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The document discusses the intersection of biomedical technology and artificial intelligence, highlighting the challenges faced by modern healthcare, the transition to proactive medicine, and the role of AI in diagnosis, treatment, and drug discovery. It emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine, surgical robotics, and administrative automation in healthcare. The document also presents various research articles focusing on innovative applications of AI in healthcare, such as radiation dose tracking, EMG signal classification, and telemonitoring systems for chronic kidney disease patients. The editorial underscores the global collaboration needed to advance biomedical research and transition to Medicine 3.0. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze a multiple-marker panel consisting of 55 morphofunctional and biochemical markers in 123 patients diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The goal of this study was to identify novel pathogenetic landmarks and diagnostic predictors associated with NSTEMI. Methods: The study includes 123 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI based on ESC Guidelines criteria. Clinical characteristics, morphofunctional markers, and serum levels of 53 biochemical markers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, cellular injury, hemostasis, and myocardial remodeling were assessed. A control group of 47 healthy individuals was included for comparison. Results: NSTEMI patients exhibited an activated inflammatory status, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Notable increases in inflammation markers, alterations in adipokines, and changes in oxidative stress markers were observed. Endothelial dysfunction markers indicated vascular remodeling and dysfunction. Cellular injury markers, including cMyBP-C, suggested myocardial necrotic injury. Hemostasis markers showed impaired anticoagulant systems, and ECM remodeling markers indicated increased matrix metalloproteinases. Conclusion: The multiple-marker panel provides insights into novel pathogenetic entities associated with NSTEMI. Markers such as MPO, MMP-8, E-selectin, PhA2, Ang 2, FE, MF, and cMyBP-C demonstrate potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of NSTEMI pathogenesis and offers potential targets for therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potato is a key crop in addressing global hunger, and deep learning is at the core of smart agriculture. Applying deep learning (e.g., YOLO series, ResNet, CNN, LSTM, etc.) in potato production can enhance both yield and economic efficiency. Therefore, researching efficient deep learning models for potato production is of great importance. Common application areas for deep learning in the potato production chain, aimed at improving yield, include pest and disease detection and diagnosis, plant health status monitoring, yield prediction and product quality detection, irrigation strategies, fertilization management, and price forecasting. The main objective of this review is to compile the research progress of deep learning in various processes of potato production and to provide direction for future research. Specifically, this paper categorizes the applications of deep learning in potato production into four types, thereby discussing and introducing the advantages and disadvantages of deep learning in the aforementioned fields, and it discusses future research directions. This paper provides an overview of deep learning and describes its current applications in various stages of the potato production chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial assemblages under the sea ice of the Dease Strait, Canadian Arctic, were sequenced for metagenomes of a small size fraction (0.2–3 μm). The community from early March was typical for this season, with Alpha‐ and Gammaproteobacteria as the dominant taxa, followed by Thaumarchaeota and Bacteroidetes. Toward summer, Bacteroidetes, and particularly the genus Polaribacter, became increasingly dominant, followed by the Gammaproteobacteria. Analysis of genes responsible for microbial acquisition of iron showed an abundance of ABC transporters for divalent cations and ferrous iron. The most abundant transporters, however, were the outer membrane TonB‐dependent transporters of iron‐siderophore complexes. The abundance of iron acquisition genes suggested this element was essential for the microbial assemblage. Interestingly, Gammaproteobacteria were responsible for most of the siderophore synthesis genes. On the contrary, Bacteroidetes did not synthesize siderophores but accounted for most of the transporters, suggesting a role as cheaters in the competition for siderophores as public goods. This cheating ability of the Bacteroidetes may have contributed to their dominance in the summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at high risk of major adverse limb events (MALEs) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). CHA2DS2-VASc is a prognostic score for atrial fibrillation stroke risk; however, no study has evaluated its predictive ability for MALEs and MACEs in PAD patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients from Taiwan with PAD. The patients were stratified into four risk groups based on their modified CHA2DS2-VASc score. Cox proportional hazard models, 10-fold cross-validation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were utilized to evaluate the predictive ability of CHA2DS2-VASc for MALEs, MACEs, and MALEs + MACEs. Kaplan–Meier analysis estimated the survival probability of the risk groups. CHA2DS2-VASc was found to be a significant predictor of MACEs (hazard ratio (HR) 3.52 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00–12.12; p = 0.048), HR 4.18 (95% CI 1.19–14.36; p = 0.023), and HR 5.08 (95% CI 1.49–17.36; p = 0.009), for moderate-, high-, and very high-risk groups, respectively), while for MALEs and MALEs + MACEs, significance was achieved only for the high-risk group using a univariate model. For the multivariate adjusted model, the score was found to be a significant predictor of MACEs for only the very high-risk group, with an HR of 4.67 (95% CI 1.03–21.09; p = 0.045). The score demonstrated an AUC > 0.8, good discrimination (c-index > 0.8), and good calibration for predicting MACEs. However, it failed to achieve good performance for predicting MALEs and MALEs + MACEs. Based on all of the findings, CHA2DS2-VASc could potentially serve as a risk stratification score for predicting MACEs in patients with PAD, but it failed to qualify as a good predictor for MALEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its association with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) presents challenges in early identification and treatment. Although existing risk factors, biomarkers, genetic variants, and imaging parameters predict MACE, emerging factors may be more decisive. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques (ML) offer a promising avenue for more effective AF evolution prediction. Five ML models were developed to obtain predictors of MACE in AF patients. Two-thirds of the data were used for training, employing diverse approaches and optimizing to minimize prediction errors, while the remaining third was reserved for testing and validation. AdaBoost emerged as the top-performing model (accuracy: 0.9999; recall: 1; F1 score: 0.9997). Noteworthy features influencing predictions included the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), diabetes mellitus, cancer, the Wells scale, and CHA2DS2-VASc, with specific associations identified. Elevated MACE risk was observed, with a CCI score exceeding 2.67 ± 1.31 (p < 0.001), CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4.62 ± 1.02 (p < 0.001), and an intermediate-risk Wells scale classification. Overall, the AdaBoost ML offers an alternative predictive approach to facilitate the early identification of MACE risk in the assessment of patients with AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron (Fe) is an essential element in several fundamental cellular processes. Although present in high amounts in the Earth's crust, Fe can be a scarce element due to its low bioavailability. To mitigate Fe limitation, microorganism (bacteria and fungi) and grass plant biosynthesis and secret secondary metabolites, called siderophores, with capacity to chelate Fe(III) with high affinity and selectivity. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge concerning the production of siderophores by bacteria. The main siderophore types and corresponding siderophore-producing bacteria are summarized. A concise outline of siderophore biosynthesis, secretion and regulation is given. Important aspects to be taken into account in the selection of a siderophore-producing bacterium, such as biological safety, complexing properties of the siderophores and amount of siderophores produced are summarized and discussed. An overview containing recent scientific advances on culture medium formulation and cultural conditions that influence the production of siderophores by bacteria is critically presented. The recovery, purification and processing of siderophores are outlined. Potential applications of siderophores in different sectors including agriculture, environment, biosensors and the medical field are sketched. Finally, future trends regarding the production and use of siderophores are discussed. Key points : • An overview of siderophore production by bacteria is critically presented • Scientific advances on factors that influence siderophores production are discussed • Potential applications of siderophores, in different fields, are outlined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of vacuum packaging for fresh meat with low rate of turnover in the supermarket shelves, as it is the case of lamb meat in Spain, is recommended. Because the amount of mandatory information on fresh‐meat labels has increased, there is a need to design new labels to enhance the support for this information. Therefore, to anticipate the consumer's acceptance of vacuum packaging and the preferences for newly designed labels is of vital importance. This is the objective of the paper; in particular, it measures the consumers' relative importance of the vacuum packaging and different labels in relation to other important lamb‐meat characteristics (type of cut, price, and regional indication). To do that, a choice experiment was used and an error‐component random‐parameter model with correlated errors was estimated. Results suggest that consumers positively value all of the attributes except for the new designed labels. In particular, consumers positively value the vacuum packaging but to lesser extent than other lamb‐meat attributes such as the type of cut, the protected geographical indication certification, and the price. However, consumers only value the vacuum packaging in the case of fresh lamb meat with a protected geographical indication certification. Moreover, this valuation is higher for older consumers who use, to a higher extent, their own direct appraisal of the meat and the information on the label when shopping and give less importance to the presence of liquid around the meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European hake (Merluccius merluccius) is a highly valuable and intensely fished species in which a long-term alive stock has been established in captivity for aquaculture purposes. Due to their huge economic importance, genetic studies on hakes were mostly focused on phylogenetic and phylogeographic aspects; however chromosome numbers are still not described for any of the fifteen species in the genus Merluccius. In this work we report a chromosome number of 2n = 42 and a karyotype composed of three meta/submetacentric and 18 subtelo/telocentric chromosome pairs. Telomeric sequences appear exclusively at both ends of every single chromosome. Concerning rRNA genes, this species show a single 45S rDNA cluster at an intercalary location on the long arm of subtelocentric chromosome pair 12; the single 5S rDNA cluster is also intercalary to the long arm of chromosome pair 4. While U2 snRNA gene clusters map to a single subcentromeric position on chromosome pair 13, U1 snRNA gene clusters seem to appear on almost all chromosome pairs, but showing bigger clusters on pairs 5, 13, 16, 17 and 19. The brightest signals on pair 13 are coincident with the single U2 snRNA gene cluster signals. Therefore, the use of these probes allows the unequivocal identification of at least 7 of the chromosome pairs that compose the karyotype of Merluccius merluccius thus opening the way to integrate molecular genetics and cytological data on the study of the genome of this important species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the indirect effect of paediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination on people ≥65 years of age with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Catalonia and to determine factors predictive of mortality., Methods: During 2014-2016, 1285 IPD cases were reported to the Public Health Agency of Catalonia. The indirect effect of paediatric PCV13 vaccination was calculated by comparing the incidence rate (IR) in 2016 (PCV13 year) with that in 2009 (pre-PCV13). Predictors of mortality were determined using multivariate logistic regression., Results: Comparing 2016 and 2009, IPD decreased by 19% (IR 40.1 and 32.5 per 100 000 person-years, respectively). PCV13 serotypes decreased by 57% (IR 23.7 and 10.1), while non-PCV13 serotypes increased by 36% (IR 16.4 and 22.4). During 2014-2016, the mortality rate was 17.5%, and mortality was associated with age ≥85 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89, 4.48), meningitis (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.25, 4.19), non-focal bacteraemia (aOR 3.73, 95% CI 2.00, 6.94), and ≥1 high-risk condition (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.08, 3.32). PPV23non13 serotypes were associated with lower mortality than PCV13 serotypes (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34, 0.86)., Conclusions: The incidence of IPD in people ≥65 years of age decreased after the introduction of paediatric PCV13, and this was due to a reduction in PCV13 serotypes, although an increase in non-PCV13 serotypes was observed. Mortality was associated with age, meningitis, non-focal bacteraemia, ≥1 high-risk condition, and PCV13 serotypes., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) 2012 meeting including "The outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in AML patients with monosomal karyotypes," by J. H. Moon and colleagues, "Reconstitution of human herpes virus 6 (HHV6)-specific T-cell immunity after paediatric HSCT," by T. Mina and colleagues, and "Examples of the use of stem cells from cord blood in Poland," by T. Oldak and colleagues.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) 2012 meeting including "Improved survival in AML patients with a high FLT3-ITD mutation rate after allogeneic transplantation," by H. Wandt and colleagues, ""Non-transplant" treatment approaches for AML," by F. Ravandi, and "Rapamycin prevents experimental sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice," by L. Belle and colleagues.

The article discusses a study which examined the impact of damp-heat aging on properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and their blends. Particular focus is given to the assessment of changes in the structure and properties of copolymer blends using differential scanning calorimeter and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Results of the study showed that the incorporation of oxygen into the polymeric chain of EVA has led to the increase of carbonyl index.

Fish and seafood substitution has become an important concern in domestic and international marketplaces, in part due to increased international trade, per capita seafood consumption, and production of processed foods. In many cases, seafood substitution is a form of economic deception, where highly prized species are substituted with those of lesser value. To prevent illegal species substitution, a number of DNA-based methods have been developed to detect fish and seafood species in commercial products. These methods, along with common gene targets, have been reviewed previously in this journal. The current article is meant to build upon earlier discussions by providing a comprehensive review of the application of these DNA-based methods to the discovery of fish and seafood substitution on the commercial market. Popular food uses, potential substitution cases, and peer-reviewed research articles published to date are discussed for all major species groups of concern, including flatfish, gadoids, scombroids, salmonids, percoids, sturgeons, sharks, eels, and bivalves. The use of DNA-based methods to monitor commercial whale meat products is also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of species substitution has become an important topic within the food industry and there is a growing need for rapid, reliable, and reproducible tests to verify species in commercial fish and seafood products. Increases in international trade and global seafood consumption, along with fluctuations in the supply and demand of different fish and seafood species, have resulted in intentional product mislabeling. The effects of species substitution are far-reaching and include economic fraud, health hazards, and illegal trade of protected species. To improve detection of commercial seafood fraud, a variety of DNA-based techniques have been developed, including Multiplex PCR, FINS, PCR-RFLP, PCR-RAPD, PCR-AFLP, and PCR-SSCP, which are all based on polymorphisms in the genetic codes of different species. These techniques have been applied in the differentiation of many types of fish and seafood species, such as gadoids, salmonids, scombroids, and bivalves. Some emerging technologies in this field include the use of real-time PCR, lab-on-a-chip, and DNA microarray chips. In this review article, the major DNA-based methods currently employed in the authentication of commercial fish and seafood species are discussed and future trends are highlighted. Examples of commercial applications and the use of online database resources are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Cytochrome b has been successfully employed for genetic identification of four species of anchovies (Engraulis spp) using two methodologies: PCR–RFLP and FINS. The first method allowed the identification of Engraulis anchoita, Engraulis ringens and Engraulis japonicus–Engraulis encrasicolus. In some cases, with a determined restriction profile, this technique was able to differentiate E. japonicus from E. encrasicolus. The second method allowed the identification of those four species and demonstrates that FINS is a suitable technique for the identification of all species studied in this work. Phylogenetic trees show that sequences of E. encrasicolus are grouped into two different clusters. These results are consistent with the previously published data which suggest that some species of genus Engraulis could be cryptic species, being one specie or population distributed in the oceanic habitat and the other one around the coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We studied the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and serotype distribution in a region with intermediate levels of vaccination (around 64% in children aged <2 years)., Methods: Surveillance data on IPD cases reported by microbiologists participating in the Microbiological Reporting System of Catalonia during 2006-2014 were analysed. We compared estimated incidence rate (IR) ratios for serotypes included in PCV7, PCV10non7, PCV13non10 and non-PCV13 between the PCV7 (2006-2009) and PCV13 periods (2010-2014). IR were corrected for missing serotypes according to year and age groups: <2 years, 2-4 years, 5-64 years and ≥65 years., Results: A total of 9338 IPD cases were reported. Overall IPD incidence declined by 26.2% (from 16.4 to 12.1) in the PCV13 period. The largest decrease was observed in children aged 2-4 years (44.5%, from 37.4 to 20.8). Pneumonia fell in all age groups with the largest reduction in children aged 2-4 years (49.3%) and <2 years (42%). PCV13 serotypes decreased significantly in all age groups, from 52% (31.6 to 15.1) in children aged 2-4 years to 35% (22.8 to 14.8) in adults aged ≥65 years. Non-PCV13 serotypes rose by 13% (14.8 to 16.8) in people aged ≥65 years., Conclusions: In a region with intermediate vaccination coverage, the introduction of PCV13 has reduced the overall incidence of IPD, mainly due to the decrease in PCV13 serotypes in all age groups, suggesting herd immunity. Non-PCV13 serotypes have increased in adults aged ≥65 years, suggesting serotype replacement. Higher PCV13 vaccination coverage in children will further reduce IPD incidence in all age groups., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Vibrio neptunius is an important pathogen of bivalve mollusks worldwide. Several metalloproteases have been described as virulence factors in species of Vibrio that are pathogenic to bivalves, but little is known about the contribution of these potential virulence factors to Vibrio neptunius pathogenesis. In silico analysis of the genome of V. neptunius strain PP-145.98 led to the identification of two hitherto uncharacterized chromosomal loci encoding a probable vibriolysin-like metalloprotease and a putative collagenase, which were designated VnpA and ColA, respectively. Single defective mutants of each gene were obtained in V. neptunius PP-145.98, and the phospholipase, esterase and collagenase activities were studied and compared with those of the wild-type strain. The results showed that the single inactivation of vnpA resulted in a 3-fold reduction in phospholipase/esterase activity. Inactivation of colA reduced the collagenase activity by 50%. Finally, infection challenges performed in oyster larvae showed that ΔvnpA and ΔcolA—single mutant strains of V. neptunius—are between 2–3-fold less virulent than the wild-type strain. Thus, the present work demonstrates that the production of both VnpA and ColA is required for the full virulence of the bivalve pathogen V. neptunius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the preferences of food consumers is key for adapting supply and demand. This adaptation of supply is dynamic rather than static, given that it develops over time and is influenced by both social and economic factors. This work presents an analysis of the development of lamb meat consumption at two points in time, 2004 and 2014, before and in the midst of the economic crisis in Spain (2007–2017). Our findings show that together with the external appearance and against the backdrop of an economic recession, price has a greater impact on consumers' purchasing decisions than origin and quality seals, despite these being attributes that are traditionally used as a guarantee of food safety and traceability. This suggests that in times of economic crisis consumer preferences shift towards attributes that are less related to product quality. Nonetheless, the comparison of the consumer segments for each of the years under study revealed that age and level of education are the socioeconomic factors that most influence the preferences of lamb meat consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]