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Abstract Plants growing at high densities can detect competitors through changes in the composition of light reflected by neighbours. In response to this far-red-enriched light, plants elicit adaptive shade avoidance responses for light capture, but these need to be balanced against other input signals, such as nutrient availability. Here, we investigated how Arabidopsis integrates shade and nitrate signalling. We unveiled that nitrate modulates shade avoidance via a previously unknown shade response pathway that involves root-derived trans-zeatin (tZ) signal and the BEE1 transcription factor as an integrator of light and cytokinin signalling. Under nitrate-sufficient conditions, tZ promotes hypocotyl elongation specifically in the presence of supplemental far-red light. This occurs via PIF transcription factors-dependent inhibition of type-A ARRs cytokinin response inhibitors. Our data thus reveal how plants co-regulate responses to shade cues with root-derived information about nutrient availability, and how they restrict responses to this information to specific light conditions in the shoot.

There is a continuous interest in cannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Previous experimental research has described the conversion of CBD to either Δ8-THC or Δ9-THC, depending on the acid catalyst applied. The use of para-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) has led to the formation of Δ8-THC, while boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·Et2O) has mainly yielded Δ9-THC. The enormous difference in product selectivity between these two catalysts was investigated with Molecular Modeling, applying quantum chemical density functional theory. It was found that pTSA leads to fast isomerization of Δ9-CBD to Δ8-CBD and subsequent ring closure to Δ8-THC. BF3·Et2O catalysis leads to the formation of tertiary carbenium ions in the transition states, which yield Δ9-THC and some iso THC. Under dry conditions in refluxing toluene, it was found that pTSA is predominantly present as a dimer, and only a small fraction is available as monomeric catalyst. Applying the computationally derived activation barriers in transition state theory yielded reaction rates that predicted the amounts of cannabinoids that are in close agreement with the experimental findings from the previous literature.

The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) has gained interest as an approach to make significant contributions to the transformation towards more liveable, sustainable, and climate-resilient cities. However, the uptake of NbS into urban development practice is hindered by knowledge and governance barriers. Knowledge plays an essential role in evidence-based decision-making processes and in building the capacity to co-design sustainable pathways. In turn, governance processes can greatly support the acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge. However, little is known about how these interactions between governance and knowledge manifest in practice. Therefore, we aim to understand the interplay between governance and monitoring & assessment (M&A) and the associated challenges and opportunities for NbS implementation in European and Latin American cities. Considering different socio-economic and cultural contexts allows us to draw from a wider range of practitioners’ experiences in different governance settings. We conducted an explorative qualitative content analysis on ten semi-structured expert interviews with thirteen city experts from local governments and academia based in seven cities: Bogota (CO), Buenos Aires (AR), Santiago (CL), São Paulo (BR), Barcelona (ES), Lisbon (PT) and Turin (IT). Our findings show that M&A provides agency for individual, institutional actors to steer political commitment and can support integrated working. The potential of collaborative M&A with non-governmental actors is still largely untapped, which requires acknowledgement of the capacities of non-governmental actors to contribute to M&A and raise awareness of the value of M&A to civil society. Furthermore, we recommend integrating more reflective learning opportunities in M&A processes, paying more attention to data sharing, and considering of more feasible M&A processes.

The aim of this study was to gain insight in knowledge mobilization (KM) in educational research, focusing on the type of collaboration, the strategies and the conditions. KM reflects the interaction and relationship between educational research and practice and requires specific effort over time. We studied 69 research reports and held 12 group interviews with consortia of researchers and teachers. Results show that the research projects could be characterized as researcher-directed or school-and- researcher directed collaboration. Strategies for KM found in these collaborations were mainly ‘transferring’ and ‘implementing’. ‘Co-creation’ as a strategy was found more often in school- and researcher collaboration projects. Finally, the conditions enabling or constraining KM were found at the level of research knowledge, the individual teacher and researcher, school organization, research organization, consortium, and communication. Implications for future research are discussed.

Abstract Twenty percent of children with T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) will relapse and have an extremely poor outcome. Currently, we can identify a genetically low‐risk subgroup in pediatric T‐LBL, yet these high‐risk patients who need intensified or alternative treatment options remain undetected. Therefore, there is an urgent need to recognize these high‐risk T‐LBL patients through identification of molecular characteristics and biomarkers. By using RNA sequencing which was performed in 29/49 T‐LBL patients who were diagnosed in the Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology between 2018 and 2023, we discovered a previously unknown high‐risk biological subgroup of children with T‐LBL. This subgroup is characterized by NOTCH1 gene fusions, found in 21% of our T‐LBL cohort (6/29). All patients presented with a large mediastinal mass, pleural/pericardial effusions, and absence of blasts in the bone marrow, blood, and central nervous system. Blood CCL17 (C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 17, TARC) levels were measured at diagnosis in 26/29 patients, and all six patients with NOTCH1 gene fusions patients exclusively expressed highly elevated blood CCL17 levels, defining a novel and previously not known clinically relevant biomarker for T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Four out of these six patients relapsed during therapy, a fifth developed a therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia during maintenance therapy. These data indicate that T‐LBL patients with a NOTCH1 fusion have a high risk of relapse which can be easily identified using a blood CCL17 screening at diagnosis. Further molecular characterization through NOTCH1 gene fusion analysis offers these patients the opportunity for treatment intensification or new treatment strategies.

Objectives Interhospital patient transfers have become routine. Known drivers are access to specialty care and non-clinical reasons, such as limited capacity. While emergency medical services (EMS) providers act as main patient transfer operators, the impact of interhospital transfers on EMS service demand and fleet management remains understudied. This study aims to identify patterns in regional interhospital patient transfer volumes and their spatial distribution, and to discuss their potential implications for EMS service demand and fleet management.Design A retrospective study was performed analysing EMS transport data from the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2019 and public hospital listings. Yearly volume changes in urgent and planned interhospital transfers were quantified. Further network analysis, including geomapping, was used to study how transfer volumes and their spatial distribution relate to hospital specialisation, and servicing multihospital systems. Organisational data were considered for relating transfer patterns to fleet changes.Setting EMS in the province of Drenthe, the Netherlands, 492 167 inhabitants.Participants Analyses are based on routinely collected patient data from EMS records, entailing all 248 114 transports (137 168 patients) of the Drenthe EMS provider (2013–2019). From these interhospital transports were selected (24 311 transports).Results Interhospital transfers represented a considerable (9.8%) and increasing share of transports (from 8.6% in 2013 to 11.3% in 2019). Most transfers were related to multihospital systems (47.3%, 11 509 transports), resulting in a considerable growth of planned EMS transports (from 2093 in 2013 to 3511 in 2019). Geomapping suggests increasing transfer distances and diminishing resource efficiencies due to lacking follow-up rides. Organisational data clarify how EMS fleets were adjusted by expanding resources and reorganising fleet operation.Conclusions Emerging interhospital network transfers play an important role in EMS service demand. Increased interhospital transport volumes and geographical spread require a redesign of current EMS fleets and management along regional lines.

Technological advances in radiation therapy impact on the role and scope of practice of the radiation therapist. The European Society of Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) recently held two workshops on this topic and this position paper reflects the outcome of this workshop, which included radiation therapists from all global regions.Workflows, quality assurance, research, IGRT and ART as well as clinical decision making are the areas of radiation therapist practice that will be highly influenced by advancing technology in the near future. This position paper captures the opportunities that this will bring to the radiation therapist profession, to the practice of radiation therapy and ultimately to patient care.