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Complex breast cysts (CBC) are characterized by a high (up to 31.0%) oncological potential and the need for a biopsy. In some clinical situations, navigating a biopsy using mammography (MG), ultrasound (US), endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be difficult. The first case of stereotaxic core-needle biopsy (sCNB) under pneumocystography (PCG) guide is presented.

Background. Complex cysts of the breast (CCB), in contrast to simple and complicated cysts, are characterized by a high (up to 31.0%) oncological potential. Mammography and ultrasound (US) as the most common methods of radiological diagnosis do not allow to classify CCB on benign and malignant, and in the case of breast cancer (BC) are not detected the establishment of its molecular genetic subtype. Objectives: to analyze and popularize own experience of using endoscopic mammocystoscopy (EMCS) and X-ray pneumocystography (RPCG) for the diagnosis of CCB and biopsy navigation. Materials and methods. The clinical and anamnestic data, the results of radiological, endoscopic and pathomorphological studies in 286 adult women with simple, complicated breast cysts and CCB were analyzed (n = 45, 134 and 142, respectively). Results. The diagnostic and navigation capabilities of US are limited by frequent (18.1%) false-negative results, which are caused by atypical echosemiotics of CCB. Trepan-biopsy under US control becomes impossible when visualization of the CCB disappears, which often occurs during fine-needle aspiration of the liquid component. Technical difficulties arise when imitating a puncture needle with linear hyperechoic structures induced by Cooper’s ligaments, as well as when positioning the CCB in a bulky, non-fixed gland. In terms of diagnostic specificity and prognostic significance of a negative result, RPCG is slightly (5.6 and 4.7%, respectively) inferior to US and in certain clinical situations it can be used to assess the likelihood of BC, and in case of positive results for navigate a stereotaxic сore needle biopsy. EMCS is a low-traumatic procedure that provides direct visual contact with intracystic neoplasms, allows assessing the probability of BC and conducting a pinch biopsy. Conclusions. The consistent combined use of well-known and author’s methods with the involvement of US, RPCG and EMCS according to the given algorithm ensures effective management of CCB at the modern level.

Background: Cystic lesions of the breast are generally classified as simple, complicated or complex. A complex breast cyst is however defined as a lesion which contains both cystic (anechoic) and solid (echogenic) components. There is a need to understand the sonographic criteria and differential diagnoses of complex cysts which have varying risks of malignancy, as against simple or complicated cysts which are typically benign. Objectives: To examine the sonographic subdivisions of complex breast cysts, correlating with histopathological diagnosis as seen in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of 106 women who had complex breast cysts diagnosed on high resolution ultrasound (Mindray DC-8, 2013; transducer frequency 7.5-12 MHz). The lesions were categorized as: Type 1 (cysts with thick wall or septa), Type 2 (cysts with a small mural nodule), Type 3 (cystic and solid lesion with >50% cystic component), Type 4 (cystic and solid lesion with >50% solid component). The final diagnosis was either by short term ultrasound follow-up, Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology/core biopsy or excision biopsy. Results: Out of a total of 248 patients with breast cysts, 106 women had complex cysts. 27 (25.4%) patients had cysts with either thick wall or septa or both; 11 (10.4%) had a small intra-mural nodule; 14 (13.2%) had solid-cystic mass with >50% cystic component and 54 (50.9%) had solid-cystic mass with >50% solid component. Overall 66% were benign while 34% were malignant. The commonest pathology to present as a complex breast cyst was invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified. Conclusion: Complex cysts are associated with varying risks of malignancy. Also, a certain pathology could exhibit sonographic features of any of the subdivisions (Type 1-4). Therefore, meticulous attention should be paid to other associated imaging findings as well as detailed history and thorough clinical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romak R. P. Recurrent breast cysts. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):91-95. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19222 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A91-95 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/577101 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19222 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.04.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 30.06.2015. Recurrent breast cysts Romak R. P. Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract The purpose of the study to determine the frequency of recurrence of breast cysts. The study was conducted on the basis of Odessa regional clinical hospital (Odessa, Ukraine). Medical records of 300 records of patients treated at the hospital in 2010-2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis of frequency of recurrent cysts as well as the main trends in the choice of methods of diagnosis and treatment was conducted. The average age of patients was 38,3 ± 0,7 years. In order to use diagnostic mammography (33.5%), ultrasound investigation (50.5%), a combination of ultrasound and mammography (16.0%). The diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration puncture, which is performed under visual control at 20.5%, under ultrasound guidance - in 79.5% of patients. The recurrence rate was 41.5%, in 3.0% of cases have been repeated relapses. Sectoral resection is considered to be a treatment of choice for recurrent breast cysts. Key words: breast cysts, diagnosis, surgery.

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in which early breast cancer detection by the help of imaging can improve the treatment outcome. Thermography utilizes infrared beams which are fast, non-invasive, and non-contact and the output created images by this technique are flexible and useful to monitor the temperature of the human body. Case presentation: Our patient is a 25-year-old woman who was referred to Tehran's Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in October 2014 and June 2017 to perform clinical examinations of breast cancer at the Invasive and New Radiology Research Center of Tehran. The results of the sonography for the left breast and bilateral axillary regions and sonography guided biopsy from the left axillary region indicated that: it was consistent with the tangential prominence at 11-12 O’ clock in the left breast tissue and echo gene was found without any suspected findings. Then, using the non-contact infrared imaging camera VisIR 640 (Thermoteknix Systems Ltd, Cambridge, UK), the feasibility of thermography method in the patient's follow-up was investigated. Conclusion: Thermography can be used to detect abnormal areas in the breast tissue that may have cystic origin. The results indicated that the accuracy of the identification and matching of patient cysts in mammography and ultrasonography with the results of thermography in both periods of October 2014 and June 2017. Considering the results, it is noteworthy that the diagnostic clock of the breast cysts in the patient is consistent with the results of the clinical trials with the thermography. Moreover, in a 2 years intervals, the status of thermal morphology status of the cystic region did not considerably change which showed a relatively stable status.

Tonkoglas A. A., Sykal N. A., Sykal I. N., Kolesnik V. P., Sivozhelezov A. V. The influence of testing algorithm for the tactics of surgical intervention in the breast cysts. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):680-684. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.212980 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4089 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 30.11.2016. The influence of testing algorithm for the tactics of surgical intervention in the breast cysts A. A. Tonkoglas, N. A. Sykal, I. N. Sykal, V. P. Kolesnik, A. V. Sivozhelezov Kharkiv National Medical University surgerydepartment №2 Abstract 112 women investigation with cystic forms of mastopathyis performed. It is revealed, that ultrasonic investigations is a highly effective method of mastopathy diagnostics. Ultrasonic diagnostic criteria at suspicion on malignizationagainst the background fibrous-cystic mastopathyare established. The differential order is definedduring pathological conditions, the diagnostic algorithm is developed. Sensitivity of ultrasonic investigation at mastopathyhas made 90,0±2,6 %. Keywords: cancer of breast, mastopathy, diagnostics, ultrasonography, mammography.

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single-session ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy in simple breast cysts.METHODSFrom January 2002 to January 2014, 35 simple breast cysts (mean volume, 8.2 mL; range, 4–33 mL) in 28 females (mean age, 39 years) were evaluated. In a single session, all cysts were aspirated using 20G needles, refilled with 99% ethanol (90% of the volume of the aspirated fluid), and reaspirated completely after 10 minutes of exposure under ultrasound guidance. Follow-up ultrasonography examinations were performed at one week, one month, three months, and six months for all patients and 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months for available patients. Follow- up duration varied between 6 and 24 months (mean, 15 months).RESULTSThe technical success rate of ultrasound-guided percutaneous etha­nol sclerotherapy was 97%. The needle tip was dislocated and ethanol was given into the breast parenchyma in one patient (3%). One cyst (3%) was reaspirated at the first week follow-up due to intracystic hemorrhage. Of the 34 cysts treated, 25 (74%) completely responded to therapy and were no longer detectable on follow-up examinations. Eight cysts (24%) significantly decreased in size and then completely disappeared at six months. At the end of the follow-up period, the clinical success rate reached 100%, and none of the cysts were visible. Except mild to moderate sensation of burning or pain which disappeared or subsided significantly in a couple of minutes, no other complications were observed in patients.CONCLUSIONUltrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy is a fast, safe, and highly effective method in the treatment of simple breast cysts.

Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between levels of adipokines in the breast cyst fluid and in the circulation in relation to the type of cysts. Material and Measurements. A cross-sectional study involved 86 women with breast cysts (42 with simple cysts and 44 with complex cysts). Plasma and breast cyst fluid leptin, adiponectin, visfatin/NAMPT, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, in addition to serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and prolactin, and anthropometric parameters and body composition (by bioimpedance method), were measured. Results. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were significantly lower in breast cyst fluid than in plasma regardless of the cyst type. Contrarily, the levels of visfatin/NAMPT and TNF-α were significantly increased, and IL-6 levels were similar in the breast cyst fluid and plasma in both study groups. There was no correlation between corresponding levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, TNF-α, and IL-6 in breast cyst fluid and plasma. Conclusions. Higher levels of visfatin/NAMPT and TNF-α in the fluid from simple and complex breast cysts than in plasma suggest that their local production is related to inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Purpose: Cystic breast lesions are a common finding in young as well as elderly females. Although, mostly benign; they can at times be malignant too. Timely diagnosis is possible with help of Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). This study was carried out with the aim of studying the panorama of various cystic breast lesions on FNAC in our setup. Materials and Methods: This was a four year prospective study carried out from May 2010 to January 2014. Cystic nature of breast mass was confirmed by palpation and by sonomammography. FNAC was then performed and the smears were stained with MGG and Papanicolaou stain. Results: Out of the 72 cases that were diagnosed to be cystic breast lesions clinically or on sonomammography, 64 were found to be benign and 08 were found to be malignant on FNAC. Retrospective imaging correlation of the 08 cystic cases revealed that they were of complex cystic nature and had either thick septae( 03), solid areas (04) or dense contents (01) within. This internal nature of cystic lesions that were found to be malignant on FNAC was not identifiable by clinical palpation alone. None of the lesions diagnosed as simple cystic lesion on sonomammography was found to be malignant on FNAC. Conclusions: FNAC is a satisfactory technique for the primary categorization of palpable cystic breast lumps into benign and malignant categories. Cystic breast lesions are more commonly benign than malignant. Palpation alone cannot identify the simple or complex nature of any palpable cystic lesion and hence sonomammography and ultrasound guided FNAC are indicated in complex cystic lesions of breast. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 458-463]

Purpose: To evaluate the sonographic findings and histopathological diagnosis of complex breast cysts, and to assess the diagnostic reliability of a 14G core-needle biopsy.Patients and Methods: Sixty-one complex breast cysts that underwent a 14 G core-needle biopsy and/or surgical excisions were retrospectively analyzed. Cystic masses with thick wall- thick septation and with solid component were included. Mixed lesions with both cystic and solid appearance were excluded. Radiologic findings and histopathologic diagnosis of these lesions reviewed retrospectively.Results: Of 61 lesions, 39 (64%) were complex cysts with thick wall and/or thick septation and 22 (36%) were complex cysts with solid component. Forty- eight (79%) lesions were diagnosed as benign and 13 (21%) lesions were diagnosed as malignant. Of the 39 complex cysts with thick wall-thick septation, 31 (79%) lesions were diagnosed as benign and 8 (21%) lesions were malignant. Of the 22 complex cysts with solid component, 17 (77%) lesions were diagnosed as benign and 5 (23%) were malignant.Conclusion: Complex breast cysts have malignancy risk and usually require biopsy. Thirteen of 61 (21%) complex cysts proved malignant in our study. Core needle biopsy is a safe and reliable diagnostic procedure in the management of these cases. However, in cases of clinical/radiological/pathological discordance or the presence of atypical cells, a surgical excision should be performed.

From 62 patients 10−17 years, observed in the City mammalogy centre of Ekaterinburg 27 operated surgeons about the cysts periareolare zone with bleeding disorders and purulentes. Made incise and drainage. 35 patients treated of mammologis in the power saving mode (puncture + anti-inflammatory medication). In the first group in half of the developed cicatricial deformations, indrawn papilla her Breasts, which sub- sequently seriously complicated lactation. Savings tactics for mammologis provided in all cases of recovery with no complications.

Examines the effects of pneumocystography on the remission rates of nonpalpable breast cysts patients. Use of the perforated compression plate technique in nonpalpable cysts aspiration; Consideration of cystic breast disease as the common cause for breast lumps in women; Utilization of fine-needle aspiration in cysts diagnosis.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single-session ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy in simple breast cysts.Methods: From January 2002 to January 2014, 35 simple breast cysts (mean volume, 8.2 mL; range, 4-33 mL) in 28 females (mean age, 39 years) were evaluated. In a single session, all cysts were aspirated using 20G needles, refilled with 99% ethanol (90% of the volume of the aspirated fluid), and reaspirated completely after 10 minutes of exposure under ultrasound guidance. Follow-up ultrasonography examinations were performed at one week, one month, three months, and six months for all patients and 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months for available patients. Follow- up duration varied between 6 and 24 months (mean, 15 months).Results: The technical success rate of ultrasound-guided percutaneous etha-nol sclerotherapy was 97%. The needle tip was dislocated and ethanol was given into the breast parenchyma in one patient (3%). One cyst (3%) was reaspirated at the first week follow-up due to intracystic hemorrhage. Of the 34 cysts treated, 25 (74%) completely responded to therapy and were no longer detectable on follow-up examinations. Eight cysts (24%) significantly decreased in size and then completely disappeared at six months. At the end of the follow-up period, the clinical success rate reached 100%, and none of the cysts were visible. Except mild to moderate sensation of burning or pain which disappeared or subsided significantly in a couple of minutes, no other complications were observed in patients.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy is a fast, safe, and highly effective method in the treatment of simple breast cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]