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279 results on '"Bilal Ibrahim"'

2. Intrusion Detection System Development on Internet of Things using Ensemble Learning

Author

Nadia Ariana, Satria Mandala, Mohd Fadzil Hasssan, Muhammad Qomaruddin, and Bilal Ibrahim Bakri

Subjects
ids, iot, machine learning, security, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The utilization of intrusion detection systems (IDS) can significantly enhance the security of IT infrastructure. Machine learning (ML) methods have emerged as a promising approach to improving the capabilities of IDS. The primary objective of an IDS is to detect various types of malicious intrusions with a high detection rate while minimizing false alarms, surpassing the capabilities of a firewall. However, developing an IDS for IOT poses substantial challenges due to the massive volume of data that needs to be processed. To address this, an optimal approach is required to improve the accuracy of data containing numerous attacks. In this study, we propose a novel IDS model that employs the Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression algorithms using a specialized ML technique known as Ensemble Learning. For this research, we used the BoT-IoT datasets as inputs for the IDS model to distinguish between malicious and benign network traffic. To determine the best model, we compared the performance metrics of each algorithm across different parameter combinations. The research findings demonstrate exceptional performance, with metric scores exceeding 99.995% for all parameter combinations. Based on these conclusive results, we deduce that the proposed model achieves remarkable success and outperforms other traditional ML-based IDS models in terms of performance metrics. These outcomes highlight the potential of our novel IDS model to enhance the security posture of IoT-based systems significantly.

Published
2024
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3. Esophageal leiomyoma within an epinephric diverticulum

Author

Sameeta Kumari, Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed, Faisal Waseem Ismail, and Muhammad Bilal Ibrahim

Subjects
Epinephric diverticulum, Esophageal leiomyoma, Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Epinephric diverticula are distal esophageal pouches protruding from the epithelial lining of the esophagus while esophageal leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle lesions that constitute a significant percentage of all gastrointestinal leiomyomas. Epinephric diverticula and esophageal leiomyomas are common individually but their co-existence is rare. Moreover, they present asymptomatically but can occasionally present with complains of dysphagia and weight loss. In this paper, we present a 58-year-old Asian man with three months history of indigestion and progressive weight loss. Preoperatively, CT Scan with IV Contrast showed a large soft tissue mass appearing on the right distal esophageal wall, with its lumen communicating with the esophageal lumen, likely representing an epinephric diverticulum. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry stains confirmed the diagnosis of smooth muscle neoplasm, likely a leiomyoma. Later, the patient underwent a two-stage esophagectomy. The postoperative biopsy was consistent with the initial one: therefore, supporting the diagnosis of a leiomyoma. Postoperatively, the recovery remained uneventful.

Published
2024
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4. The Role of EGFR Amplification in Deep Venous Thrombosis Occurrence in IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma

Author

Brandon Kaye, Assad Ali, Raphael Augusto Correa Bastianon Santiago, Bilal Ibrahim, Julio Isidor, Hany Awad, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Michal Obrzut, Badih Adada, Surabhi Ranjan, and Hamid Borghei-Razavi

Subjects
epidermal growth factor receptor, venous thromboembolism, glioblastoma, IDH wild-type, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a 20–30 incidence of venous thromboembolic events. EGFR is a widely used prognostic marker for many cancers. Recent lung cancer studies have described relationships between EGFR amplification and an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications. We aim to explore this relationship in glioblastoma patients. Methods: Two hundred ninety-three consecutive patients with IDH wild-type GBM were included in the analysis. The amplification status of EGFR was measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Centromere 7 (CEP7) expression was recorded to calculate the EGFR-to-CEP7 ratio. All data were collected retrospectively through chart review. Molecular data were obtained through the surgical pathology report at the time of biopsy. Results: There were 112 subjects who were EGFR-amplified (38.2%) and 181 who were non-amplified (61.8%). EGFR amplification status was not significantly correlated with VTE risk overall (p = 0.2001). There was no statistically significant association between VTE and EGFR status after controlling for Bevacizumab therapy (p = 0.1626). EGFR non-amplified status was associated with an increased VTE risk in subjects greater than 60 years of age (p = 0.048). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in occurrence of VTE in patients with glioblastoma, regardless of EGFR amplification status. Patients older than 60 years of age with EGFR amplification experienced a lower rate of VTE, contrary to some reports on non-small-cell lung cancer linking EGFR amplification to VTE risk.

Published
2023
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5. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles for environmental Hg (II) removal: a review

Author

Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, Abuzar Khan, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor, MohdKhalizan Sabullah, and Noor Azlina Masdor

Subjects
Zero-valent iron nanoparticle, Adsorption, Mercury removal, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Mercury is a natural, long-lasting, and bio-accumulative contaminant found in both soil and water. Mercury is toxic and its organic derivative, methylmercury (MeHg), could be lethal. The increasing level of mercury in the environment is a threat, as it can easily enter the food chain upon exposure. Zero-valent iron nanoparticle (nZVI), an environmentally friendly nanomaterial, is envisaged as an ideal candidate for the remediation of metal pollutions in soil and water bodies. Due to low toxicity and decent activity, nZVI and its corrosion products have shown huge potential for the removal of heavy metals from soil and water. It has been widely applied for the removal of heavy metals including mercury and other organic and inorganic contaminants. In this review, the current preparation methodology, characterization techniques, reductive mechanism for heavy metal removal with focus on mercury is reviewed. This review discusses the use of nZVI for the removal of mercury and demonstrates that nZVI possesses high reactivities for mercury removal and have great application prospects in environmental remediation. Some recommendations are proposed and conclusions drawn for future research.

Published
2023
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6. Wide Dissection Trans-Sulcal Approach for Resection of Deep Intra-Axial Lesions in Eloquent Brain Areas

Author

Brandon Kaye, Raphael Augusto Correa Bastianon Santiago, Gerard MacKinnon, Rocco Dabecco, Bilal Ibrahim, Assad Ali, Romel Santos, Phillip Johansen, Surabhi Ranjan, Michal Obrzut, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, and Badih Adada

Subjects
trans-sulcal approach, surgical outcome, eloquence, glioblastoma, language, brain metastasis, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction: Resection of intra-axial tumors (IaT) in eloquent brain regions risks major postoperative neurological deficits. Awake craniotomy is often used to navigate these areas; however, some patients are ineligible for awake procedures. The trans-sulcal approach (TScal) was introduced to reduce parenchymal trauma during tumor resection. We report our experiences utilizing TScal for resection of deep IaT located in eloquent areas. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients who underwent IaT resection in eloquent areas via TScal from January 2013 to April 2021. Seventeen cases were reviewed, and relevant data was collected. Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and intraoperative ultrasound was performed in some cases. Results: Seventeen patients (10 males, 7 females) averaging 61.2 years-old (range, 21–76) were included in this study. Average length of stay was 4.8 days, and only 2 patients (11.8%) required hospital readmission within 30 days. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 15 patients (88.2%), while subtotal resection occurred in 2 patients (11.8%). Eleven patients (64.7%) reported full resolution of symptoms, 4 patients (23.5%) reported deficit improvement, and 2 patients (11.8%) experienced no change from their preoperative deficits. No patient developed new permanent deficits postoperatively. Discussion: GTR, preoperative deficit reduction, and complications were comparable to awake craniotomy and other TScal studies. Ancillary intraoperative techniques, such as brain mapping, 5-ALA and intraoperative ultrasound, are afforded by TScal to improve resection rates and overall outcomes. Conclusions: TScal can be an option for patients with deep lesions in eloquent areas who are not candidates for awake surgeries.

Published
2022
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7. Response of Growth and Yield Traits of Safflower Varieties (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to Zinc Foliar Application.

Author

Abdullah, Sumaya Ahmad, Ali, Vian Dler, Salih, Raad Hussein, and Muhammed, Bilal Ibrahim

Subjects
LEAF area index, CULTIVARS, OILSEED plants, FACTORIAL experiment designs, SAFFLOWER
Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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10. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Author

Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kunčarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M. Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Ali M. Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino- Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžić, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišić, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžić, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Danijela Miljanić, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M.Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed.A. Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Paul M. Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A. Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano. Basso, Paolo Ubiali, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani hani, Zeina Bani hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S. Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T. Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali SANI, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A.Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F. Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J.P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Janković, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L. Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio L. Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A. Adam, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kağan Kurtoğlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoğlu, Merve Yeşilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoğlu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdağ, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem Cihanyurdu, Oğuz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Guner, Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Şule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyilmaz, Mehmet Uluşahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kirimtay, Muhammed Uysal, Alp Yildiz, Emin Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürşat Yemez, Herman Lule, Mumbere Bienfait, Emmanuel Bua, Noella Okalany, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, Dmytro Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi, Andrey Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, Sarah McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, Fanny Belais, Eman Butt, Kaustuv Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw, Adam Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, Mansoor Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M.D. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg Deepika, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kučan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Trunčíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, Allan Garcia, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, Ashika B L, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O'Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem, Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gytè Damulevičienè, Saulius Svagzdys, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian Bastiaenen, Simone Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes, Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Vieira, Inês Mónica, Margarida Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins, Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ligia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry Shakhmatov, Yves Nezerwa, Radosav Radulovic, Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez, Enrique Moncada, Maria Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygin Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Şahin, Evrim Savli, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon, Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann, Daniel Watts, Binay Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi, Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, Ian Daniels, Nathan Ng, Shivun Khosla, James Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Sule Burger, Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson, Chikwendu Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo Lesetedi, Charles Mabedi, Laura Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Mark Monahan, Soloman Mulira, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey Roberts, Martin Smith, Viki Tayler, John Windsor, Raul Yepez, Sudha Sundar, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, Hitomi Kimura, Mugisha Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, and Jean Wilguens Lartigue

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Summary: Background: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p

Published
2022
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11. Kinetics and isotherm study of reactive red 120 dye adsorbed onto Chitosan modified zero-valent iron nanoparticle (CS-nZVI).

Author

Dan-Iya, Bilal Ibrahim, Tafinta, I. Y., Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan, and Shukor, Yunus

Subjects
*ZERO-valent iron, *REACTIVE dyes, *PETROLEUM waste, *PALM oil industry, *AKAIKE information criterion, *AZO dyes
Abstract

Because of easy dyeing operations and high durability throughout the washing process, azo dyes of a reactive nature are widely employed in textile coloring methods. About twenty to forty percent of these colors stay in the effluents. As a result of their reactive, toxic, and stable nature, discharges of such effluent into receiving waterways might be dangerous to exposed species. Azo dyes are the most common cause of mutation and cancer among xenobiotic contaminants. The removal of these pigments, as well as the clean-up of linked polluted areas, remains a global challenge. The sorption of reactive dyes on diverse adsorbing agents like bacteria, fungus, algae, water plants, and chitosan has been well-researched, etc. Various adsorbing agents like Lentinus sajor-caju, Spirogyra majuscule, pistachio husk, Hydrilla verticillate, chitosan, palm oil industry waste, clay were utilized to remove Reactive Red (RR) 120. This study investigates the synthesis of Chitosan-enhanced Nano Zero-Valent Iron (CS-nZVI), the adsorption of RR dye by the synthesized material as well as its kinetic and isothermal studies. The adsorptive capability was calculated to be 3.017481mg/g. Kinetic model – pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd, and elovich models, isotherm models— Langmuir, Freundlich, Jovanovic, Sips, Vieth-Sladek, Khan, Radke-Prausnitz and Unilan, were utilized as well as non-linear regression fittings. Discriminatory analyses of statistical data centered on RMSE (root-mean-square error), adjR2 (adjusted coefficient of determination), AF (accuracy factor), AICc (Akaike Information Criterion corrected) BF (bias factor), were used in finding the superior fit model. The best kinetic models were both pseudo-1st and pseudo 2nd order and the best isotherm model was Vieth-Sladek. The results obtained suggest reliable isothermal and kinetic behavior that will allow the fitting of several models when the zero-valent iron nanoparticle is used in the adsorption of other anionic azo dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Role of nanoparticles in tackling COVID-19 pandemic: a bio-nanomedical approach

Author

Idris Zubairu Sadiq, Fatima Sadiq Abubakar, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Subjects
covid-19, pathogenesis, nanoparticles, therapeutics, nano vaccines, point of care devices, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

COVID-19 Pandemic post threats to the life of millions of people across the globe as no specific therapeutics or vaccines have been scientifically proven. In this paper, we discussed the applications of nanoparticles in combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nanoparticles have indeed revolutionized medicine often employed for a variety of purposes including therapeutics, nano-devices, biosensors, vaccines, nano drugs, drug carriers, and set to combating the current menace of COVID-19 by providing immense solutions. Nanoparticles play role in tackling infectious diseases via the development of virus-like nanoparticles for the overall improving immune response, point-of-care diagnostic devices for rapid diagnoses, and nano-therapeutics for better treatment.

Published
2021
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14. Blood Supply of Cranial Nerves Passing Through the Cavernous Sinus: An Anatomical Study and Its Implications for Microsurgical and Endoscopic Cavernous Sinus Surgery

Author

Edinson Najera, Bilal Ibrahim, Baha’eddin A. Muhsen, Assad Ali, Clariza Sanchez, Michal Obrzut, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, and Badih Adada

Subjects
intracavernous cranial nerves, inferolateral trunk, meningohypophyseal trunk, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

BackgroundDespite improvements in surgical techniques, cranial nerve (CN) deficits remain the most frequent cause of disability following cavernous sinus (CS) surgery. The most common tumor affecting the CS is meningioma. They originate from lateral wall and have their blood supply from meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) and inferolateral trunk (ILT). Pituitary adenomas commonly invade the CS through its medial wall and receive blood supply form medial branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) (superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries). Some tumors may grow within the CS (e.g. trigeminal schwannomas, hemangiomas). These tumors are fed by all the intracavernous ICA branches. Tumors involving the CS may also displace the neurovascular structures, therefore, a better understanding of intracavernous neurovascular anatomy may reduce the postoperative morbidity associated with approaching CS tumors. In this anatomical study, the anatomic variations and their clinical implications of the intracavernous CNs’ blood supply were evaluated through transcranial and endonasal routes.MethodsTwenty sides of ten adult cadaveric formalin-fixed, latex-injected specimens were dissected in stepwise fashion under microscopic and endoscopic magnification. The origin and course of the intracavernous ICA branches supplying the intracavernous CNs are studied.ResultsThe proximal segment of the oculomotor nerve receives blood supply from the ILT in 85%, and the tentorial artery of the MHT in 15% of specimens. The distal segment is exclusively supplied by the ILT. The proximal trochlear nerve receives blood supply from the ILT (75%) and the tentorial artery (25%); the distal segment is exclusively supplied by the superior orbital branch. The proximal third of the abducens nerve receives its vascularity exclusively from the dorsal meningeal artery, and its middle and distal thirds from the ILT. The ophthalmic and proximal maxillary segments of the trigeminal nerve also receive blood supply from the ILT. The distal maxillary segment is supplied by the artery of the foramen rotundum. All ILT branches terminate on the inferomedial aspects of the intra-cavernous CNs. Extensive anastomoses are found between ILT branches and the branches arising from external carotid artery.ConclusionUnderstanding the anatomy of the intracavernous ICA’s branches is important to improving surgical outcomes with tumors involving the CS.

Published
2021
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15. Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Using Pumice Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete-Experimental Investigation

Author

Muhammad Jahanzaib, Asad Iqbal, Hassan Ashfaq, Moaaz Munir, Muhammad Akhtar, Masood Ashiq, and Bilal Ibrahim

Subjects
Pumice, Concrete, Aggregate, Light Weight Concrete, Strength, Technology
Abstract

Lightweight cement has numerous applications in the substantial and development industry these days. In this investigation, an endeavor has been made to think about the regular concrete and lightweight total substantial utilizing blend M25. Lightweight cement is made by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with various proportions of Pumice going from half, 60%, and 70%. This investigation is engaged to decide the strength boundaries of lightweight total cement to track down a great supplanting with the previously mentioned substitutions. The outcomes are contrasted and regular cement.

Published
2021
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17. Enhancing fuzzy associative rule mining approaches for improving prediction accuracy : integration of fuzzy clustering, apriori and multiple support approaches to develop an associative classification rule base

Author

Sowan, Bilal Ibrahim, Dahal, Keshav P., and Hossain, M. Alamgir

Subjects
502.85, Prediction, Fuzzy associative rule mining, Fuzzy clustering, Associative classification rule base, Data mining, Predictive model, Decision support system, Minimizing prediction error, Prediction performance
Abstract

Building an accurate and reliable model for prediction for different application domains, is one of the most significant challenges in knowledge discovery and data mining. This thesis focuses on building and enhancing a generic predictive model for estimating a future value by extracting association rules (knowledge) from a quantitative database. This model is applied to several data sets obtained from different benchmark problems, and the results are evaluated through extensive experimental tests. The thesis presents an incremental development process for the prediction model with three stages. Firstly, a Knowledge Discovery (KD) model is proposed by integrating Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) with Apriori approach to extract Fuzzy Association Rules (FARs) from a database for building a Knowledge Base (KB) to predict a future value. The KD model has been tested with two road-traffic data sets. Secondly, the initial model has been further developed by including a diversification method in order to improve a reliable FARs to find out the best and representative rules. The resulting Diverse Fuzzy Rule Base (DFRB) maintains high quality and diverse FARs offering a more reliable and generic model. The model uses FCM to transform quantitative data into fuzzy ones, while a Multiple Support Apriori (MSapriori) algorithm is adapted to extract the FARs from fuzzy data. The correlation values for these FARs are calculated, and an efficient orientation for filtering FARs is performed as a post-processing method. The FARs diversity is maintained through the clustering of FARs, based on the concept of the sharing function technique used in multi-objectives optimization. The best and the most diverse FARs are obtained as the DFRB to utilise within the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for prediction. The third stage of development proposes a hybrid prediction model called Fuzzy Associative Classification Rule Mining (FACRM) model. This model integrates the ii improved Gustafson-Kessel (G-K) algorithm, the proposed Fuzzy Associative Classification Rules (FACR) algorithm and the proposed diversification method. The improved G-K algorithm transforms quantitative data into fuzzy data, while the FACR generate significant rules (Fuzzy Classification Association Rules (FCARs)) by employing the improved multiple support threshold, associative classification and vertical scanning format approaches. These FCARs are then filtered by calculating the correlation value and the distance between them. The advantage of the proposed FACRM model is to build a generalized prediction model, able to deal with different application domains. The validation of the FACRM model is conducted using different benchmark data sets from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) of machine learning and KEEL (Knowledge Extraction based on Evolutionary Learning) repositories, and the results of the proposed FACRM are also compared with other existing prediction models. The experimental results show that the error rate and generalization performance of the proposed model is better in the majority of data sets with respect to the commonly used models. A new method for feature selection entitled Weighting Feature Selection (WFS) is also proposed. The WFS method aims to improve the performance of FACRM model. The prediction performance is improved by minimizing the prediction error and reducing the number of generated rules. The prediction results of FACRM by employing WFS have been compared with that of FACRM and Stepwise Regression (SR) models for different data sets. The performance analysis and comparative study show that the proposed prediction model provides an effective approach that can be used within a decision support system.

Published
2011

18. Posterior petrosal approach for retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma

Author

Baha'eddin A. Muhsen, MD, Bilal Ibrahim, MD, Edinson Najera, MD, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, MD, and Badih Adada, MD

Subjects
Craniopharyngioma, Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma, Posterior petrosal approach, Surgery, RD1-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Craniophyringiomas are histologically benign tumors arising from embryonic epithelial cells of the craniopharyngeal duct. They are locally aggressive and their location in the sellar/supra-sellar region is associated with a high rate of recurrence and morbidity. It is generally recognized that surgical resection is the first treatment option. Craniopharyngiomas located in the retrochiasmatic area are among the most challenging to treat. They grow superiorly pushing floor of third ventricle, and posteriorly in the prepontine and interpeduncular cisterns. Different skull base approaches have been utilized to tackle tumors in this location. In this video we illustrate the surgical steps and nuances for resection of a large retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma in a 25 YO RHF who presented with progressive headaches and visual decline. On neurological examination she was found to have bi-temporal hemianopia. An MRI scan of the brain showed a 4.5 × 3.2 × 4.3 cm mixed solid and cystic suprasellar mass with obstructive hydrocephalus located behind the optic chiasm. A brain CTA showed no displacement of the anterior communicating artery confirming the retrochiasmatic location of the tumor. The preoperative endocrine work up showed central hypothyroidism and low cortisol levels. Postoperatively the patient was extubated in the operating room, she had intact extra-ocular movements. She developed Diabetes insipidus and oculomotor nerve palsy on postoperative day 3. Her third nerve palsy recovered when she was seen 3 weeks postoperatively. The histopathology showed an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. The posterior petrosal approach should be considered in treating patients with Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngiomas. The consent was obtained.

Published
2020
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19. Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Information Systems: Investigating its Trust and Adoption Determinants

Author

Bilal Ibrahim Hmoud and László Várallyai

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Human Resources Information systems, Human Resources Management, Information Technology, Technology, Industries. Land use. Labor, HD28-9999
Abstract

With the rapidly emerging trend of employing Artificial Intelligence technologies within modern economics. This study is an attempt to fill the research gap associated with the factors that have influence with the adoption of artificial intelligence in human resources information systems on HR-leaders intention to use it. It empirically investigates the influences that trust, technological readiness, facilitating condition and performance expectancy on HR-professional’s behavioral intention to use AI in HRM. Besides, examine the moderating effect of age and experience on the proposed associations. Data were collected from by online questionnaire from 185 HR managers. A structural framework was introduced to test the relationship between study latent variables. Result exhibited that trust and performance expectancy has a significant influence on HR-professionals behavioral intention to use AI-HRIS. Trust and technological readiness showed a significant influence on HR-professionals performance expectancy of using AI-HRIS. While facilitating condition, organizational size and technological readiness did not show a significant influence on HR-professionals behavioral intention toward using AI-HRIS. Lastly, Age and Experience did not have a moderating effect on trust and performance expectancy association with the behavioral intention toward using AI-HRIS. The findings of this study contribute to the theory development of information technology diffusion in HRM.

Published
2020
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24. Test of the Randomness of Residuals and Detection of Potential Outliers for the Modified Gompertz Model Used in the Fitting of the Growth of Shigella flexneri

Author

Garba Uba and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Abstract

The formulation of hypotheses and the recommendation of experiments as the subsequent stages of the research process are both brought about as a result of the utilization of complicated computer models that make it possible to represent intricate biological processes. Because these systems rely on random data, this is a necessity for all parametric statistical assessment procedures. When the diagnostic tests reveal that the residuals make up a pattern, there are a few different treatment choices available to choose from. Two of these alternatives include running a nonparametric analysis or switching to a new model. In this study, we use the Wald-Wolfowitz runs test as a statistical diagnosis tool to determine whether or not the randomization conditions have been met. The runs test found that there were 5 total runs, although the randomness assumption predicted 7.46 runs. The null hypothesis is not rejected since the p-value is greater than 0.05; this suggests that there is no convincing evidence of the residuals' non-randomness; rather, the residuals represent noise. In addition, the Grubb’s outlier test shows no indication of an outlier, further corroborate the scenario of the adequacy of the modified Gompertz model used in the fitting of the growth of Shigella flexneri.

Published
2022
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25. Mathematical Isothermal Modeling of Remazol Black B Biosorption by Aspergillus flavus

Author

Salihu Yahuza, Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Abdussamad Abubakar, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Abstract

Azo dyes, like Remazol Black B, form covalent bonds with textile fibers like cotton, setting them apart from traditional dyes. Due to their advantageous qualities of vivid color, water resistance, straightforward application processes, and low energy consumption, they are widely used in the textile industry. Major environmental effects of their discharge into receiving streams include reduced photosynthesis in aquatic life as a result of decreased light penetration. Seven isotherm models—Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Toth, Fritz-Schlunder IV, and Fritz-Schlunder V—were used to analyze the biosorption isotherm data of Remazol Black B dye biosorption by Aspergillus flavus and were fitted using non-linear regression. Based on statistical analysis, the Fritz-Schlunder IV was determined to be the best model using root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQC). The calculated Fritz-Schlunder IV parameter, bFS value was found to be 3.812 mg/g (95% confidence interval of 0.312 to 7.311) and qmFS value of 0.0224 (95% confidence interval of -21725.002 to 21725.047).

Published
2022
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26. Kinetic Study of Malathion Biosorption Using Dry Cells of an Isolated Bacillus sp. S14

Author

Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Salihu Yahuza, Abdussamad Abubakar, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Abstract

Pesticides Pollutants are a major ecological issue because they kill organisms that are not their intended targets. Even in trace amounts, their diversity, toxicity, and durability are harmful to natural systems. High levels of malathion in the air, water, or food can make breathing difficult, tighten the chest, cause nausea, cramps, diarrhoea, watery eyes, impaired vision, salivation, perspiration, headaches, and even cause death. Two kinetic models—pseudo-1st- and pseudo-2nd order were used to examine the sorption isotherm of malathion onto Bacillus sp. S14, and they were fitted using non-linear regression. The pseudo-1st order model was found to be the best model by statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQC). A kinetic study employing the pseudo-1st order model at 150 PPM yielded an equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 4.19 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 4.137448 to 4.257148) and a pseudo-1st-order rate constant, k1 of 0.53. (95 percent confidence interval from 0.510371 to 0.559508). Further analysis is required to give evidence for the chemisorption mechanism commonly associated with this kinetic.

Published
2022
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27. Isothermal modelling of the adsorption of crystal violet onto modified charred rice husk

Author

Dan-Iya, Bilal Ibrahim, Khayat, Mohd Ezuan, Shukor, Mohd Yunus, Dan-Iya, Bilal Ibrahim, Khayat, Mohd Ezuan, and Shukor, Mohd Yunus

Abstract

The rice milling process produces rice husk as a by-product. It is one of the most important agricultural leftovers in terms of volume. The data of the sorption isotherm of crystal violet (CV) sorption onto modified charred rice husk, which was plotted using linearized plots of isothermal models were reanalyzed using twenty isothermal models using nonlinear regression. Nineteen models — Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, Jovanovic, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Toth, Hill, Khan, BET, Vieth-Sladek, Radke-Prausnitz, Fritz-Schlunder III, Unilan, Baudu, Marczewski-Jaroniec, Fritz-Schluender IV, Weber-van Vliet and Fritz-Schluender V – fitted the data best using non-linear regression. Statistical analysis based on error function analyses such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), accuracy factor (AF), bias factor (BF), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), and Hannan-Quinn Criterion (HQC) showed that Jovanovic model was the best model. The maximal adsorption capacity in the Jovanovic model, expressed in milligrams per gram (mg/g), is denoted by qmJ while Kj is the Jovanovic constant, and the calculated values were 55.979 mg/L (95% confidence interval; 52.556 to 59.403) and 0.010 (95% confidence interval; 0.008 to 0.012), respectively. The nonlinear regression method provides parameter values within the 95% confidence interval, facilitating improved comparability with prior research.

Published
2023

28. Kinetic Analysis of the Adsorption of Chromium onto Calcium Alginate Nanoparticles

Author

Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Salihu Yahuza, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Abstract

The widespread use of chromium in industrial applications such as leather tanning, metallurgy, electroplating, and refractory materials has resulted in it being one of the most harmful trace elements to be introduced into surface and ground waters. The sorption isotherm of chromium sorption onto calcium alginate nanoparticles were analyzed using three models—pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd and Elovich, and fitted using non-linear regression. The Elovich model was the poorest in fitting the curve based on visual observation followed by the pseudo-1st order. Statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC) that showed that the pseudo-1ST order model is the best model. Kinetic analysis using the pseudo-1st order model at 400 mg/L 4-BDE gave a value of equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 31.89 mg g-1 (95% confidence interval from 30.37 to 33.42) and a value of the pseudo-1st-order rate constant, k1 of 0.22 (95% confidence interval from 0.019 to 0.025). Further analysis is needed to provide proof for the chemisorption mechanism usually tied to this kinetic.

Published
2021
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29. Kinetic Analysis of the Adsorption of Ethyl Violet onto Graphene Oxide Sheets Integrated with Gold Nanoparticles

Author

Mohd Yunus Shukor, Ain Aqilah Basirun, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Abstract

An example of biosorption is when the sorbent is made from a biodegradable material. Biosorption is now being seen as a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable alternative to traditional pollution treatment methods. Bioremediation is one of the branches of bioremediation that is used to minimise pollution in the context of incorrect dye waste disposal. The sorption isotherm of Ethyl Violet onto graphene oxide were analyzed using three models—pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd and Elovich, and fitted using non-linear regression. Statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC) that showed that the pseudo-second-order model was the best which was the same finding from the original published work. The calculated evidence ratio was 11 with an AICc probability value of 0.91 indicating that the best model was at least 11 times better than the nearest best model, which was pseudo-1st. Further analysis is needed to provide proof for the mechanism usually tied to this kinetic. Nonlinear regression analysis using the pseudo-2nd order model for the highest concentration tested, which was 10 mM, gave values of equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 30.928 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 29.328 to 32.527) and a value of the pseudo-2nd-order rate constant, k2 of 0.020 (95% confidence interval from 0.011 to 0.028).

Published
2021
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30. Kinetic Analysis of the Adsorption of Malachite Green onto Graphene Oxide Sheets Integrated with Gold Nanoparticles

Author

Abdussamad Abubakar, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, Salihu Yahuza, and Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo

Abstract

Malachite green is extensively used in the textile dye industry and in agriculture as fish pests’ pesticide. Biosorption is a type of sorption technique that uses a biological sorbent. As of now, biosorption is viewed as a simple and cost-effective process that might be used as an alternative to traditional pollution treatment methods. Bioremediation is one of the branches of bioremediation that is used to minimise pollution in the context of incorrect textile waste disposal. The sorption isotherm of Malachite Green onto graphene oxide were analyzed using three models—pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd and Elovich, and fitted using non-linear regression. The Elovich model was the poorest in fitting the curve based on visual observation and the best was pseudo-2nd order based on statistical analysis such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC). Nonlinear regression analysis using the pseudo-2nd order model gave values of equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 6.164 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 5.918 to 6.410) and a value of the pseudo-2nd-order rate constant, k2 of 0.034 (95% confidence interval from 0.024 to 0.045). Further analysis is needed to provide proof for the chemisorption mechanism usually tied to this kinetic.

Published
2021
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31. Percutaneous balloon compression technique using intraoperative contrasted DynaCT for the treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia: initial experience

Author

Bilal Ibrahim, Badih Adada, Michal Obrzut, Edinson Najera, Baha'eddin A. Muhsen, Assad Ali, Aakangsha Jain, and Hamid Borghei-Razavi

Subjects
Balloon compression, medicine.medical_specialty, Single pass, Percutaneous, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Postoperative recovery, Trigeminal Neuralgia, medicine.disease, Balloon, Catheterization, Refractory, Trigeminal neuralgia, Fluoroscopy, medicine, Humans, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business
Abstract

Percutaneous balloon compression (BC) is a well-established technique that can provide immediate relief to patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The general procedure of BC uses fluoroscopy imaging to guide the needle through the foramen ovale (FO). The aim of this study was to describe our experience with a novel technique using intraoperative contrast-enhanced DynaCT as an adjunct for more accurate and safer guidance of the needle to the FO. In this study, DynaCT was used to perform BC in 20 TN cases. The three-dimensional path of the needle was pre-planned using DynaCT obtained during the administration of IV contrast. The FO was accessed in a single pass along the path pre-determined from the DynaCT images, avoiding any major arteries and veins. DynaCT was also used for confirmation of the final position of the needle prior to insertion of the balloon as well as for confirmation of the position of the balloon after inflation. Intravenous contrast-enhanced DynaCT-guided percutaneous BC allowed precise advancement and positioning of the needle within the FO. It facilitated cannulation of the FO along a pre-determined path that avoided any major vascular structures. Clinical outcomes were excellent—all patients had a quick postoperative recovery, and there were no complications. The advantages of the contrast-enhanced DynaCT-guided technique include a single precise needle pass and avoidance of vessel injury. Precise placement of the balloon into different aspects of the FO can target trigeminal branches more selectively and allow for a better outcome.

Published
2021
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32. Pituitary Adenomas: Classification, Clinical Evaluation and Management

Author

Bilal Ibrahim, Mauricio Mandel, Assad Ali, Edinson Najera, Michal Obrzut, Badih Adada, and Hamid Borghei-Razavi

Abstract

Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common brain tumors. They represent approximately 18% of all intracranial, and around 95% of sellar neoplasms. In recent years, our understanding of the pathophysiology and the behavior of these lesions has led to better control and higher curative rates. The treatment decision is largely dependent on type of the adenoma, clinical presentation, and the size of the lesion. In addition, incidental pituitary lesions add uncertainty in the decision-making process, especially for pituitary adenomas that can be medically managed. When surgery is indicated, the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach is the technique of choice, but open standard craniotomy approaches can also be the option in selected cases. The following chapter will review the classification, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, selection of surgical approach, and treatment complications in pituitary adenomas.

Published
2022
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33. Modelling the Effect of Copper on the Growth Rate of Enterobacter sp. strain Neni-13 on SDS

Author

Rusnam, Neni Gusmanizar, M.Y. Shukor, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya

Abstract

The introduction of tiny amounts of heavy metals into the environment can encourage the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. The concentration at which enhanced microbial activity is seen, on the other hand, results in a significant decrease in growth rate as well as an increase in lag time (due to the higher lag time). An established link exists between heavy metal toxicity in microorganisms and the process of bioremediation, which has been well-documented. Because heavy metals have an impact on bioremediation, they must be researched, and appropriate countermeasures must be implemented. Copper reduced the growth of the SDS-degrading bacteria Enterobacter sp. strain Neni-13 to a significant extent. Under varying doses of mercury, the SDS-degrading bacteria exhibited a sigmoidal pattern with time periods ranging from 7 to 10 hours. Gompertz's model was used to calculate the growth rates of copper in different concentrations. As the copper concentration rose, the growth of bacteria was suppressed with a concentration of 1.0 g/L, with virtually total stoppage of bacterial development. From the Gompertz model, we got the estimates of growth rates; after which, they were estimated according to the Han-Levenspiel, Shukor, Wang, Liu, Andrews, and Amor models. The modified Han-Levenspiel, Andrews, Liu, and Shukor models could all successfully fit the curve. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the Han-Levenspiel model was the best model based on highest adjusted correlation coefficient (adR2), the lowest values for RMSE and AICc, and values of AF and BF closest to unity. The parameters obtained from the Han-Levenspiel model were Ccrit 0.209 mg/L (95%, C.I., 0.199 to 0.219), μmax 0.209 h-1 (95% C.I., 0.199 to 0.219) and m 0.472 (95% C.I., 0.383 to 0.561. The results obtained in this study indicate the maximum tolerable copper concentration that the conditions for biodegradation should not exceed.

Published
2021
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34. Accuracy and Interrater Reliability of CISS Versus Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted VIBE for the Presence of Optic Canal Invasion in Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas

Author

Christopher Karakasis, Ingrid Wu, Bilal Ibrahim, Sarah Stock, Jonathan Lee, Alankrita Raghavan, Baha'eddin A. Muhsen, Badih Adada, Varun R. Kshettry, Pablo F. Recinos, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, and Matthew Poturalski

Subjects
Adult, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Sensitivity and Specificity, Anterior clinoid process, Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma, 03 medical and health sciences, Quadrant (abdomen), 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Contrast (vision), Medicine, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Pituitary Neoplasms, Sella Turcica, Neoplasm Metastasis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, media_common, Observer Variation, Optic canal, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Optic Nerve Neoplasms, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Optic nerve, Tuberculum sellae, Surgery, sense organs, Neurology (clinical), Meningioma, business, Nuclear medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background The magnetic resonance imaging sequence used to assess optic canal invasion by tuberculum sella meningiomas (TSMs) has not been standardized. Both constructive interference in steady state (CISS) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences are frequently used. The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy and interrater reliability of these sequences in predicting optic canal invasion by TSMs. Methods In the present retrospective study of 27 patients (54 optic canals) who had undergone endoscopic transtuberculum transplanum resection of TSMs, images from preoperative CISS and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted VIBE sequences were assessed by 5 neuroradiologists who were unaware of the operative findings. The readers evaluated the optic canal in 4 quadrants at 2 locations (the posterior tip of the anterior clinoid process and the optic strut). A quadrant was considered positive for tumor invasion if invasion was present at either of these 2 locations. The reference standard was intraoperative observation of gross optic canal invasion. Results The interrater agreement was good for the presence or absence of tumor involvement in a particular quadrant (CISS, 0.635; VIBE, 0.643; 95% confidence interval for the difference, −0.086 to 0.010). The mean sensitivity and specificity for optic nerve invasion were 0.643 and 0.438 with CISS and 0.643 and 0.454 with VIBE, respectively. No significant differences were seen between the sequences in terms of reader accuracy when the intraoperative findings were used as the reference standard. Conclusion CISS and VIBE sequences both have good accuracy in predicting for optic canal tumor invasion by TMEs.

Published
2021
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36. Використання глибокого навчання для розробки інтелектуального контролера вуличного освітлення і споживання електроенергії

Author

Bilal Ibrahim Bakri, Yaser M. Abid, Ghaidaa Ahmed Ali, Mohammed Salih Mahdi, Alaa Hamza Omran, Mustafa Musa Jaber, Mustafa A. Jalil, and Roula AJ. Kadhim

Subjects
вуличне освітлення, споживання електроенергії, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, intelligent controller, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, deep learning, object detection, power consumption, інтелектуальний контролер, глибоке навчання, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science Applications, виявлення об’єктів, Control and Systems Engineering, Management of Technology and Innovation, Environmental Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Food Science, street lighting
Abstract

Street lighting is very important now-days especially at dangerous areas and highways but it consume a lot of power and it became challenging for many researchers in the past few years. Enormous efforts have been placed on the issue of reducing power consumption in illuminating cities and streets, researchers had various approaches and methods in tackling this challenging matter, till now there is no ideal system that has been developed to reduce the electricity usage. In this paper intelligent controller based on deep learning proposed to control the light at the street from sunset to sunrise, the system will decrease the light used to illuminate the streets in the absence of movements, the network trained based on deep learning with several image of different objects to help the system detecting any moving objects in the street to provide the street with the exact amount of light needed in order to reduce the waste of electrical energy resulting from street lighting and to help reduce accidents hence high percentage of criminal activity and life threatening conditions occur in the absence of light. The system was trained with a vast and diverse dataset to assure the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system, the trained system showed a result of 90 precision of detecting moving objects, the proposed system was tested with a new dataset to assure the reliability and dependency of the system and reducing the errors to the minimum, the system shows promising results in detecting movements and objects, after the detection being complete, the system will send a pulse width modulation causing a 20 % light dimming, leading to enormous reduction in the power consumption, adding to that the proposed system is easy to use, Вуличне освітлення дуже важливе в наші дні, особливо в небезпечних районах та на автомагістралях, але воно споживає багато енергії і останні кілька років стало проблемою для багатьох дослідників. Величезні зусилля були докладені до проблеми зниження енергоспоживання у висвітленні міст і вулиць, дослідники мали різні підходи та методи вирішення цього непростого завдання, досі не розроблено ідеальну систему, розроблену для зниження енергоспоживання. У цій статті запропановано інтелектуальний контролер на основі глибокого навчання керувати світлом на вулиці від заходу сонця, система буде зменшувати світло, що використовується для освітлення вулиць при відсутності руху, мережа навчена на основі глибокого навчання з кількома зображеннями різних об'єктів на допомогу система, що виявляє будь-які рухомі об'єкти на вулиці, щоб забезпечити вулицю точною кількістю світла, необхідною для скорочення втрат електроенергії внаслідок вуличного освітлення та зменшення нещасних випадків, отже, високий відсоток злочинної діяльності та небезпечні для життя умови відбуваються у відсутності світла. Система була навчена на широкому і різноманітному наборі даних, щоб гарантувати точність і ефективність запропонованої системи, навчена система показала результат з точністю 90 при виявленні об'єктів, що рухаються, пропонована система була протестована з новим набором даних, щоб гарантувати надійність і залежність. системи та зводячи помилки до мінімуму, система показує перспективні результати у виявленні рухів та об'єктів, після завершення виявлення система відправить широтно-імпульсну модуляцію, що викликає затемнення світла на 20 %, що призведе до величезного зниження потужності. споживання, додаючи до цього, що запропонована система проста у використанні

Published
2022

37. Role of nanoparticles in tackling COVID-19 pandemic: a bio-nanomedical approach

Author

Fatima Sadiq Abubakar, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, and Idris Zubairu Sadiq

Subjects
nano vaccines, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Science (General), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pathogenesis, technology, industry, and agriculture, point of care devices, Q1-390, Risk analysis (engineering), covid-19, Pandemic, therapeutics, Medicine, nanoparticles, business
Abstract

COVID-19 Pandemic post threats to the life of millions of people across the globe as no specific therapeutics or vaccines have been scientifically proven. In this paper, we discussed the applications of nanoparticles in combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nanoparticles have indeed revolutionized medicine often employed for a variety of purposes including therapeutics, nano-devices, biosensors, vaccines, nano drugs, drug carriers, and set to combating the current menace of COVID-19 by providing immense solutions. Nanoparticles play role in tackling infectious diseases via the development of virus-like nanoparticles for the overall improving immune response, point-of-care diagnostic devices for rapid diagnoses, and nano-therapeutics for better treatment.

Published
2021

42. Modelling the Effect of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI), Biochar (BC) and Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron/Biochar (nZVI/BC) on the Adsorption/Reduction of Nitrobenzene (NB)

Author

Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya and Mohd Yunus Shukor

Abstract

In most instances, there exists an inaccuracy in interpretation of adsorption/reduction of substances using linear technique as it can only provide an approximate value of the measured parameter; the specific adsorption rate. This paper provides for the first-time modelling of the effect of nZVI/BC, nZVI and Biochar (BC) on the adsorption/reduction of nitrobenzene as modelled using Pseudo-1st order (PFO), Pseudo-2nd Order (PSO), Elovich and Avrami models. Pseudo-1st Order was the best model for nZVIBCg, whereas Pseudo-2nd Order was the best model for nZVI and BC on Nitrobenzene (NB) removal based on statistical dependencies that were used such as root-mean-squire error (RMSE), bias factor (BF), Akaike information criterion (AICc) and the adjusted coefficient of determination. Justifiably from the results, coupling nZVI and BC together will help in reducing more of NB than when individual compounds are used.

Published
2020
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43. Modelling the Growth of Enterobacter sp. on Polyethylene

Author

Salihu Yahuza, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, and Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo

Abstract

Although standard, the use of linearization techniques using natural logarithm transformation is erroneous and can only give an estimated value for the measured parameter; the specific growth rate. For the first time, in this paper, we present different kinetic models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and most recent Huang were employed to obtain values for the above constants or parameters from Enterobacter sp. growth on polyethylene. Huang model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value and lowest RMSE value. The Accuracy and Bias Factors values were close to unity (1.0). The Huang parameters such as Ymax (bacterial growth upper asymptote), λ (lag time), µmax (maximum specific bacterial growth rate) and A or Y0 (bacterial growth lower asymptote) were found to be 1.367 (95% confidence interval of 1.322 - 1.412), 2.683 (95% confidence interval of 2.030 - 3.337), 0.322 (95% confidence interval of 0.252 - 0.392) and 0.324 (95% confidence interval of 0.278 - 0.370).

Published
2020
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44. Prediction of Cumulative Death Cases in The United States Due to COVID-19 Using Mathematical Models

Author

Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor, Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Salihu Yahuza, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, and Surajo Adamu Wada

Abstract

In this paper, we present different growth models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified Logistics and Huang in fitting and analyzing the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in the form of total number of death cases of SARS-COV-2 in The United States as of 20th of July 2020. The MMF model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value with the lowest RMSE value. The accuracy and bias factors values were close to unity (1.0). The parameters obtained from the MMF model include maximum growth of death rate (log) of 0.048 (95% ci from 0.047 to 0.048), curve constant (d) that affects the inflection point of 2.34 (95% ci from 2.31 to 2.38) and maximal total number of death (ymax) of 151,356 (95% ci from 147,911 to 154,525). The MMF predicted that the total number of death cases for The United States on the coming 20th of August and 20th of September 2020 will be 148,183 (95% ci of 149,199 to 147,173) and 153,780 (95% ci of 152,640 to 154,928), respectively. The predictive ability of the model utilized in this study is a powerful tool for epidemiologist to monitor and assess the severity of COVID-19 in The United States in months to come. However, as with any other model, these values need to be taken with caution due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 situation locally and globally.

Published
2020
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45. Modelling the Inhibitory Effect of SiO2-coated Zero-valent Iron/palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles (Sio2-nZVI/Pd) Reductant on Pseudomonas putida as the Biocatalyst for 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether Degradation

Author

Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya, Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, and Salihu Yahuza

Abstract

The used of linearization technique using natural logarithm transformation, though standard, is erroneous and can just give an estimated value for the sole parameter measured; the specific growth rate. in this paper, for the first time we model the effect of nZVI/Pd and SiO2-nZVI/Pd nanoparticles on the growth of P. putida in MSM medium as modelled using models such as von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified logistics and the most recent Huang. The results show that the lag phases of P. putida cell at 4 h (0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 7.655 h (1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 11.76 h (0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) and 22.03 h (1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) respectively, which were longer than that of control, indicating the nanoparticles prolonged the exponential phase of cell growth. Moreover, in comparing the maximum growth ymax, which was 1.23x109, there was a decrease in the P. putida growth, i.e 1.20x109 (0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 1.06x109 (1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 1.04x109 (0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) and 8.59x108 (1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) respectively, with more decrease in growth at the P. putida growth with nZVI/Pd than SiO2-nZVI/Pd. On the other hand, when comparing the µmax, the control has a value of 0.08 while 0.073, 0.073, 0.089 and 0.86 are values at bacterial concentration of (0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), (1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), (0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) and (1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) respectively, indicating the specific growth rate decreases with both 0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd and 1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd and increases with 0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd and 1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd. It is clear from the results that coating of SiO2 on nZVI/Pd might drastically decrease the toxicity to P. putida cells.

Published
2020
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46. Beyond Atoms and Accidents

Author

Bilal Ibrahim

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Philosophy, Religious studies, Ontology (information science), Epistemology
Abstract

This article explores a novel approach to the analysis of the external world in postclassical Ashʿarite kalām. While discussions of physical reality and its fundamental constituents in the classical period of Islamic thought turned chiefly on the opposing views of kalām atomism and Aristotelian hylomorphism, in the postclassical period kalām thinkers in the Ashʿarite tradition forge a new frame of inquiry. Beginning most earnestly with the philosophical works of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, a critical approach is developed addressing received views in ontology, including the relation of substance to accident, the status of Aristotelian form and matter, and part-to-whole relations. Drawing on Rāzī’s al-Mulakhkhaṣ and al-Mabāḥith, kalām thinkers develop several concepts to distinguish arbitrary or mind-dependent (iʿtibārī) composites (‘man-plus-stone’) from non-arbitrary composites (e.g., tree, paste, and house). Most notably, they adopt a substance-plus-accident ontology in opposition to the Aristotelian hylomorphism of falsafa. The mutakallimūn will conceive of composites as possessing ‘real unity’ (ḥaqīqa muttaḥida) while dispensing with the explanatory and causal role of Aristotelian substantial forms.

Published
2020
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50. Disparities and outcomes in young adults admitted for gastric cancer in the US

Author

Rafaella Litvin, Vaishali Deenadayalan, Muhammad Bilal Ibrahim, and Michelle Ishaya

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

298 Background: Although global incidence of gastric cancer has been decreasing over the past decades, an upward trend has been reported in younger patients and certain ethnic groups over the past few years. The reason for this epidemiological trend is not fully understood, but differences in presentation and prognosis suggest that gastric cancer in the young might represent a different clinical entity. Here, we seek to identify differences in demographic characteristics and outcomes between young adults and older patients admitted for gastric cancer. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we identified all adult patients admitted primarily for gastric cancer from 2016 to 2019. We analyzed demographic characteristics of young adults (defined as those aged between 20 and 49-years-old) and older patients (aged 50 and above) as well as differences in in-hospital mortality, total hospital charges, and length of stay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust for confounders. Results: During the period studied, 77,720 patients were admitted with gastric cancer, of which 9,650 (12.4%) were young adults and 68,115 (87.6%) were old individuals. Young adults were more likely to be female (42.4 vs. 35.6%, p < 0.01). Hispanics comprised 30.9% of admissions for gastric cancer of young adults (vs. 15% in older adults p-value

Published
2023
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