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Objective: To investigate the association between folate levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk during the whole pregnancy. Design: In this retrospective cohort study of pregnant women, serum folate levels were measured before 24 gestational weeks (GW). GDM was diagnosed between 24th and 28th GW based on the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. General linear models were performed to examine the association of serum folate with plasma glucose (i.e. linear regressions) and risk of GDM (i.e. log-binomial regressions) after controlling for confounders. Restricted cubic spline regression was conducted to test the dosage–response relationship between serum folate and the risk of GDM. Setting: A sigle, urban hospital in Shanghai, China. Participants: A total of 42 478 women who received antenatal care from April 2013 to March 2017 were included. Results: Consistent positive associations were observed between serum folate and plasma glucose levels (fasting, 1-h, 2-h). The adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI of GDM across serum folate quartiles were 1·00 (reference), 1·15 (95 % CI (1·04, 1·26)), 1·40 (95 % CI (1·27, 1·54)) and 1·54 (95 % CI (1·40, 1·69)), respectively (P -for-trend < 0·001). The positive association between serum folate and GDM remained when stratified by vitamin B12 (adequate v. deficient groups) and the GW of serum folate measurement (≤13 GW v. >13 GWs) Conclusions: The findings of this study may provide important evidence for the public health and clinical guidelines of pregnancy folate supplementation in terms of GDM prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Rupture of fetal membranes is a crucial event at parturition, which is preceded by extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our recent studies have demonstrated that the human fetal membranes are capable of de novo synthesis of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), an acute phase protein, and the abundance of SAA1 in the amnion was increased at parturition. However, the exact role of SAA1 in human parturition remains to be established. Method of study: The effects of SAA1 on the abundance of collagenases and lysyl oxidase, the enzyme that cross‐links collagens, were investigated in culture primary human amnion fibroblasts and tissue explants with an aim to examine the involvement of SAA1 in the ECM remodeling in the amnion. Results: Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) time‐ and dose‐dependently increased the abundance of collagenases MMP‐1, MMP‐8, and MMP‐13, while decreased the abundance of lysyl oxidase‐like 1 (LOXL1). These effects of SAA1 were attenuated by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 and its antagonist CLI‐095, but not by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TLR2. Furthermore, the inhibitors for NF‐κB (JSH‐23) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) could also attenuate the effects of SAA1, while the inhibitor for MAPK ERK1/2 (PD 98059) could block the effects of SAA1 only on MMP‐1, MMP‐8, and LOXL1 but not on MMP‐13. Conclusion: These data highlight a possible role for SAA1 in ECM remodeling preceding membrane rupture by regulating the expression of collagenases MMP‐1, MMP‐8, MMP‐13, and LOXL1 through TLR4‐mediated activation of the NF‐κB and MAPK pathways in amnion fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)