Search

Based on the first ratings of international branch campuses (IBCs) by Dubai's Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA), which are further supported by findings in the literature, we investigated students' institution choices and satisfaction, focusing on country of origin and campus environment as possible key influences. The study adopts an inductive qualitative research design involving semi-structured interviews with 53 IBC students in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We found that an IBC's country of origin influences both students' institution choices and students' overall satisfaction with their institution. Although we also found that campus servicescape and facilities impact upon students' institution choices and satisfaction, these were secondary when compared to education-related factors. We conclude that while a favourable campus servicescape may contribute less to overall student satisfaction compared to other factors, a campus environment with poor or inadequate facilities and equipment may result in student dissatisfaction.

Abundant consumer data has made decision-making more complicated, rather than simple, for marketers. This raises an important question about which variables in the data contain reliable information for retailers to predict future consumer purchase value (CPV) to guide strategic decisions. The authors address this question by exploring the variables "distinctive choice of brand country of origin" (DBCOO) and "country of origin diversity" (COO diversity) as analytical tools to extract insights from consumer purchase data. Building on signaling theory, the authors theorize and empirically test that DBCOO and COO diversity in a consumer's purchase history can signal, and therefore help predict, CPV. Moreover, the authors explore high-involvement product categories and purchase frequency as boundary conditions to develop a comprehensive framework of COO signals as strategic analytical tools. They find that DBCOO in a consumer's purchase history indeed increases CPV and that this relationship is enhanced for high-involvement product categories but moderated curvilinearly by purchase frequency. Moreover, they find that the COO diversity–CPV link is positive but interacts negatively with both moderators. This allows retailers to successfully distinguish high- from low-CPV consumers and thus enables them to manage the marketing mix and resources more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the influence of country of origin image, brand image, and product quality partially and simultaneously on purchasing decisions. The type of research used is quantitative. The population in this study are consumers of Some By Mi products in the city of Jakarta whose number is unknown. The process of data collection and population in this study by distributing questionnaires via the Google Forms link. The sample taken was 96 respondents using the Cochran formula in determining the number of samples. The data collection method used a questionnaire and the analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that: 1) The country of origin image variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. 2) The brand image variable has a negative and significant effect on purchasing decisions. 3) The product quality variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Skincare has developed rapidly in the last few years, the skincare brands available are very diverse, one of which is Cosrx which comes from South Korea. South Korea is considered a highly innovative country in the beauty and skincare industry, known for its advanced technology and effective product formulations. This research aims to determine the influence of Country of Origin on the decision to purchase Cosrx skincare, the influence of brand image on the decision to purchase Cosrx skincare, and the influence of product quality on the decision to acquire Cosrx skincare. The research method used is quantitative research. The sample in this study used the Likert formula and the results were 90 respondents. The Purposive Sampling method was used for sampling. The data analysis approach uses the PLS (Partial Least Square) program. Based on the research results, country of origin, brand image and product quality all positively and significantly influence consumer purchasing decisions for Cosrx skincare.

AbstractPrevious research suggests the existence of variables that can moderate the influence of country of origin (COO) on consumer preferences for food products. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the moderating effect of consumer animosity on the connection between COO attributes and consumer preferences. This study represented an initial attempt to examine consumer preferences for imported fruit from countries involved in disputes with a target country, compared to countries with fewer or no disputes. A choice-based experiment was conducted with 180 respondents in Vietnam’s Mekong River Delta region, using Random Utility Theory (RUT) and the Generalized Multinomial Logit model. The results show significant heterogeneity in consumer preferences for attributes such as COO, traceability label, organic label, and price. However, there is homogeneity in preference for fruit size. Consumer animosity towards a specific country plays a crucial role in shaping choice behavior, as higher animosity leads consumers to prefer the same product from other countries. This study effectively addresses domestic bias by isolating the effects of consumer ethnocentrism, making it a valuable contribution to the field. It also provides practical implications for fruit importers, domestic producers, and retailers in Vietnam by highlighting the importance of different attributes of foreign fruit.

Over the last decade there has been significant interest in international expansion of emerging market firms (EMFs) due to their distinctive patterns compared with developed market firms (DMFs). In this article, the authors develop an analytical model to generate prescriptive insights for pricing strategies when EMFs enter new foreign markets. Grounded in the international marketing and organizational learning literatures, the model accounts for local and multinational competition, the influence of country-of-origin effects, and the role of organizational learning in foreign markets. The results suggest that when an EMF enters a host market with a local competitor, it could generate higher profits even when charging a lower price than the local competitor. Additionally, the authors find that DMFs enjoy greater profitability than EMFs in foreign markets as a result of positive country-of-origin effects. Finally, the authors propose and validate the use of organizational learning as a process EMFs can use to surmount the negative impact of country-of-origin effects and achieve greater profitability than DMFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the risk of an aggressive endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosis by race, ethnicity, and country of origin to further elucidate histologic disparities in non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) vs. non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, particularly in Hispanic or API subgroups. Patient diagnosed between 2004 and 2020 with low grade (LG)-endometrioid endometrial cancer (ECC) or an aggressive EC including grade 3 EEC, serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, mixed epithelial carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma in the National Cancer Database were studied. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for diagnosis of an aggressive EC histology was estimated using logistic modeling. There were 343,868 NHW, 48,897 NHB, 30,013 Hispanic, 15,015 API and 1646 AIAN patients. The OR (95% CI) for an aggressive EC diagnosis was 3.07 (3.01–3.13) for NHB, 1.08 (1.06–1.11) for Hispanic, 1.17 (1.13–1.21) for API and 1.07 (0.96–1.19) for AIAN, relative to NHW patients. Subset analyses by country of origin illustrated the diversity in the OR for an aggressive EC diagnosis among Hispanic (1.18 for Mexican to 1.87 for Dominican), Asian (1.14 Asian Indian-Pakistani to 1.48 Korean) and Pacific Islander (1.00 for Hawaiian to 1.33 for Samoan) descendants. Hispanic, API and AIAN patients were diagnosed 5-years younger that NHW patients, and the risk for an aggressive EC histology were all significantly higher than NHW patients after correcting for age. Insurance status was another independent risk factor for aggressive histology. Risk of an aggressive EC diagnosis varied by race, ethnicity, and country of origin. NHB patients had the highest risk, followed by Dominican, South/Central American, Cuban, Korean, Thai, Vietnamese, and Filipino descendants. [Display omitted] • Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients had the lowest percent (%) with an aggressive endometrial cancer (EC) histology (30%). • 57% of non-Hispanic Black patients had an aggressive EC histology corresponding to a 3-fold higher risk over NHW patients. • Risk in Hispanics (H) varied by race (32% H-White to 48% H-Black) and country of origin (34% Mexican to 45% Dominican). • Risk varied in descendants from Asian (33% Indian Pakistani to 39% Korean) or Pacific Islands (30% Hawaiian to 37% Samoan). • 32% of American Indian/Alsakan Native patients had an aggressive EC histology and an age-adjusted risk of 1.30 vs. NHWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the first ratings of international branch campuses (IBCs) by Dubai's Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA), which are further supported by findings in the literature, we investigated students' institution choices and satisfaction, focusing on country of origin and campus environment as possible key influences. The study adopts an inductive qualitative research design involving semi-structured interviews with 53 IBC students in Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We found that an IBC's country of origin influences both students' institution choices and students' overall satisfaction with their institution. Although we also found that campus servicescape and facilities impact upon students' institution choices and satisfaction, these were secondary when compared to education-related factors. We conclude that while a favourable campus servicescape may contribute less to overall student satisfaction compared to other factors, a campus environment with poor or inadequate facilities and equipment may result in student dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On May 7th 2024 Italy updated its list of safe countries of origin (SCO) for the second time after the introduction of the notion in the national legal system in 2019. Notably, the latest update retained the most contentious addition to the list from last year, Nigeria. Until then, only Cyprus considered Nigeria as generally safe. The legal issues underlying this designation illustrate how country of origin information (COI), largely provided to Member States by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), is (mis)used to produce policy-based evidence rather than evidence-based policies.

AbstractThis paper examines the intricate relationship between consumer identity, COO (Country of Origin) perceptions, and purchasing intentions. Utilizing a quantitative approach, it collected survey data from a survey of 521 participants in China, offering a comprehensive view of consumer attitudes and behaviors, by adopting Structural Equation Models. A key finding is the mediating role of ambivalence toward COO in the relationship between consumer self-identity and purchasing willingness. This ambivalence, influenced by factors like nationalism, product quality perceptions, and ethical concerns, divided into animosity and admiration on COO, is shown to influence purchasing propensity. The study underscores the fluid nature of consumer identity, shaped by personal, cultural, and global influences, particularly under globalization where exposure to products from diverse COOs leads to varied responses. Recognizing and strategically responding to this ambivalence can enhance consumer engagement and willingness to buy. This research contributes to global consumer behavior studies by emphasizing the complex interplay between consumer identity, COO perceptions, and purchasing decisions, offering insights for developing effective international marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study explores the country-of-origin effect on the product evaluation of wine offerings from South Africa in European markets. We examine whether a liability of emergingness manifests and its characteristics from an African context. Design/methodology/approach: Using a qualitative approach, we examine the country-of-origin effect building on the existing theories and gaining insights from multiple perspectives and participants who are involved in the South African and European wine supply chains. Findings/results: We reveal country-product category interaction and show that the wine category has certain dynamics (complexity, vastness of choice, and limited consumer knowledge) that leads consumers to rely more on extrinsic properties in their product evaluations. We show that a liability of foreignness and emergingness, and particularly Africanness, is at work in terms of the product evaluation of South African wine in European markets. Practical implications: We integrate the country-of-origin effect with the liability of foreignness (specifically emergingness and Africanness) research and demonstrate its manifestation in an African context. We contribute towards emerging market country-of-origin effect research, highlighting the liability of emergingness, and unpack its multidimensionality and connections between product category and country engagement dynamics, and how these are affected by consumer involvement, the retail environment, and engagement with expertise. Originality/value: Understanding how country-of-origin effects manifest with products from emerging markets is of increasing importance given the continued economic shifts towards that part of the world. We examine avenues for South African producers to mitigate country-of-origin effects.

Kebutuhan akan produk kosmetik saat ini semakin berkembang dari waktu ke waktu sehingga kosmetik sudah menjadi kebutuhan primer. Produk kosmetik yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia yaitu Wardah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menjelaskan peran brand equity memediasi pengaruh country of origin terhadap repurchase intention pada konsumen Wardah beauty cosmetic di Kota Denpasar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 130 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji asumsi klasik, path analysis, dan pengujian peran mediasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan country of origin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap repurchase intention, country of origin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand equity, brand equity berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap repurchase intention, dan brand equity mampu memediasi secara parsial (complementary partial mediation) pengaruh country of origin terhadap repurchase intention pada konsumen Wardah beauty cosmetic di Kota Denpasar. Implikasi teoritis hasil penelitian ini mendukung teori perilaku konsumen bahwa jika perilaku konsumen dalam menumbuhkan minat beli ulang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai informasi yang diterima. Implikasi praktis jika persepsi konsumen terhadap country of origin produk merek Wardah baik maka brand equity akan baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan repurchase intention.

Research Question (RQ): Refugee status is denied to persons who cooperate with authorities of a country of origin. However, it is unclear whether this rule also applies to displaced persons, or whether Directive 2011/95/EU regulating subsidiary protection should be applied in their cases. Purpose: This research focuses on a legal situation of displaced persons who benefit from Directive 2001/55/EC regulating the EU temporary protection mechanism. This law can be activated in case of mass arrivals of persons in need of international protection. The research examines whether displaced persons can continue working for the authorities of their country of origin. Method: Dogmatic-legal analysis was used. Critical analysis of the law (1951 UN Refugee Convention, and EU law) was made. Historical method was used to support an interpretation of the text of that Convention with that treaty aims. Thanks to this, it was possible to deduce intentions of the drafters and first interpreters of the 1951 Refugee Convention from Travaux préparatoires and subsequent conclusions of the EXCOMM. Results: The 1951 Refugee Convention applies to persons who are unwilling or unable to be protected by their country of origin. However, incidental contacts with that state do not deprive these persons of protection. Directive 2001/55/EC does not contain an explicit reference to a need to terminate all contacts with a country of origin. Still, some relationships may contradict with the UN values. The asylum caseworker should be able to verify if these activities do not violate refugee law. Hence, the answer to the research questions depends on the scope of activities performed by a displaced person. Organization/Society: The answer to the research question would help to determine whether providing work for the authorities of a country of origin is always an obstacle to benefiting from temporary protection. Therefore, it can have an impact on the practice of public administration bodies regarding their approach to providing international protection. Originality: 28% of displaced persons in Poland work remotely in Ukraine. This innovative factor has not been noted in the context of other military conflicts, but the popularization of remote work increases the likelihood that persons seeking protection would not break their ties with a country of origin. Although an issue of a need to terminate relationship with that country has already been researched in literature, there are significant differences between the 1951 Refugee Convention and Directive 2001/55/EC. These differences have not yet been analyzed. Limitations / further research: A comparative analysis of the EU Member States’ national legislations could help to determine whether there are prospects for amending EU legislation to make it clear if work performed for authorities of a country of origin in the country where the contract is concluded can be used to deny and revoke temporary protection or to limit social assistance in case of persons who perform such work.

On May 25 2024 the Advocate General Nicholas Emiliou delivered his opinion in the Case C-406/22 CV v Ministerstvo vnitra České republiky, Odbor azylové a migrační politiky on several issues regarding the application of the safe country of origin (SCO) concept. The case could have significant impact on SCO policies of several EU Member States and the rights of refugees as it addresses the possibility of designating countries as safe with territorial exceptions as well as a more active approach to judicial review of SCO designations. If adopted by the CJEU, the AG’s suggestions could serve to enhance refugee protection, though the adoption of the Pact on Migration and Asylum might possibly counteract this.

Nationality is considered a highly relevant determinant of tourism expenditure. In this paper, we use survey data to estimate the main determinants of daily tourism expenditure in 2019 for five nationalities of a major coastal destination, the Canary Islands. A total of 38 regressors, based on literature, are used with the help of quantile regression analysis to understand the behaviour patterns of different expenditure segments. To obtain segmented information on the determinants of expenditure, independent quantile regression models for each nationality are estimated and compared. Results show that there are similarities but also some remarkable differences between nationalities regarding income, age, travel group, educational level, or content of the package that can be used in destination management and marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]