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Climate change has felt by all individual now. Its impact is massive change in human daily life across countries. Therefore, it is necessary to assess students, as a youth, climate change perception. This study aimed to analyze the tenth grader students' climate change perception. This study is a quantitative design, with survey method. Using questioners, we were collected 283 high school students in Malang, Indonesia. All students are willing to giving their answer to the questions. Students were asked to rate the items based on the quality and relevance to the type of climate change perception that these items were supposed to assess on a scale from 1 (Terrible) to 5 (Excellent). The five items for each type of climate change perception were selected with 25 item questions in total. Five categories are: 1) reality (Q1-Q5), 2) causes (Q6-Q10), 3) valence of consequences (Q11-Q15), 4) spatial distances (Q16-Q20), 5) temporal distances (Q21-Q25). This study reveals that students have a belief that climate change is real. Some students have used to doing good habits to reduce energy use and have the will to tackle the crisis. Students also believe that climate change was caused by the human activities rather than natural phenomenon. Students have a good understanding of climate change, but there are still many students who have not yet taken their action to tackle climate change. From the result, we briefly argue that student's climate should be integrated in school learning in a form of climate change education to ensuring them taking their climate action in daily life.

Revegetation of former agricultural land is a key option for climate change mitigation and nature conservation. Expansion and abandonment of agricultural land is typically influenced by trends in diets and agricultural intensification, which are two key parameters in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Datasets mapping future land dynamics under different SSPs and climate change mitigation targets stem from different scenario assumptions, land data and modelling frameworks. This study aims to determine the role that these three factors play in the estimates of the evolution of cropland and pastureland in future SSPs under different climate scenarios from four main datasets largely used in the climate and land surface studies. The datasets largely agree with the representation of cropland at present-day conditions, but the identification of pastureland is ambiguous and shows large discrepancies due to the lack of a unique land-use category. Differences occur with future projections, even for the same SSP and climate target. Accounting for CO2 sequestration from revegetation of abandoned agricultural land and CO2 emissions from forest clearance due to agricultural expansion shows a net reduction in vegetation carbon stock for most SSPs considered, except SSP1. However, different datasets give differences in estimates, even when representative of the same scenario. With SSP1, the cumulative increase in carbon stock until 2050 is 3.3 GtC for one dataset, and more than double for another. Our study calls for a common classification system with improved detection of pastureland to harmonize projections and reduce variability of outcomes in environmental studies.

Peatland restoration is seen as a key nature‐based solution to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss. In Europe, nearly 50% of peatlands have been drained during the last decades, which have shifted their soils to carbon dioxide (CO2) sources. Soils of forestry‐drained peatlands are known to vary from CO2 sources to small sinks depending on their fertility and wetness. When peatlands are restored, it can be expected that rates of CO2 and methane exchange will vary depending on site fertility and wetness. We generated seven restoration pathways with different starting and end points and assessed the climate impacts of them. The GHG emission coefficients were compiled from literature, and radiative forcing was calculated for a 500‐year time period since restoration. All seven restoration pathways improved carbon sink capacity; however, the climate impact differed from cooling to warming. The highest cooling impact occurred in a pathway leading from nutrient‐rich drained peatlands toward tree‐covered spruce or pine mires. Warming impacts occurred in a pathway leading from nutrient‐poor drained peatlands toward open peatlands. The results of this study can be used to help identify peatland sites and restoration targets to maximize climate change mitigation from restoration. In practice, however, restoration has to fulfill other targets, such as biodiversity safeguarding, improvement of hydrological conditions, and socio‐economic aspects. Fulfilling all targets simultaneously requires compromises on all targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do presidential climate change narratives increase related congressional attention in the United States? Narrative theory says since narratives leverage cognitive heuristics, they should focus policy‐making attention in institutions more efficiently than non‐narrative statements. This study identifies and tests climate change statements and narratives, including those focused on solutions, or "stories of hope," and those focused on problems and victims, "stories of fear," for relationships with congressional attention using time series analysis. Findings suggest a relationship between narrative and hearings, but not for non‐narrative statements and hearings. Furthermore, while narratives are related to hearings generally, stories of fear have larger effects, but only in conditions of single party control of the US Presidency and Congress. This analysis supports theory about narratives and institutional influence and offers the additional concept of stories of fear and hope as impactful on political institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsurface gas storage is crucial for achieving a sustainable energy future, as it helps to reduce CO2 emissions and facilitates the provision of renewable energy sources. The confinement effect of the nanopores in caprock induces distinctive thermophysical properties and fluid dynamics. In this paper, we present a multi‐scale study to characterize the subsurface transport of CO2, CH4, and H2. A nanoscale‐extended volume‐translated Cubic‐Plus‐Association equation of state was developed and incorporated in a field‐scale numerical simulation, based on a full reservoir‐caprock suite model. Results suggest that in the transition from nanoscale to bulk‐scale, gas solubility in water decreases while phase density and interfacial tension increase. For the first time, a power law relationship was identified between the capillary pressure within nanopores and the pore size. Controlled by buoyancy, viscous force and capillary pressure, gases transport vertically and horizontally in reservoir and caprock. H2 has the maximum potential to move upward and the lowest areal sweep efficiency; in short term, CH4 is more prone to upward migration compared to CO2, while in long term, CH4 and CO2 perform comparably. Thicker caprock and larger caprock pore size generally bring greater upward inclination. Gases penetrate the caprock when CH4 is stored with a caprock thickness smaller than 28 m or H2 is stored with a caprock pore size of 2–10 nm or larger than 100 nm. This study sheds light on the fluid properties and dynamics in nanoconfined environment and is expected to contribute to the safe implementation of gigatonne scale subsurface gas storage. Plain Language Summary: Aiming at the ambitious targets of net‐zero emission and global energy transition, effective technologies need to be developed and deployed with huge efforts. Subsurface gas storage is expected to play a critical role in reducing CO2 emission and providing large‐scale renewable energy. However, unforeseen gas leakage can cause potential environmental risks and energy efficiency concerns. Despite its importance, the mechanisms governing gas transport and distribution within caprocks, particularly under nanoconfinement conditions, are poorly understood. From nano‐scale and bulk‐scale thermodynamic properties predictions to field‐scale numerical simulations, this work carried out a comprehensive multi‐scale analysis to evaluate the storage security of CO2, CH4, and H2. Relationships between VLE, phase density, interfacial tension, capillary pressure and pore size, temperature, pressure and wettability were discussed, offering novel perspectives on the mechanisms governing gas leakage. Furthermore, loss potentials of different gases were compared and evaluated and the impacts of caprock thickness and pore size were examined, providing valuable insights for screening eligible storage sites. Overall, this work contributes to the development of secure and reliable gas storage techniques, supporting the goals of climate change mitigation and facilitating the transition to a net‐zero energy future. Key Points: A multi‐scale analysis is carried out to assess the loss potential of CO2, CH4, and H2 during subsurface storageMigration and distribution characteristics of gases in the caprock are investigatedShort‐term and long‐term gas storage security are analyzed and compared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid population increase, urbanization, soil degradation and inappropriate management practices have put tremendous pressure on natural resources, particularly on soil, water, and vegetation. Soil resource is vital for farming to provide food and nutritional security performing ecosystem functions and services and achieving Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs). Worldwide, ~33% soil resource has been adversely degraded by diverse processes. To protect soil resource from further degradation, there is a strong need of sustainable soil management practices for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC), soil health, and crop production in a sustainable manner. "No-till farming (NT)/conservation agriculture (CA)" has been widely practiced worldwide on about 210 million ha. The long-term NT experiments play a significant role in improving soil health, SOC sequestration, and in-depth understanding of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, climate change mitigation and optimizing resource use efficiency, to cater for the needs of the present- and future-generations. According to FAO, NT/CA is a farming system that promotes minimum soil disturbance (i.e., no tillage), maintenance of a permanent soil cover, and diversification of plant species. This system increases biodiversity and natural biological processes in above- and below-ground surface, which helps in enhanced water- and nutrient use-efficiency and sustained crop production. From the literature, it is evident that shift from traditional/conventional tillage (CT) with residue burning/removal to NT/CA farming has been recognized as an important soil management practice/strategy for sustaining soil health, reducing soil erosion and reversing soil degradation. This chapter deliberates the effect of NT/CA on soil health, nutrient stratification, SOC dynamics through modeling, SOC sequestration, GHG emissions, socio-economic condition in adoption and also suggesting the future perspectives on NT and CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests are crucial for climate change mitigation as they absorb and store large amounts of carbon dioxide. In Finland, ash fertilization of drained peatland forests has been identified as part of the climate change mitigation strategy, yet it is implemented notably less than it could be. Therefore, this study aimed to identify most effective nudges, nudge+ and boosts that could steer Finnish non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners to adopt ash fertilization in their forest. Semi-structured interviews with 19 NIPF owners were analyzed using the Behaviour change wheel to identify key factors influencing owners’ willingness to engage in ash fertilization. Most factors raised by forest owners were related to reflective motivation encompassing both drivers and barriers to practicing ash fertilization. We also identified possible cognitive biases that were influencing decisions. The suggested nudges, nudge+ and boosts address both the specific concerns of the forest owners and the underlying heuristics. For example, framing ash fertilization as a standard procedure of professional forest management and including it into forest management plans could facilitate overcoming status quo bias that may hinder the adoption of novel forest management practices. These findings are directly applicable for creating nudges, nudge+ and boosts on ash fertilization for experienced, professionally managing NIPF owners with larger forest estates. Our study also offers an approach that can be adapted for broader application in environmental and climate-friendly decision-making, contributing to the growing body of literature on the intersection of behavioral science and environmental management.

The current study aims to test the usage of econometric and machine learning approaches to study the relationship between methane (CH4), a hydrocarbon component of natural gas, as a proxy of carbon emission, GDP as economic growth, financial development (FIN), and medium and high technologies as a proxy of information technology (ICT) and human development (HDI). This study observes two extended moderating effect models of human development index and financial development via medium and high technologies on carbon emissions over the 15-year periods from 2007 to 2021 for the 27 EU economies. Results indicate that when considered solely, ICT, economic growth, and HDI improve environmental quality and contribute to climate change mitigation, reducing methane emissions, whereas financial development seems to damage environmental quality. However, the crossed effects of ICT with HDI, and that of ICT with FIN, were considered in estimations, with results pointing out that those favorably affect climate change mitigation. Jointly considering ICT, HDI, and financial development proves to have a synergistic effect in promoting environmental health than each element on its own. Green and yellow countries were also identified revealing the countries for which a reduction and increase, respectively, in the value of methane emissions is predicted after three years. In the case of the entire panel, the STR (linear regression tree) algorithm predicts an average growth in methane emissions of around 3.64 %. Important policy directions are drawn considering the results obtained.

IntroductionClimate change poses numerous issues for indigenous populations in tropical cities worldwide, including reduced access to food, dwindling resources, and the proliferation of vector-borne illnesses. Indigenous communities are developing various mitigation and adaptation measures suitable for their distinct cultural and ecological demands.MethodsThis study investigates the numerous indigenous climate change mitigation strategies (ICCMSs) being deployed in tropical cities, using secondary sources of data. The methodology involved a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines, encompassing the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of relevant literature. From an initial 1,200 sources, 450 were screened, and 102 met the inclusion criteria for full-text assessment.ResultsFindings indicate that common ICCMSs in tropical cities include the use of traditional knowledge systems and materials in urban green infrastructure projects, agroforestry, sustainable urban agriculture, urban afforestation and reforestation, and indigenous technologies and innovations in waste management practices. Indigenous peoples have benefited from greater education and understanding about climate change, empowering them to take action and lower their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.DiscussionThe study recommends that governments and international organizations support these mitigation efforts, incorporate them into public policy and urban planning for indigenous communities in tropical cities, and reduce global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Further studies are suggested to assess the effectiveness of these measures and their potential to enhance climate resilience in tropical cities.

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Nanotechnology, utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) with unique physicochemical properties, has significant potential in enhancing sustainable agriculture through innovations in plant nutrition, growth, and protection.This review aims to assess how nanotechnology, particularly NPs, contributes to sustainable agriculture by improving plant nutrition and growth, enhancing stress resistance, and offering solutions for phytoremediation and agricultural efficiency.We examine studies showcasing the application of NPs in agriculture, focusing on their effects on plant growth, nutrient delivery, stress mitigation, pollutant removal, and the enhancement of food shelf life through nano‐encapsulated fertilizers and nano‐sensors.NPs have demonstrated promising results in slow‐release fertilizers for targeted nutrient delivery, improved germination and physiological activity under stress, and enhanced efficiency in phytoremediation by aiding the removal of pollutants. Nano‐sensors in food packaging detect deterioration and extend food shelf life, whereas nano‐encapsulation of agrochemicals offers environment‐friendly pest and nutrient management solutions.Nanotechnology presents a forward‐looking approach to sustainable agriculture by enhancing crop productivity, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection. Continued research is essential to unlock the full potential of NPs in agriculture, emphasizing safe and efficient application methods to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses and promote sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass estimation forms the foundation for tackling global climate issues across diverse land use systems (LUSs). A research initiative was undertaken to identify the maximum biomass allocation using an allometric approach, and to assess the carbon stock, CO2 sequestration, and carbon credit across diverse land use systems (LUSs) in the Vindhyan region of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. This study aims to address climate change by identifying land‐use strategies that stabilize income and are easily adoptable by farmers. Tropical dry deciduous forest, agriculture, plantation, horticulture and agri‐horticulture LUSs were investigated using three combinations of custard apple (Annona squamosa), guava (Psidium guajava), bael (Aegle marmelos), mustard (Giriraj) (Brassica nigra), mustard (Pitambri) (Brassica juncea), and lentil (Lens culinaris) in an agri‐horticulture system. Seven treatments with varying carbon stocks were identified: tropical dry deciduous forest (T1) LUS (TDDFLUS); wheat based agriculture (T2) LUS (WBALUS); plantation based on teak (Tectona grandis) (T3) LUS (TBPLUS); horticulture based on karonda (Carissa carandas) (T4) LUS (KBHLUS); bael + lentil (Hul‐57) (T5) LUS (BLBLUS); guava + mustard (Giriraj) (T6) LUS (GMBLUS); and custard apple + mustard (Pitambri) (T7) LUS (CAMBLUS). The results indicate that the lowest and the highest bulk densities (ρb) were recorded in TDDFLUS and WBALUS at the depths of 0–20 cm and 20‐40 cm, respectively. The mean value of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock ranged from 11.24–18.09 t ha−1. The average value of biomass, biomass carbon stock and biomass CO2 sequestration of seven treatments varied from 9.76–88.49 t ha−1, 4.88–44.25 t ha−1, and 17.91–162.39 t ha−1, respectively. The total carbon stock, CO2 sequestration, and carbon credit for the seven treatments varied from 16.57–64.64 t ha−1, 60.82–237.28 t ha−1 and 3040.821–11 863.89US$ ha−1, respectively. The results demonstrated that different LUSs have specific advantages and their application at farm level can encourage sustainability and increase biomass accumulation, leading to carbon sequestration. Agri‐horticulture‐based LUSs can lead to better livelihoods and can also offer numerous advantages such as increased yields of staple food crops and fruits, improved soil health, reduced soil erosion, and significant contributions to the mitigation of anthropogenic warming through CO2 sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public support is a key contributor to successful policy adoption and implementation. Given the urgency of climate change mitigation, scholars have explored various determinants that affect public support for climate change mitigation policy. However, the relative decisiveness of these factors in shaping public support is insufficiently examined. Therefore, we deploy interpretable machine learning to understand which factors, among many previously investigated, are most decisive for structuring public support for various climate change mitigation policies. In this paper, we particularly look at the decisiveness of problem definition for shaping public support among various factors. Using U.S national survey data, we find that how individuals define the issue of climate change is more decisive for structuring public support for promoting renewable energy and regulating pollutants to mitigate the risks associated with climate change. However, the results also indicate that the most decisive factors associated with public support vary depending on the types of mitigation policy. We conclude that different strategies should be utilized to increase public support for various climate change mitigation policy options. Our findings contribute to a scholarly understanding of the specific politics of problem definition in the context of environmental and climate change policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soils store large quantities of carbon in the subsoil (below 0.2 m depth) that is generally old and believed to be stabilized over centuries to millennia, which suggests that subsoil carbon sequestration (CS) can be used as a strategy for climate change mitigation. In this article, we review the main biophysical processes that contribute to carbon storage in subsoil and the main mathematical models used to represent these processes. Our guiding objective is to review whether a process understanding of soil carbon movement in the vertical profile can help us to assess carbon storage and persistence at timescales relevant for climate change mitigation. Bioturbation, liquid phase transport, belowground carbon inputs, mineral association, and microbial activity are the main processes contributing to the formation of soil carbon profiles, and these processes are represented in models using the diffusion–advection–reaction paradigm. Based on simulation examples and measurements from carbon and radiocarbon profiles across biomes, we found that advective and diffusive transport may only play a secondary role in the formation of soil carbon profiles. The difference between vertical root inputs and decomposition seems to play a primary role in determining the shape of carbon change with depth. Using the transit time of carbon to assess the timescales of carbon storage of new inputs, we show that only small quantities of new carbon inputs travel through the profile and can be stabilized for time horizons longer than 50 years, implying that activities that promote CS in the subsoil must take into consideration the very small quantities that can be stabilized in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and the resultant environmental deterioration signify one of the most challenging problems facing humankind in the 21st century. The origins of climate change are multifaceted and rooted in anthropogenic activities, resulting in increasing greenhouse gases in the environment and leading to global warming and weather drifts. Extremophilic fungi, characterized by their exceptional properties to survive extreme habitats, harbor great potential in mitigating climate change effects. This review provides insight into the potential applications of extremophilic fungi in climate change mitigation strategies. They are able to metabolize organic biomass and degrade carbon compounds, thereby safely sequestering carbon and extenuating its release into the environment as noxious greenhouse gases. Furthermore, they possess extremozymes, which break down recalcitrant organic species, including lignocellulosic biomass and hydrocarbons. Enzymatic machinery equips these extremophilic fungi to perform the bioremediation of polluted environments. Extremophilic fungi can also be exploited for various biological interventions, such as biofuels, bioplastics, and other bioprocessing applications. However, these fungi characterize a valued but underexplored resource in the arsenal of climate change mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research claims that 'the most significant risk' to achieving climate change mitigation goals is the 'governance trap', whereby governments and the public attribute responsibility for action to one another. While it is well documented that individuals call for political action on climate change, there is limited knowledge about how politicians attribute responsibility for climate change mitigation. The present study examines whether there is evidence of a 'governance trap' in Norway, by using two online surveys to compare how politicians (N = 1211) and the population (N = 2030) attribute responsibility for climate change mitigation to individuals, the local and regional authorities, the national authorities, the international community, and business and industry. Contrary to expectations, politicians and the population attribute responsibility to the actors in the same order. Thereby, the study contests the assumption that governments attribute primary responsibility for climate change mitigation to the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover crops have the potential to mitigate climate change by reducing negative impacts of agriculture on ecosystems. This study is first to quantify the net climate change mitigation impact of cover crops including land-use effects. A systematic literature and data review was conducted to identify major drivers for climate benefits and costs of cover crops in maize (Zea maize L.) production systems. The results indicate that cover crops lead to a net climate change mitigation impact (NCCMI) of 3.30 Mg CO2e ha-1 a-1. We created four scenarios with different impact weights of the drivers and all of them showing a positive NCCMI. Carbon land benefit, the carbon opportunity costs based on maize yield gains following cover crops, is the major contributor to the NCCMI (34.5% of all benefits). Carbon sequestration is the second largest contributor (33.8%). The climate costs of cover crops are mainly dominated by emissions from their seed production and foregone benefits due to land use for cover crops seeds. However, these two costs account for only 15.8% of the benefits. Extrapolating these results, planting cover crops before all maize acreage in the EU results in a climate change mitigation of 49.80 million Mg CO2e a-1, which is equivalent to 13.0% of the EU's agricultural emissions. This study highlights the importance of incorporating cover crops into sustainable cropping systems to minimize the agricultural impact to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of integrating biodiversity into climate change mitigation efforts. It highlights six key points where biodiversity can improve climate change mitigation, including the conservation of carbon stocks and sinks, biodiverse restoration, integrated conservation of local fauna and flora, using existing areas of agriculture and silviculture, incorporating biodiversity into business models, and holding joint biodiversity-climate conferences. The article emphasizes the need for a more integrated approach to address the climate and biodiversity crises and calls for urgent action to protect and restore ecosystems. [Extracted from the article]

Urban studies have shown that the affordances, constraints and forms of urban climate change mitigation often emerge from 'entrepreneurial' modes of governance that have developed in post-Fordist cities. However, comparative research stresses that concepts focused on the growing power of private capital under neoliberalisation are inadequate to comprehend developments in German cities. In this article, we argue that municipally owned corporations occupy critical positions in climate change mitigation governance. While municipal ownership of utilities in principle increases local governance capacities, municipally owned corporations' roles are shaped by fiscal relations and asymmetric organisational capacities between 'agents' and 'principals'. In the case of Cologne, we show that the city has failed to leverage ownership over its public energy utility to decarbonise energy provision. Managers were able to assert corporate interests in the face of fragmented political actors and entrenched fiscal crisis. In this context of political incapacity and fragmentation, environmental social movements become important actors for translating widely shared decarbonisation objectives into concrete political demands towards municipally owned corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reality of climate change is a fact that cannot be disputed. Its impact is felt globally on nature and humans. Drought, flooding, delayed or excessive rainfall, extreme heat conditions, rising sea levels, hurricanes, etc., have been linked to global warming and climate change. Anthropogenic activities, especially in energy exploitation, are a major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) driving climate change. As such, to combat climate change, continued energy sourcing from fossil fuels with the emission of greenhouse gases must be replaced by cleaner renewable energy (RE) options. Climate change and its effects are a global phenomenon and require concerted effort by all nations to combat. Nigeria is one of the countries most affected by climate change given frequent floodings and other climate change related problems. Also, Nigeria is a signatory to the Paris Climate Accord. However, the country is facing severe electricity shortages necessitating increased use of fossil fuels. How can Nigeria meet its commitment to climate change mitigation and the energy need in the country? This paper reviews the current energy situation in Nigeria, the Nigerian RE program, the RE resources in Nigeria, climate change mitigation initiatives, the challenges of RE technologies in Nigeria, and proposes the way forward. The study identifies RE potentials like wind, biomass, hydro, and solar technologies, and how they could be harnessed for climate change mitigation. Increasing the use of such energy resources in Nigeria will drastically cut down emissions of carbon dioxide, and in that way, stem climate change. In conclusion, the paper enumerates recommendations to conserve the present energy generated in the country using energy-efficient products and practices.