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In this study, we evaluated the potential of Lantana camara L. (L. camara L.) fruit extract as a biogenic mediator for the synthesis of enzyme-rich zinc oxide nanoparticles (EZnO) aimed at the detoxification of phenol and its derivatives. The protein extraction yielded a maximum concentration in the 80 % cut fraction, with a protein concentration of 0.96 μg/ml. The highest peroxidase enzyme activity was measured at 41 U/min at 80 % cut using a 250 μg protein concentration, while the highest polyphenol oxidase activity of 7.16 μg/ml was observed in the 40 % cut fraction. The synthesis of EZnO nanoparticles was confirmed through a visible color change and UV–visible spectroscopy with a distinctive absorbance peak at 307. 40 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis at 2θ angle indicated the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles, with characteristic peaks corresponding to the planes of the ZnO crystal lattice. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization revealed the embedding of the peroxidase enzyme within the nanoparticles, evidenced by absorbance peaks at 1708.62 cm−1 corresponding to amide I, 1604.48 cm−1 corresponding to amide II, and 1380 cm−1 corresponding to amide III. Similarly, the presence of polyphenol oxidase was indicated by absorbance peaks at 3185.83 cm−1 and 2981.41 cm−1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the nanoparticles exhibited polydispersity with a size range of 10–100 nm, with an agglomerated morphology, suggesting successful enzyme-nanoparticle hybridization. The histogram was constructed based on the counting of nanoparticles with size which showed highest number of nanoparticles were in the range of between 10 and 20 nm. The BET analysis showed a surface area of 225.1 m2/g. The EZnO nanoparticles demonstrated effective detoxification capabilities, achieving 86 % removal of synthetic phenol, 63 % removal of synthetic 2-chlorophenol, and 69 % removal of their mixture within 24 h. These findings highlights the potential of L. camara L. fruit extract and EZnO nanoparticles for application in the detoxification of hazardous pollutants, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to environmental remediation.

Lantana camara (L.) and Wedelia trilobata (L.) are wild and strong invasive plants. The aims of this study are to screen phytochemical profiles and evaluate the allelopathic ability of crude extracts on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.), Lactuca sativa (L.) and Raphanus sativus (L.) seed germination in vitro condition. The results showed that, two ethanol crude extracts revealed the high presence of the chemical compositions such as phenolic, flavonoid và alkaloid. The W. trilobata (L.) extract inhibited seed germination higher than the L. camara (L.) leaves extract. At the concentration of 5 mg/mL, the crude extract from W. trilobata (L.) showed inhibition on seed germination of E. crus-galli (L.), L. sativa (L.), and R. sativus (L.) with 84.83%, 82.59%, and 96.57%, respectively. Therefore, W. trilobata could be seen as a potential plant for research on allelochemicals.

Abstract Background Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles with pharmaceutical applications is the current focus in the field of nanomedicine. This study aims at use of Lantana camara L as a source of green reducing agent toward synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. Results Fe3+-reducing assay demonstrated that Lantana camara methanol extract (LCM) has significant electron transfer potential. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of the crude extracts revealed the presence of 7 known and 17 unknown phytochemicals in LCM. Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles was confirmed based on color change of reaction mixture from light brown to dark brown. UV–visible spectrometry analysis showed that the synthesized particles had a λ max at 267.5 nm. Based on the two theta (2θ) and Miller indices (hkl) values obtained in XRD analysis, the particles were confirmed to be cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanoparticles. Further dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the average size of the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles is 180 nm. SEM image analysis of the particles revealed that they are spherical mass of feather-like structure, contributing toward increased surface area of the particles. Further, the pharmaceutical potential of the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles was evaluated against eukaryotic cancer and fungal cells. MTT cytotoxicity analysis showed that Co(OH)2 nanoparticles have selective toxicity toward HCT-116 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 25 µg/ml and reduced cytotoxicity to non-cancerous VERO cells with an IC50 value of 200 µg/ml suggesting that the particles possess selective anti-cancerous cytotoxicity. Additionally, the particles demonstrated significant antifungal activity against 5 human fungal pathogens. Conclusions Results of this study conclude that green-synthesized Co(OH)2 nanoparticles using Lantana camara L possess excellent eukaryotic cytotoxicity against cancer cells and fungal pathogens.

Tentative identification of secondary metabolites in Lantana camara L. leaves was done. This plant belongs to the verbenaceae family and is used for several treatments in folk medicine. The data was acquired by collecting leaves and their stems of L. camara manually, in Nampula city, during the flowering period around 4pm. Then, the plant material collected was washed with water to remove impurities, and it was covered by paper and dried in the sun for a week. After the drying process, it was crushed and sieved, and 200 g of homogeneous powder was obtained. The method of preparation of the leaf extract of L. camara was cold maceration, mixing 200 g of powder leaves with 2 L of 90 % ethanol, in the proportion of 1 g/10 mL, and it was stored in favourable conditions and stirred occasionally during a week. Then it was filtrated and divided into two parts so as to be dried in an oven at 80 °C for 8 h and another part was dried in a rotary evaporator at 42 °C for 6 h. Before drying the ethanolic extract, the yield of the dry extract was determined. The class of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds and quinone were identified using general and specific chemical reagents. In addition, antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus was evaluated using a disc diffusion method, according to Kirby-Bauer. These data provide helpful leads for pharmacological intervention from the extraction of the raw form of the metabolites, which is responsible for the antibacterial action specifically for the eradication of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) dan Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) merupakan hama primer serealia di penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menguji aktivitas repellensi dan toksisitas ekstrak metanol daun Lantana camaraterhadap imago S. oryzae dan T. castaneum. Pengujian repellensi menggunakan metode pilihan pada kertas saring yang dipotong menjadi dua bagian yang sama. Potongan kertas saring bagian pertama diaplikasikan ekstrak daun sebanyak 500 μl, sedangkan yang kedua tanpa aplikasi ekstrak daun. Pengujian toksisitas menggunakan metode residu pada kertas saring. Larutan ekstrak daun diteteskan pada kertas saring secara merata dengan volume 1000 µl. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun L. camara memiliki aktivitas repellensi dan mortalitas terhadap imago S. oryzae dan T. castaneum bersifat terpaut konsentrasi ekstrak. Ekstrak daun menyebabkan efek repellensi dan mortalitas lebih tinggi pada imago T. castaneum dibandingkan S. oryzae. Ekstrak daun L. camara menyebabkan repellensi pada imago T. castaneum berkisar antara 60–100%, sedangkan pada imago S. oryzae mencapai 53,33–93,33%. Ekstrak daun L. camara lebih banyak menyebabkan kematian pada imago T. castaneum daripada S. oryzae.

This research elucidates the ecological status and spatial extent of two non-native invasive species, Lantana camara L. and Ageratina adenophorum Sprengel, within dominant forest communities across an altitude gradient in the western Himalayan region. The study, conducted from 2017 to 2019 in the Nainital district of Kumaun Himalaya, focused on four forest communities; Sal, Chir-pine, Banj-oak, and Mixed-oak, spanning an altitudinal range from 300 to 2250 meters. Environmental predictors encompassing topographic, physiographic, and climatic factors, along with species occurrence records, were employed to determine spatial extent. The MaxEnt statistical model, a machine learning algorithm, facilitated the assessment of the spatial distribution of invasives. Results indicate that L. camara has invaded Sal, Chir-pine, and Banj oak forests but has not established in high-elevation mixed-oak stands. Conversely, A. adenophora has invaded Chir-pine, Banj-oak, and Mixed-oak stands but has not been observed in low-altitude Sal forests. No significant variation in species number, diversity, or distribution pattern along the elevation gradient was observed for either species. Spatial assessment using MaxEnt revealed an estimated area of 380 km² for A. adenophora and 285 km² for L. camara. The study highlights the mid-altitude zone as the most vulnerable to species invasion. This scientific inquiry contributes valuable insights for the conservation of non-native shrubs, offering guidance for effective, species-specific conservation and management strategies in the Himalayan region.

Allelopathy is the chemical interactions between plants that might lead to either stimulation or inhibition of growth, community structure, and plant invasions. Lantana camara L. is a noxious invasive weed that negatively affects seed germination, seedling growth, and increases the mortality of the crop plant. The objective of this work was to assess allelopathic effect of L. camara leaf aqueous extract on germination and seedling growth of Capsicum annuum (pepper) and Daucus carota (carrot). The aqueous extract of Lantana leaf samples was used as a source of allelopathic effects. Data were collected for germination and seedling growth parameters. The result indicated that the highest concentration of the allelopathic extract (20 mg/L) has demonstrated significantly the highest germination inhibition rate GIR (60.00%), germination speed V (2.54 U/day) for D. carota as GIR (70.00%), mean germination time MGT (0.36 days), and GI (0.67%) for C. annuum seeds. The highest concentration of the allelopathic extract (20 mg/L) has recorded the highest plumule inhibition rate PIR (59.63%) and radical inhibition rate RIR (48.95%) for D. carota seeds, as well as PIR (27.47%) and RLR (79.49%) for C. annuum. The largest negative allelopathic index (−60.00% or allelopathic intensity of 60.00%) was recorded for D. carota seeds, whilst (−63.43% or allelopathic intensity of 63.43%) was recorded for C. annuum seed germination. For D. carota seed germination, the first principal component (PC1) has got high positive loads from GI (0.36), RLR (0.31), GR (0.34), allelopathic index AI (0.34), relative length of plumule RLP (0.24), and V (0.30). By contrast, PC1 for D. carota seed germination has got the highest negative component loads recorded by GIR (−0.34), PIR (−0.24), MGT (−0.35), and RIR (−0.31). In allelopathic effect on C. annum seed germination, the first principal component (PC1) has got high positive scores from relative length of radical RLR (0.31), RLP (0.33), germination rate GR (0.33), V (0.33), and AI (0.33). Likewise, the high negative component loads were recorded by GIR (−0.33), PIR (−0.33), RIR (−0.31), and MGT (−0.32). The result of the present study demonstrated that GIR, PIR, and RIR were directly related to negative allelopathic activity.

Introduction: Today, the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, as well as the side effects of chemical drugs, have led to our increasing use of medicinal plants. So, our purpose was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of leaves and flowers’ methanolic extracts of Lantana camara L. Methods: Iran’s National Botanical Garden (Tehran, Iran) provided the plant, whose leaves and flowers’ methanolic extracts were prepared by the percolation method. The antimicrobial activity was measured by the disc-diffusion method against some bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive), as well as fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the serial dilution method and determining the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Data were analyzed by Duncan test, and P0.05). Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity at the 50% concentration of the leave and flower extracts (29.66±1.15 and 30.33±0.66, respectively), and Escherichia coli showed the least sensitivity at the 6.25 % concentration of the leave and flower extracts (2.66±0.88 and 1.00±1.15, respectively). The most potent antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans at the 50% concentration of the leave extract (14.00±0.45), and the lowest antifungal activity was seen against Aspergillus niger at the 12.25% concentration of the flower extract (1.33±0.66). Conclusion: Lantana camara leaves and flowers’ extracts showed potential to be used as anti-microbial agents against bacterial and fungal infections.

Abstract Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a widespread mycotic infection that affects a large proportion of women of childbearing age. Its management in traditional medicine is based on the use of medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lantana camara L. and Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin. Results The data obtained from the in vitro antifungal test show that the strains tested (ATCC 90028 and two clinical strains: 1MA and 3MA) were more sensitive to aqueous extracts with a better effect for Pteleopsis suberosa. This potential of the tested extracts correlated with their richness in total polyphenols. The extract of the Pteleopsis suberosa was very active on the inhibition of the reference strain ATCC 90028. On the clinical strains (1MA and 3MA) the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa showed a better MIC on the 1MA strain. In vivo model, inoculation of 100 µL of the concentrated Candida albicans suspension 1.5 × 105 UFC/mL induced the candidiasis of the female Wistar rat. The treatment with the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa, like fluconazole (reference drug), significantly reduced Candida albicans infection at a dose of 100 mg/kg after 1, 7 and 13 days of treatment. Conclusion This study revealed the potential antifungal of the Ocimum gratissimum, Lantana camara and Pteleopsis suberosa. Pteleopsis suberosa has better antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. These observations justify the use of their medicinal plant in the traditional treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin.

Using the gas chromatography mass spectrometry method, the chemical components of essential oil from flowers of Lantana camara growing in Egypt are analyzed. Through this investigation, 22 chemicals from floral oil were identified. Most of the oil is made up of sesquiterpene caryophyllene (15.51%) and monoterpene sabinene (14.90%). When the oil's composition was compared to oils extracted from the same plant on several continents, we observed that the essential components were largely the same with some difference in proportions and some compounds due to geographical differences. A molecular docking study of essential oil components was conducted with human superoxide dismutase 1, a target involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Isospathulenol showed a comparable docking score to the reference ligand bound to the dismutase enzyme. Isospathulenol showed a reasonable drug score with some safety concerns. In addition, isospathulenol is predicted to have high GI absorption, good permeability through the blood-brain barrier and reasonable bioavailability score with ease access to synthetic modifications. In addition, the same compound is devoid from any violation to Lipinski rules or any PAINS alerts. This may establish the promising characteristics of such a compound to be optimized into potential drug candidates for treatment of ALS., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Lantana camara is widely known as a garden plant, but its use for various medicinal purposes is widespread in traditional medicine. In the frame of this study, L. camara was subjected to several different extraction techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), homogenizer-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction. The investigation encompasses the analysis of the chemical composition alongside assessments of biological activities, such as antioxidant and enzyme-inhibition potential and cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts. The obtained results showed that the extract obtained by accelerated-solvent extraction was the richest in the content of total phenols and of individual compounds. Of the 17 components identified in total, hispidulin was detected in the highest concentration (5.43-475.97 mg/kg). In the antioxidant assays, the extracts obtained by accelerated-solvent and microwave extraction possessed the highest level of antioxidant and antiradical protection. All obtained extracts showed enzyme-inhibitory action on amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterase, showing a high potential for application against diseases induced by excessive activity of these enzymes. Cytotoxic analysis was performed on normal and tumor cells, whereby the obtained IC 50 values were in the range of 7.685-79.26 µg/mL, showing the high cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts. Using Z score analysis, ASE resulted in an optimal combination of tested quality characteristics of the L. camara extracts., (© 2024 Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft.)

Golden snail is one of the potential pests for agricultural failure in Indonesia. One of the methods used to control golden snail pests is the use of botanical pesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of L. Camara and A. Indica extracts as botanical pesticides to control the golden snail. The stages of research activities consisted of : extractionusing the maceration method; phytochemical screening; application of N-Hexane extract from tembelekan leaves and neem leaves; Observation of the golden snail mortality. The experimental method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. Observations were made every 6 hours for 48 hours. Analysis of mortality data using ANOVA and DMRT follow-up test. The results showed that the secondary metabolite compounds from tembelekan and neem extracts that act as botanical pesticides are flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The most effective treatment in controlling the golden snail was the E3 treatment with a combination of 15% tembelekan n-hexane extract and 15% neem n-hexane extract achieving a 100% mortality percentage at 36 hours. Based on the analysis, it is known that the treatment of tembelekan and neem leaf extracts had a significant effect on golden snail mortality with Fcount (3.22) > Ftable (2.51). ABSTRAK Keong mas merupakan salah satu hama potensial terhadap kegagalan pertanian di Indonesia. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama keong mas yaitu menggunakan pestisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak L. Camara dan A. Indica sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan keong mas. Tahapan kegiatan penelitian terdiri dari: esktraksi dengan metode maserasi; skrining fitokimia; pengaplikasian ekstrak N-Heksana daun tembelekan dan daun mimba; pengamatan mortalitas keong mas. Metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam selama 48 jam. Analisis data mortalitas dengan menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak tembelekan dan mimba yang berperan sebagai pestisida nabati yaitu flavonoid, alkaloid, dan triterpenoid. Perlakuan yang paling efektif dalam mengendalikan keong mas yaitu pada perlakuan E3 dengan kombinasi ekstrak n-heksana tembelekan 15% dan ekstrak n-heksana mimba 15%. Berdasarkan analisisnya, diketahui bahwa perlakuan ekstrak daun tembelekan dan mimba tersebut memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas keong mas dengan Fhitung (3,22)>Ftabel (2,51).

Recently, the beauty of the environment, native forest plants, and crops were encroached with invasive weeds, and thus scientific community was concerned with searching for optional management of these horrible weeds. Accordingly, vermicomposting of invasive weeds with the purpose of utilization management was evaluated as an alternative option and cost-effective management. Utilization management included keeping the environment safe from expanding invasive weeds by using these weeds as vermicomposting materials. Consequently, vermicompost was produced from L. camara invasive weed and this produced vermicompost was interactively used with chemical fertilizer to appraise its effect on soil chemical properties after the tef crop was harvested. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial combination with three replications. Four levels of L. camara vermicompost amendment (0, 2, 4, and 6 t·ha−1) and four levels of NPS fertilizer (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg·ha−1) were used in the combination of the treatments. Disturbed composite soil sampling at a depth of 20 cm was carried out, one sample before planting and 48 samples after harvesting of the tef crop. The results showed that the combined addition of vermicompost and NPS fertilizers at the rate of 6 t·ha−1 and 200 kg·ha−1, respectively, significantly increased plant-available phosphorus (Av. P). Reversely, the pH of the soil remained unchanged when the soil was treated with the integration of vermicompost and NPS fertilizer or at their separate individual application. Most of the soil chemical properties, i.e. soil organic carbon (SOC), electrical conductivity (EC), Av. P, total nitrogen (TN), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C : N), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were found to be improved when the soil was amended with the highest dose of sole L. camara vermicompost fertilizer. The two-year consecutive organic fertilizer fertilization rate increased SOC from 63.64% to 107.56%, EC from 8.70% to 22.22%, Av. P from 40.87% to 143.13%, TN from 50% to 100%, C : N ratio from 8.14% to 11.58%, and CEC from 42.11% to 63.67% versus untreated plot. Single-application NPS chemical fertilizer has only an encouraging effect on Av. P and CEC of soil. The principal driving factor for any change in soil chemical properties was the L. camara vermicompost amendment. Therefore, using L. camara weed as a vermicompost can enhance soil fertility. This study offers the opportunity to convert the large biomass of L. camara weed into vermicompost through vermicomposting.

Tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) is an upright or semi-climbing shrub with a distinctive odor which is native to tropical and sub-tropical regions. This plant has many variations. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological diversity of tembelekan using field observation methods in Buton, Central Buton, and South Buton Districts. The characterization process was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the Muhammadiyah University of Buton. The results of the observations were analyzed qualitatively by comparing the characters between individuals. The results showed that there were two groups of tembelekan in the Buton Islands, namely the orange and pink flowering groups. The orange flowering group has ovate leaf shape, coarse-hairy leaf surface, acute leaf apice, acuminate leaf base, serrate leaf margin, longer leaf size than the pink group, sepal is almost identical in size, orange flower group has fewer corolla than pink flower group. While the pink flowering group has deltoid leaf shape, coarse-hairy leaf surface, acuminate leaf tip, acuminate leaf base, serrated leaf margin, different sepal sizes and magenta flower color. It can be concluded that the two groups of tembelekan have differences in leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf length, sepal size, number and color of the corolla.

The objectives of the study were to conduct phytochemical screening of crude extracts of Cissampelos pareira L. and Lantana camara L. and assessing their biological potentials against protein kinase enzymes, followed by the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities. The n-hexane (A-І, B-І) and ethyl extracts (A-ІІ, B-ІІ) displayed moderate to good antioxidant activity, while the methanol fractions (A-ІІІ, B-ІІІ) showed significant antioxidant activity. Among all the three crude extracts, the ethyl acetate extract (B-II) of L. camara exhibited significant protein kinase inhibitions with remarkable antioxidant potential and was therefore purified through column chromatography. Fraction B-ІІ-2 showed the highest flavonoid contents (735.43), with the most promising protein kinase inhibition exerted by the subtractions B-ІІ-2, B-ІІ-3, B-ІІ-4, and B-ІІ-7. Hence, active fractions were examined through GC-MS for the identification of active constituents, revealing 17 active compounds. In the case of Lantana camara , the ethyl acetate crude extract along with fractions led to the identification of more than thirty compounds, which may be further explored to find a potential lead for drug development.

Allelopathy is the chemical interactions between plants that might lead to either stimulation or inhibition of growth, community structure, and plant invasions. Lantana camara L. is a noxious invasive weed that negatively affects seed germination, seedling growth, and increases the mortality of the crop plant. The objective of this work was to assess allelopathic effect of L. camara leaf aqueous extract on germination and seedling growth of Capsicum annuum (pepper) and Daucus carota (carrot). The aqueous extract of Lantana leaf samples was used as a source of allelopathic effects. Data were collected for germination and seedling growth parameters. The result indicated that the highest concentration of the allelopathic extract (20 mg/L) has demonstrated significantly the highest germination inhibition rate GIR (60.00%), germination speed V (2.54 U/day) for D. carota as GIR (70.00%), mean germination time MGT (0.36 days), and GI (0.67%) for C. annuum seeds. The highest concentration of the allelopathic extract (20 mg/L) has recorded the highest plumule inhibition rate PIR (59.63%) and radical inhibition rate RIR (48.95%) for D. carota seeds, as well as PIR (27.47%) and RLR (79.49%) for C. annuum . The largest negative allelopathic index (-60.00% or allelopathic intensity of 60.00%) was recorded for D. carota seeds, whilst (-63.43% or allelopathic intensity of 63.43%) was recorded for C. annuum seed germination. For D. carota seed germination, the first principal component (PC1) has got high positive loads from GI (0.36), RLR (0.31), GR (0.34), allelopathic index AI (0.34), relative length of plumule RLP (0.24), and V (0.30). By contrast, PC1 for D. carota seed germination has got the highest negative component loads recorded by GIR (-0.34), PIR (-0.24), MGT (-0.35), and RIR (-0.31). In allelopathic effect on C. annum seed germination, the first principal component (PC1) has got high positive scores from relative length of radical RLR (0.31), RLP (0.33), germination rate GR (0.33), V (0.33), and AI (0.33). Likewise, the high negative component loads were recorded by GIR (-0.33), PIR (-0.33), RIR (-0.31), and MGT (-0.32). The result of the present study demonstrated that GIR, PIR, and RIR were directly related to negative allelopathic activity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yiftusira Alemayehu et al.)

Lantana weed (Lantana camara L.) is among the most noxious weeds in the world. Keeping in mind its invasive behavior and great ecological tolerance, it becomes imperative to analyze the structure and function of associated microbiome. In this perspective, Illumina-based metagenome sequencing was performed to gain a better understanding of prokaryotic diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of L. camara L. The organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the rhizosphere soil were 0.91% (± 0.21%); 280 Kg ha-1 (± 4.02 Kg ha-1), 54.5 Kg ha-1 (± 3.12 Kg ha-1), and 189 Kg ha-1 (± 6.11 Kg ha-1), respectively. The metagenome analysis revealed the existence of 41 bacterial and 2 archaeal phyla, with only 12 showing ≥1% abundances. Pseudomonadota was the dominant phylum with 31.3% abundance, followed by Actinomycetota (20.9%). Further, 54 different genera were identified with the highest abundance of Devosia (2.8%). The PICRUSt analysis predicted various functional traits in the soil metagenome, with general cellular functions dominating, followed by stress tolerance. Moreover, 10% of the functions were associated with nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and potassium mobilization. In conclusion, the present study revealed the existence of diverse prokaryotic communities in the rhizosphere of the L. camara L. which was primarily associated with stress response and plant growth promotion. To the best of our knowledge, this study documents for the first time the L. camara L. microbiome. Furthermore, the identified genera can be explored for agricultural needs in future.

ABSTRACT: This study describes an outbreak of acute necrotic hepatopathy associated with spontaneous poisoning by Lantana camara L. in dairy cattle. A herd of 15 cows and heifers was introduced into a native pasture with limited food supply, and, sixteen days later, eight animals had spontaneous nasal hemorrhage, fever, lethargy, jaundice, and dry, dark stools with mucus and blood. The clinical course varied from two to five days. In the pasture where the cattle were kept, abundant adult specimens of L. camara L. with evident signs of consumption were observed. In total, seven cattle died and necropsy was performed in three of them. All animals had moderate jaundice, hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and on the surface of different organs. The liver was slightly enlarged, with orange discoloration and enhanced lobular pattern. Histologically, multifocal areas of coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes in the centrilobular area, occasionally extending to the midzonal area, were observed, as well as marked hepatocellular degeneration and prominent cholestasis. The current study suggests that L. camara L. poisoning should be considered a differential diagnosis of acute and necrotic hepatotoxicity in cattle, despite the absence of photosensitization.

Abstract Lantana camara L. is widely used in folk medicine for alleviation of inflammatory disorders, but studies that proved this folk use and that revealed the molecular mechanism of action in inflammation mitigation are not enough. Therefore, this study aimed to identify L. camara phytoconstituents using UPLC-MS/MS and explain their multi-level mechanism of action in inflammation alleviation using network pharmacology analysis together with molecular docking and in vitro testing. Fifty-seven phytoconstituents were identified in L. camara extract, from which the top hit compounds related to inflammation were ferulic acid, catechin gallate, myricetin and iso-ferulic acid. Whereas the most enriched inflammation related genes were PRKCA, RELA, IL2, MAPK 14 and FOS. Furthermore, the most enriched inflammation-related pathways were PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed that catechin gallate possessed the lowest binding energy against PRKCA, RELA and IL2, while myricetin had the most stabilized interaction against MAPK14 and FOS. In vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory testing indicated that L. camara extract is safer than piroxicam and has a strong anti-inflammatory activity comparable to it. This study is a first step in proving the folk uses of L. camara in palliating inflammatory ailments and institutes the groundwork for future clinical studies.

Lantana Camara L. (LC) invasive species has not been successfully mapped due to inadequate spectral information. This study aimed at assessing the performance of leaf-level in-situ hyperspectral data and derived indices in discriminating LC among co-occurring species during the dry and wet seasons. In addition, the performance of simulated Sentinel-2 bands, Sentinel-2 derived indices and machine learning algorithms in discriminating it was explored. Spectrally distinct features for species discrimination were selected using the guided regularized random forest (GRRF) and their separability quantified with Jeffries–Matusita distance method. We found that ratio-based and difference indices constructed with first and second-order derivative hyperspectral reflectance wavelengths perfectly separated LC from co-occurring species in the dry and wet seasons with ≥ 97% of separability accuracy. Similarly, a set of derived ratio-based and difference Sentinel-2 indices yielded > 95% and

The current study assesses the photochemical profiles, the in vitro antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power ferric and silver nanoparticule) and anti-inflammatory activity of Lantana camara L. leaves and flowers collected from the South of Tunisia. Bioactive extracts of two organs were prepared through an ultrasound-assisted extraction in ethanol. Herein, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to define the relationship between biological activities and the bioactive molecules content and composition. Phytochemical profiling showed higher phenolic and flavonoids contents in leaves extracts than in those obtained from flowers, while the condensed tannins was absent in both organs. LC-MS analysis identified 16 and 15 phenolic compounds from flowers and leaves extracts, respectively. The flowers extract was especially rich in Kaempferol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quinic acid and apigenin-7-O-glucoside. Kaempferol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quinic acid and syringic acid were identified as the prevalent compounds in leaves extract. The latter exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging potentials. Whereas flowers extracts revealed the highest reducing potential of ferric and silver ions. However, the leaves and flowers extracts are unable to protect bovine serum albumin (BSA) from thermal denaturation. Furthermore, significant correlations (p < 0.05) were recorded between phytochemical profile and biological activities, as well as between different antioxidant studied assays. The obtained results present practical data for the potential application of L. camara as a sustainable source of multi-functional molecules in food and medicinal industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tentative identification of secondary metabolites in Lantana camara L. leaves was done. This plant belongs to the verbenaceae family and is used for several treatments in folk medicine. The data was acquired by collecting leaves and their stems of L. camara manually, in Nampula city, during the flowering period around 4pm. Then, the plant material collected was washed with water to remove impurities, and it was covered by paper and dried in the sun for a week. After the drying process, it was crushed and sieved, and 200 g of homogeneous powder was obtained. The method of preparation of the leaf extract of L. camara was cold maceration, mixing 200 g of powder leaves with 2 L of 90 % ethanol, in the proportion of 1 g/10 mL, and it was stored in favourable conditions and stirred occasionally during a week. Then it was filtrated and divided into two parts so as to be dried in an oven at 80 °C for 8 h and another part was dried in a rotary evaporator at 42 °C for 6 h. Before drying the ethanolic extract, the yield of the dry extract was determined. The class of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds and quinone were identified using general and specific chemical reagents. In addition, antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus was evaluated using a disc diffusion method, according to Kirby-Bauer. These data provide helpful leads for pharmacological intervention from the extraction of the raw form of the metabolites, which is responsible for the antibacterial action specifically for the eradication of multidrug-resistant bacteria., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)