gilts were vaccinated at late gestation (100th day) and were divided into five groups according to the different vaccines (Vac) used: no vaccine—control group, Vac-1—strain DV, Vac-2—strain VP-046 BIS, Vac-3—strain 94881, Vac-4—strain 96V198. Within the first 0–9 h of the farrowing, blood samples were collected from all newborn piglets and lung samples were exanimated grossly, histopathologically and with scanning electron microscopy. PRRSV (RT-PCR-positive) and antibodies were detected in the serum of piglets from gilts vaccinated with Vac-2. In these piglets, moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia with thickened alveolar septa was noticed. Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia was also observed. The rest of the trial piglets showed unremarkable lung lesions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the 98.7% similarity of the PRRSV field strain (GR 2019-1) to the PRRS MLV vaccine strain VP-046 BIS. In conclusion, the Vac-2 PRRSV vaccine strain can act as an infectious strain when vaccination is administrated at late gestation, causing lung lesions.
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- 2023
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27. Effects of a Natural Polyphenolic Product from Olive Mill Wastewater on Oxidative Stress and Post-Weaning Diarrhea in Piglets
- Author
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Georgios I. Papakonstantinou, Eleftherios Meletis, Konstantinos Petrotos, Polychronis Kostoulas, Nikolaos Tsekouras, Maria C. Kantere, Nikolaos Voulgarakis, Dimitrios Gougoulis, Leonidas Filippopoulos, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Labrini V. Athanasiou, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
piglets ,antioxidant ,polyphenol ,olive ,TBARS ,protein carbonyls ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercial phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on the prevention of post-weaning diarrhea and oxidative stress in piglets. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARBS) were investigated as biomarkers for oxidative damage, as were the health and performance parameters of weaned piglets. In total, 100 weaned piglets were divided into two groups: a control group (T1), which was fed regular weaning feed; an experimental group (T2), which was fed regular weaning feed supplemented with a phenolic feed additive (PFA) for 3 weeks. The TBARS and CARBS concentrations in plasma samples from 20 piglets per group were measured at 45 and 65 days of age. Fecal samples were collected from 24 weaned piglets per group using FTA ELUTE cards. Diarrhea score, body weight (BW) at weaning, and average daily weight gain (ADWG) were recorded. The TBARS (p < 0.001) and CARBS (p = 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher in the T1 group compared to those in the T2 group. The lowest diarrhea score was noted in the T2 group for the age groups of 45 (p < 0.001) and 65 days (p = 0.008). In conclusion, the use of a phenolic PFA in the current study had beneficial antioxidative and antimicrobial effects on weaned piglets, which improved their health and growth performance.
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
28. Machine-learning aided in situ drug sensitivity screening predicts treatment outcomes in ovarian PDX tumors
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Max J. Cotler, Khalil B. Ramadi, Xiaonan Hou, Elena Christodoulopoulos, Sebastian Ahn, Ashvin Bashyam, Huiming Ding, Melissa Larson, Ann L. Oberg, Charles Whittaker, Oliver Jonas, Scott H. Kaufmann, S. John Weroha, and Michael J. Cima
- Subjects
Drug delivery ,Ovarian cancer ,Personalized medicine ,Patient derived xenograft ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Long-term treatment outcomes for patients with high grade ovarian cancers have not changed despite innovations in therapies. There is no recommended assay for predicting patient response to second-line therapy, thus clinicians must make treatment decisions based on each individual patient. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors have been shown to predict drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer patients, but the time frame for intraperitoneal (IP) tumor generation, expansion, and drug screening is beyond that for tumor recurrence and platinum resistance to occur, thus results do not have clinical utility. We describe a drug sensitivity screening assay using a drug delivery microdevice implanted for 24 h in subcutaneous (SQ) ovarian PDX tumors to predict treatment outcomes in matched IP PDX tumors in a clinically relevant time frame. The SQ tumor response to local microdose drug exposure was found to be predictive of the growth of matched IP tumors after multi-week systemic therapy using significantly fewer animals (10 SQ vs 206 IP). Multiplexed immunofluorescence image analysis of phenotypic tumor response combined with a machine learning classifier could predict IP treatment outcomes against three second-line cytotoxic therapies with an average AUC of 0.91.
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- 2022
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29. Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridia in the Aetiology of Neonatal Piglet Diarrhoea: Important Factors for Their Prevention
- Author
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Nikolaos Tsekouras, Eleftherios Meletis, Polychronis Kostoulas, Georgia Labronikou, Zoi Athanasakopoulou, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Charalambos Billinis, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
E. coli ,ETEC ,C. difficile ,neonatal diarrhoea ,piglets ,Science - Abstract
This study aimed to research the involvement of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and C. difficile or C. perfringens type C in the aetiology of neonatal piglet diarrhoea in Greece and to identify preventive factors for them. A total of 78 pooled faecal samples were collected randomly from 234 suckling piglets (1–4 days of age) with diarrhoea from 26 pig farms (3 piglets × 3 litters × 26 farms = 234 piglets = 78 faecal pool samples). The collected samples were initially screened for the presence of E. coli and C. difficile or C. perfringens via cultivation on MacConkey and anaerobic blood agar, respectively. Subsequently, the samples were pooled on ELUTE cards. From samples tested, 69.23% of those in the farms were ETEC F4-positive, 30.77% were ETEC F5-positive, 61.54% ETEC were F6-positive, 42.31% were ETEC F4- and E. coli enterotoxin LT-positive, 19.23% were ETEC F5- and LT-positive, 42.31% were ETEC F6- and LT-positive, while LT was found in 57.69% of those in the farms. C. difficile was involved in many cases and identified as an emerging neonatal diarrhoea etiological agent. Specifically, Toxin A of C. difficile was found in 84.62% and Toxin B in 88.46% of those in the farms. Antibiotic administration to sows in combination with probiotics or acidifiers was revealed to reduce the detection of antigens of ETEC and the enterotoxin LT of E. coli.
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- 2023
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30. Deep Learning for Estimating the Fill-Level of Industrial Waste Containers of Metal Scrap: A Case Study of a Copper Tube Plant
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Kosmas Alexopoulos, Paolo Catti, Giannis Kanellopoulos, Nikolaos Nikolakis, Athanasios Blatsiotis, Konstantinos Christodoulopoulos, Apostolos Kaimenopoulos, and Efstathia Ziata
- Subjects
Industry 4.0 ,digitalization of industry ,scrap management ,convolutional neural networks ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Advanced digital solutions are increasingly introduced into manufacturing systems to make them more intelligent. Intelligent Waste Management Systems in industries allow for data collection and analysis to make better-informed decisions, monitor and manage processes remotely, and improve waste management. In many industries, scrap is collected in large waste containers located on the factory floor, usually close to its source. In most cases, monitoring of waste containers’ fill levels is either manually performed by visual inspection by the operators working in close proximity or by employing intrusive mechanical systems such as weight sensors. This work presents a computer vision system that uses Deep Learning (DL) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automated estimation of the fill level in industrial waste containers of metal scrap. The training method and parameters as well as the classification performance of VGG16 CNN that was retrained upon images collected in the field, are presented in detail. The proposed method has been validated upon an industrial case study from the copper tube production industry in which the fill level of two waste containers is estimated. A total of 9772 images were captured for the first container and 11,234 images for the second container. The VGG16 model achieved an accuracy from 77.5% to 95% on the testing dataset. The industrial case study demonstrates that the proposed computer vision system has sufficient accuracy for classifying the fill levels of metal scrap containers which allows for the development of waste management applications in industrial environments.
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- 2023
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31. Impact of Multi-Vendor Transponders Performance on Design Margin in Optical Networks
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Ankush Mahajan, Konstantinos Christodoulopoulos, Ricardo Martinez, Raul Munoz, and Salvatore Spadaro
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Design margin ,optical networks ,quality of transmission (QoT) ,transponders ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
For reliable and efficient network planning and operation, accurate estimation of Quality of Transmission (QoT) is necessary. In optical networks, a physical layer model (PLM) is typically used as a QoT estimation tool (Qtool) including a design margin to account for modeling and parameter inaccuracies, to ensure acceptable performance. Such margin also covers the performance variations of the transponders (TPs) which are relatively low in a single vendor environment. However, for disaggregated networks that utilize TPs from multiple vendors, such as partial disaggregated networks with open line system (OLS), this traditional approach limits the Qtool estimation accuracy. Although higher TP performance variations can be covered with an additional margin, this approach would reduce the efficiency and consume the benefits of disaggregation. Therefore, we propose PLM extensions that capture the performance variations of multi- vendor TPs. In particular, we propose four TP vendor dependent performance factors and we also devise a Machine Learning (ML) scheme to learn these performance factors in offline and online network planning scenarios. The proposed extended PLM and ML training scheme are evaluated through realistic simulations. Results show a design margin reduction of greater than 1 dB for new connection requests in a disaggregated network with TPs from four vendors. On top of this, the results also show a ~0.5 dB additional Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) saving for new connection requests by proper selection of the TPs.
- Published
- 2021
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32. Evaluation of Intradermal PRRSV MLV Vaccination of Suckling Piglets on Health and Performance Parameters under Field Conditions
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Georgios Maragkakis, Labrini V. Athanasiou, Serafeim C. Chaintoutis, Dimitra Psalla, Polychronis Kostoulas, Eleftherios Meletis, Georgios Papakonstantinou, Dominiek Maes, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
intradermal ,PRRSV ,MLV ,vaccine ,BW ,ADG ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes respiratory disease in weaning and growing pigs. A vaccination against PRRSV is one of the most important control measures. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of the intradermal (ID) administration of a PRRSV-1 modified live virus (MLV) vaccine in comparison to the intramuscular (IM) administration on the piglets’ health and performance. A total of 187 suckling piglets of a PRRSV-positive commercial farrow-to-finish farm were assigned to four groups: group A—PRRSV ID, group B—PRRSV IM, group C—control ID, and group D—control IM. At 2 weeks of age, all the study piglets were either vaccinated with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine or injected with the vaccine adjuvant (controls). The collected blood serum samples were tested by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The side effects, body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), mortality rate, and lung and pleurisy lesions scores (LLS, PLS) were also recorded. The ELISA results indicated that the vaccination induced an important seroconversion at 4 and 7 weeks. Significant differences in the qRT-PCR results were noticed only at 10 weeks in group A vs. group C (p < 0.01) and group B vs. group C (p < 0.05). High viral loads, as evidenced by the qRT-PCR Ct values, were noticed in animals of both non-vaccinated groups at 7, 10, and 13 weeks. An ID vaccination has a positive impact on the BW at the piglets’ slaughter, while both an ID and IM vaccination had a positive impact on the ADG. The mortality rate was lower in vaccinated groups at the finishing stage. The LLS and PLS were significantly lower in the vaccinated groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the ID vaccination of suckling piglets with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine has a positive effect on the piglets’ health and performance, including an improved BW and a lower LLS and PLS index at their slaughter, as well as a decreased mortality rate at the growing/finishing stage.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
33. Angiotensin II Blood Serum Levels in Piglets, after Intra-Dermal or Intra-Muscular Vaccination against PRRSV
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Georgios Maragkakis, Labrini V. Athanasiou, Laskarina-Maria Korou, Serafeim C. Chaintoutis, Chrysostomos Dovas, Despina N. Perrea, Georgios Papakonstantinou, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Dominiek Maes, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
pig ,porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ,intradermal ,vaccine ,Ang II ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) induces apoptosis in different organs. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system and participates in apoptosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate changes in piglet serum Ang II levels following intradermal (ID) and intramuscular (IM) vaccination with a commercial PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. The trial was conducted in a commercial pig farm, including 104 piglets which were randomly allocated to four groups: Group A—Porcilis PRRS ID, Group B—Porcilis PRRS IM, Group C—Diluvac ID and Group D—Diluvac IM. The study piglets were either vaccinated or injected at 2 weeks of age and they were tested by qRT-PCR for PRRSV and by ELISA for Ang II. The results indicated differences in viremia of tested piglets at 7 weeks of age, while piglets at 10 weeks of age were all found qRT-PCR positive for PRRSV. In addition, significant differences were noticed in Ang II in 7-week-old piglets. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that ID vaccination induces less tissue damage, based on the lower measurements of Ang II in the serum of ID vaccinated piglets.
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- 2022
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34. Cross-Sectional Survey of Antibiotic Resistance in Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Pigs in Greece
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Nikolaos Tsekouras, Zoi Athanasakopoulou, Celia Diezel, Polychronis Kostoulas, Sascha D. Braun, Marina Sofia, Stefan Monecke, Ralf Ehricht, Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos, Dominik Gary, Domenique Krähmer, Vassiliki Spyrou, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Charalambos Billinis, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
antimicrobial resistance ,pigs ,ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae ,multidrug resistance genes ,Greece ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria in swine. Thus, 214 fecal samples were collected from suckling and weaned piglets from 34 farms in Greece (out of an overall population of about 14,300 sows). A subset of 78 (36.5%) ESBL producers were identified as E. coli (69/78, 88.5%), K. pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae (3.8%), P. mirabilis (5.1%), E. cloacae complex (1.3%) and S. enterica spp. diarizonae (1.3%). Resistance to at least one class of non-β-lactam antibiotics was detected in 78 isolates. Among the E. coli strains, resistance was identified with regard to aminoglycosides (n = 31), fluoroquinolones (n = 49), tetracycline (n = 26) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 46). Of the three K. pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae, two displayed resistances to aminoglycosides and all were resistant to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. As for the four P. mirabilis isolates, three had a resistant phenotype for aminoglycosides and all were resistant to imipenem, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of CTX-M, SHV and TEM genes, as well as of genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides and colistin. High levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were demonstrated in Greek swine herds posing a concern for the efficacy of treatments at the farm level as well as for public health.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
35. Heterologous Challenge with PRRSV-1 MLV in Pregnant Vaccinated Gilts: Potential Risk on Health and Immunity of Piglets
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Georgios Papakonstantinou, Eleftherios Meletis, Georgios Christodoulopoulos, Eleni D. Tzika, Polychronis Kostoulas, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Subjects
PRRSV ,antibodies ,MLV vaccine ,safety ,piglet ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential risks of the four commercial PRRS-1 MLV vaccines in pregnant vaccinated gilts at the last stage of gestation under field conditions. The study was conducted at four pig farms, including 25 gilts from each farm (25 × 4 = 100 gilts), which were equally allocated to five different study groups. A PRRS-1 MLV vaccination was applied on the 100th day of their pregnancy with the different commercial vaccines that are available in the Greek market. The results indicated virus congenital infection and viremia in piglets (20/200 = 10% PRRSV infected piglets), and detection of PRRSV-specific antibodies (181/200 = 90.5% piglets found with PRRSV antibodies). The subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed high percentages of similarity between the PRRSV-1 strain detected in infected litters and the PRRSV-1 vaccine strain to which the study gilts had been previously exposed to. Health status analyses of trial piglets resulted in differences between litters from vaccinated sows and litters from non-vaccinated sows at 110th day of gestation as regards the number of weak-born piglets, mummies, and piglets with splay-leg and/or respiratory symptoms. The current study’s results indicate several potential dangers of the PRRS MLV vaccination in late gestation.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
36. Feedback-Based Channel Frequency Optimization in Superchannels
- Author
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Locatelli, F., Christodoulopoulos, K., Delezoide, C., Fabrega, J. M., Moreolo, M. Svaluto, Nadal, L., Mahajan, A., and Spadaro, S.
- Abstract
Making optical networks more efficient and reliable requires further automation of the optical layer. In this context, we propose a closed control loop that automatically performs fine frequency adjustments of the subchannels of superchannels to maintain optimal performance despite time-dependent impairments, thus achieving three main goals. At design, our scheme reduces the need for margins and guard-bands dedicated to spectrum-related impairments such as filter or channel detunings. This allows for a more efficient network at deployment. Then, during operation, the quality of transmission (QoT) of each subchannel is maximized to make the superchannel more resilient to any kind of soft failure, thus improving network resilience. Finally, considering the elastic network paradigm, performance improvements can be converted into significant capacity upgrades. We demonstrate the ability of our solution to achieve these three goals with split-step Fourier simulations. For a four-subchannel superchannel, we demonstrate robustness to +/- 2 GHz frequency detunings and gains of up to 3.7 dB in quality of transmission.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
37. Deterministic passive optical networking
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Christodoulopoulos, Kostas, Bidkar, Sarvesh, Lautenschlaeger, Wolfram, Pfeiffer, Thomas, and Bonk, Rene
- Abstract
A time-division-multiplexed (TDM) passive optical network (PON) that behaves like multiple point-to-point (P2P) links can support applications with stringent timing requirements while also maintaining the cost benefits of the point-to-multipoint (P2MP) topology. This requires the TDM-PON to provide deterministic performance: lossless transmission and low and constant (with low variations/jitter) latency to selected flows, while also serving other, e.g., best-effort, traffic flows. We demonstrate two approaches for providing deterministic performance over a TDM-PON. In the first approach, we operate the PON asynchronously to its clients and use scheduling that provides upstream bursts at a low and constant period. Jitter compensator gateways (JC GWs) are used to compensate for the jitter introduced by the non-matching PON bursts and the input traffic cycles. In the latter approach, we implement a deterministic dynamic bandwidth allocation (detDBA) process that controls the placement of bursts at each PON frame for selected transmission containers (T-CONTs) that correspond to flows with given traffic profiles. We synchronize and co-schedule the PON with the rest of the network and applications to provide deterministic performance to those flows. As a use case, we study the communication of industrial applications over the deterministic PON system and demonstrate latency below 100 µs and sub-µs packet latency jitter for the industrial flows, while at the same time serving best-effort traffic flows.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
38. End-to-End Real-Time Demonstration of the Slotted, SDN-Controlled NEPHELE Optical Datacenter Network
- Author
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Konstantinos Tokas, Giannis Patronas, Christos Spatharakis, Paraskevas Bakopoulos, Angelos Kyriakos, Giada Landi, Eitan Zahavi, Kostas Christodoulopoulos, Muzzamil Aziz, Richard Pitwon, Domenico Gallico, Dionysios Reisis, Emmanouel Varvarigos, and Hercules Avramopoulos
- Subjects
optical networking ,optical switching ,dynamic resource allocation ,datacenter architecture ,software-defined networking ,demonstrator ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 - Abstract
The NEPHELE hybrid electro-optical datacenter network (DCN) architecture is proposed as a dynamic network solution to provide high capacity, scalability, and cost efficiency in comparison to the existing DCN infrastructures. The details of the NEPHELE DCN architecture and its various key parts are introduced, and the performance of its implementation is evaluated through an end-to-end NEPHELE demonstrator, which was built at the National Technical University of Athens. Several communication scenarios are demonstrated in real time, exploiting a scalable optical data-plane architecture with a software-defined network (SDN) control plane capable of slotted operation for dynamic allocation of network resources. Real-time end-to-end functionality and integration of various software and hardware components are verified in a six-host prototype datacenter cluster.
- Published
- 2020
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39. Cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis: on the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Taenia multiceps
- Author
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Christodoulopoulos, Georgios, Dinkel, Anke, Romig, Thomas, Ebi, Dennis, Mackenstedt, Ute, and Loos-Frank, Brigitte
- Published
- 2016
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40. The commercial impact of pig Salmonella spp. infections in border-free markets during an economic recession
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G. Evangelopoulou, S. Kritas, G. Christodoulopoulos, and A. R. Burriel
- Subjects
control ,economic crisis ,pig ,Salmonella ,salmonellosis ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The genus Salmonella, a group of important zoonotic pathogens, is having global economic and political importance. Its main political importance results from the pathogenicity of many of its serovars for man. Serovars Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are currently the most frequently associated to foodborne infections, but they are not the only ones. Animal food products contaminated from subclinically infected animals are a risk to consumers. In border free markets, an example is the EU, these consumers at risk are international. This is why, economic competition could use the risk of consumer infection either to restrict or promote free border trade in animals and their products. Such use of public health threats increases during economic recessions in nations economically weak to effectively enforce surveillance. In free trade conditions, those unable to pay the costs of pathogen control are unable to effectively implement agreed regulations, centrally decided, but leaving their enforcement to individual states. Free trade of animal food products depends largely on the promotion of safety, included in "quality," when traders target foreign markets. They will overtake eventually the markets of those ineffectively implementing agreed safety regulations, if their offered prices are also attractive for recession hit consumers. Nations unable to effectively enforce safety regulations become disadvantaged partners unequally competing with producers of economically robust states when it comes to public health. Thus, surveillance and control of pathogens like Salmonella are not only quantitative. They are also political issues upon which states base national trade decisions. Hence, the quantitative calculation of costs incurring from surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses, should not only include the cost for public health protection, but also the long term international economic and political costs for an individual state. These qualitative and qualitative costs of man and animal Salmonella infections should be calculated in the light of free trade and open borders. Understandably, accurate calculation of the economic and political costs requires knowledge of the many factors influencing nationally the quality and safety of pork products and internationally free trade. Thus, how Salmonella pig infections affect commerce and public health across open borders depends on a state’s ability to accurately calculate costs for the surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses in general, and pig infections as a particular example.
- Published
- 2015
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41. Minimizing Expected Transmissions Multicast in Wireless Multihop Networks
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Christodoulopoulos, Kostas, Papageorgiou, Christos, and Varvarigos, Emmanouel
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- 2015
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42. Dynamic connection establishment and network re-optimization in flexible optical networks
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Soumplis, P., Christodoulopoulos, K., and Varvarigos, E.
- Published
- 2015
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43. Local Induction of a Specific Th1 Immune Response by Allergen Linked Immunostimulatory DNA in the Nasal Explants of Ragweed- Allergic Subjects
- Author
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Meri K Tulic, Pota Christodoulopoulos, Pierre Olivier Fiset, Patrice Vaillancourt, Francois Lavigne, Jason D Marshall, Gary Van Nest, Joseph J Eiden, and Qutayba Hamid
- Subjects
allergen ,allergic rhinitis ,CpG motif ,immunotherapy ,vaccination ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Background: Allergen immunotherapy is effective in allergic individuals however efforts are being made to improve its safety, convenience, and efficacy. It has recently been demonstrated that allergen-linked immunostimulatory DNA (ISS) is effective in stimulating an allergen-specific Th1 response with decreased allergenicity. The objective of this study is to investigate whether ISS linked to purified ragweed allergen Amb-a-1 (AIC) can inhibit local allergen-specific Th2 and induce allergen-specific Th1 responses in explanted nasal mucosa of ragweed-sensitive subjects. In addition, we set out to determine whether AIC is more effective compared to stimulation with unlinked Amb a 1 and ISS. Methods: Tissue from ragweed-sensitive patients (n=12) was cultured with whole ragweed allergen (RW), Amb-a-1, AIC, Amb-a-1 and ISS (unlinked), or tetanus toxoid (TT) for 24 hours. IL-4, −5, −13, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA-positive cells were visualized by in situ hybridization and T cells, B cells and neutrophils were enumerated using immunocytochemistry. Results: RW or Amb-a-1 increased the number of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA+cells in the tissue compared to medium alone. AIC had similar cytokine mRNA reactivity as control tissue. AIC and TT increased IFNγ-mRNA expression. Unlinked Amb-a-1 and ISS showed similar effects to AIC, however this response was weaker. The number of TNF mRNA+ cells, T cells, B cells and neutrophils remained unchanged. Conclusions: AIC is effective in stimulating a local allergen-specific Th1- and abolishing Th2-cytokine mRNA reactivity in the nose and may be considered as a strong candidate for an improved approach to immunotherapy in ragweed-sensitive individuals.
- Published
- 2009
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44. Small airway inflammation in asthma
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Christodoulopoulos Pota, Tulic Meri K, and Hamid Qutayba
- Subjects
allergic inflammation ,asthma ,peripheral airways ,small airways ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Asthma was originally described as an inflammatory disease that predominantly involves the central airways. Pathological and physiological evidence reported during the past few years suggests that the inflammatory process extends beyond the central airways to the peripheral airways and the lung parenchyma. The small airways are capable of producing T-helper-2 cytokines, as well as chemokines, and they have recently been recognized as a predominant site of airflow obstruction in asthmatic persons. The inflammation at this distal site has been described as more severe than large airway inflammation. These findings are of great clinical significance, and highlight the need to consider the peripheral airways as a target in any therapeutic strategy for treatment of asthma.
- Published
- 2001
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- View/download PDF
45. Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Jobs in a Grid Environment
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Christodoulopoulos, Konstantinos, Gkamas, Vasileios, and Varvarigos, Emmanouel A.
- Published
- 2008
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46. Constrained and Unconstrained overspill routing in optical networks: a detailed performance evaluation
- Author
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Vlachos, Kyriakos, Van Breusegem, Erik, Christodoulopoulos, Kostas, Colle, Didier, Ramantas, Kostas, and Demeester, Piet
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
47. A Bandwidth Monitoring Mechanism Enhancing SNMP to Record Timed Resource Reservations
- Author
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Manousakis, K., Sourlas, V., Christodoulopoulos, K., Varvarigos, E., and Vlachos, K.
- Published
- 2006
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48. Selenium concentration in blood and hair of holstein dairy cows
- Author
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Christodoulopoulos, G., Roubies, N., Karatzias, H., and Papasteriadis, A.
- Published
- 2003
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49. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor NSC 680410 against human leukemia and glioblastoma cell lines
- Author
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Avramis, Ioannis A., Christodoulopoulos, Garyfallia, Suzuki, Atsushi, Laug, Walter E., Gonzalez-Gomez, Ignacio, McNamara, George, Sausville, Edward A., and Avramis, Vassilios I.
- Published
- 2002
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50. Inflammatory patterns of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis
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Sobol, Steven E., Christodoulopoulos, Pota, and Hamid, Qutayba A.
- Published
- 2001
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