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During the growing season sugar beet requires careful care, this crop being affected by many diseases and pests. In general, sugar beet is known as a plant susceptible to a significant number of diseases caused by various pathogens, which requires for agricultural practice the need to know in depth both the symptoms of each disease and the most effective prevention measures. Fall and rot of seedlings is caused by a group of soil fungi (Pythium spp., Phoma betae Fr., Aphanomyces spp. Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani). The action of the above mentioned pathogens depends at great extent on the climatic conditions. Considering the fact that the purpose of plant protection is to keep crops healthy and free of weeds, as one of the main premises of the manifestation of the protection capacity, we can conclude that the objective must be achieved in conditions where the production increase is higher value, than the cost of the measures applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania's water resources are formed by surface waters such us: rivers, lakes, the Danube River (≈ 90%) and underground waters (≈10%). Water pollution not only affects water quality but also threats human health, economic developments & social prosperity. The characterization of surface water quality is the overall assessment of the analytical results obtained periodically in monitoring system. The study presented in this paper aims to monitoring the water quality of the Someș River, along its route in Dej locality, characterizing some physical and chemical quality indicators, namely pH, conductivity and turbidity, between March and May period, 2018. The result reveal that pH over the entire experimental period were within the limits given by the Standard regarding the Surface Water Quality, respectively 6.5- 8.5 pH units. The average values obtained for the conductivity are within the normal range for surface waters. The evolution of the medium values obtained for turbidity was atypical in the sense that maximum average values were 7.54 NTU for the whole experimental period in one point of monitoring, the Standard limit being 5 NTU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical waste is the total waste generated by health institutions, research institutes and laboratories. In addition, they include waste from "minor" or "diffuse" sources, such as those produced during home care (dialysis, insulin injections). The most common and investigated causes of the risks associated with medical waste are lesions due to injuries involving sharp objects such as needles, blades, etc. They are often in contact with pathogens. In the present paper, we will present the general aspects of medical waste, as well as the main stages of its management, according to the measures imposed by the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our days, modern consumers are more preoccupied by issues related to food ethics and a sustainable consumption, mainly because of the various possibilities of gathering information of how it is produced, leading to question the conventional agriculture in favor of the organic farming and organic agriculture and organic products seem to meet their needs, as health attributes became almost more and more important. The aim of this present study was to highlight the consumer's perception towards organic farming within the North-West Development Region of Romania, by using a survey based on questionnaire, applied on a sample of 420 respondents. The collected and analyzed data can be organized into three main categories: socio-demographic characteristics, perception about organic agriculture, and perception about organic products. The descriptive statistics and chi-square were used to analyze the data. The sample consists in 33.6% female consumers, and 66.4% male consumers. The age distribution was relatively uniform between the age categories of 30-59 while only 9.3% of respondents aged over 60 years. Regarding the educational leval of the respondents, most of them graduated high school, while only 1% had no studies. The study revealed that there was an influence between the respondent's socio-demographic profile and their perception towards organic agriculture. Regarding the gender, it seems that the vast majority of respondents who agreed that organic agriculture protects the environment, and disagreed with the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in organic farming, ware of male gender. In what concerns the educational level, it can be noticed that the respondents with a higher education level (at least high school) disagreed with using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in organic farming, and with the statement that organic agriculture can be sufficient to ensure the necessary of agricultural products nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ash resulting from wood combustion constitutes a waste disposal problem to facility owners. The use of ash fertilizer or soil amendment could provide nutrients for agriculture if its nutrient content is adequate and it does not contain harmful amounts of heavy metals. The recycling of nutrients bound in ash would provide an inexpensive solution to waste problem. In our study, we aimed to characterize ash and clinker resulted from incineration of oak waste resulted from wood industry, in order to identify the possibility of their using as soil fertilizer, or amendment. XRF spectrometry was used for sample qualitative and quantitative analyze. It emphasizes the presence of the calcium silicate and sodium aluminum silicate as mineral phases in the economizer component of the furnace facility. Nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn) occur in higher concentration in electrofilter ash compared to economizer ash and clinker. Six macroelements (Si, Na, Ba, Cl, Br, S), and 13 trace heavy metals were identified in ash and clinker (Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Cr, Co, W). Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn concentrations frame within limits mentioned in literature, while Cu, Co and Pb concentration in economizer ash is higher, compared to available literature. Hg, As and Cd are not identified in ash and clinker. In economizer ash, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn occur within limits specified by at least one available normative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the big importance of potato cultures as food source worldwide, the phytosanitary protection of this vegetal crop is an important component of all managerial practices. In this context, we mention Alternaria solani Sorauer fungus attack as major threat in wet climatic conditions. The aim of our study is to emphasize the role of biostatistics in analyzing results of alternariosis control in potato cultures maintained in climatic conditions specific to Transylvanian Plane, which receive mineral a fertilization, and treated with specific phytosanitary products. A bifactorial trial (fertilization, treatment, 3 x 2) was installed in a private farm located in Poienii village with variants: control with no fertilization and no phytosanitary treatment (V1), fertilized with compost and treated with Alcupral 50 PU (V2), and fertilized with N50P60K80 and treated with Alcupral 50 PU (V3). The attack degrees were weekly recorded during April up to September 2014. The climatic parameters were monitored with an automatic measuring station. STATISTICA 7.0 v. programme was implemented in order to assure the basis of biostatistical approach. The implementation of biostatistical tools demonstrate the importance of using this method, due to synthetic and accurate results. They demonstrate the superiority of treatment with Alcupral 50 PU in cultures fertilized with mineral fertilizer N50P60K80. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pear is one of the most consumed fruit all over the world. In Romania also is among most cultivated fruit. It is due, not only to preference of fruit consumers, but also because it is a most valuable raw material for genuine natural beverage product "tuica". The trial was developed in a private nursery from Vâlcele, county of Cluj. Pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were used. Three fertilization variants were used: NPK (15:15:15) - control, fly ash, and magnetic fertilizer. The seedlings' development was assessed in mid-October, by measuring the shoots' growing, and trunk diameter at 5 cm height above ground. Data were statistically processed with STATISTICA v. 7.0 for Windows. The administration of magnetic fertilizer led to best results, compared to N15P15K15 mineral fertilizer and fly ash, concerning the evolution of shoots' height and trunk diameters within nursery conditions. Even though, the use of magnetic fertilizer led to weakest correlation between shoots' height and trunk diameter. These results led us to conclude that further research is needed in order to state the influence of unconventional fertilization upon pear seedlings development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with the year 2007, the packages from the plant protection products (PPP) may be taught free of charge by farmers to escape - the system for the collection of the packs of pesticides of AIPROM. The system is, from 2007, a solution devoted for the collection of packages from of plant protection products. To manufacturers, importers, traders and distributors of products utiliate in plant protection must be provided for GO 4 1/2007, obligation to recover empty packaging from farmers, Users of ppp obligation to perform the operation of triple-rinsing of the packaging at the time your use of the product, and return of packages so pancakes from his suppliers. He currently has active centers for the collection at the national level, organised on the premises of deposits of the leading distributors of ppp, where schools are held twice a year, campaigns for the collection directly at the site of farms, which have more than 30 cubic meters of packaging. The acquisition of packages shall be made free of charge, subject to compliance with the rules for taking over this system, or packages of plastic and metal must be decontaminated by triple-rinse, to be dry. clean, and to have separate covers, and packages of paper, bags or boxes, must be cleaned and compacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their origins, rural development programs have considered the county level as the axis on which to implement their development strategies. Taking Tajo-Salor County (Extremadura, Spain) as a reference, this research analyzes the assessment that some of the agents directly involved in the implementation of these programs make of the suitability of the configuration of their territorial scope, as well as the achievement of their objectives. For it, the case study methodology is used, in which fieldwork is carried out where the main source of information will be interviews with promoters of tourism projects. The results show that Tajo-Salor County can be considered as a paradigmatic example of an "artificial" configuration of the territory, showing that, among those interviewed, there is no feeling of county. This has consequences on the assessment that local actors make of the implementation of the development program: those areas that do not feel part of the county have a much more negative assessment of the results obtained than the rest. This is a lesson that this case study offers; the political and technical managers of these programs should bear in mind in the future definition of the territories that apply this type of development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to correlate the effect of electromagnetic field on Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. nanus plants, in the greenhouse conditions and the action of conventional and unconventional phytosanitary treatments. The study was carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj - Napoca, in the spring of 2016. The system for generating the electromagnetic field on the plants in the greenhouse experiments consists in a microwave generator and an open dipole antenna, of total length 7.3 m, located at a distance of 50 cm above the pots with plants. The experiments aim the use of foliar treatments with Bio Flama (unconventional treatment) and Captan 80WDG (conventional treatment). For processing the data, STATISTICA v.8.0 for Windows was used. The simple correlations were obtained by using the " Basic statistics" facility from the statistical program. Under greenhose conditions, multiple correlations of low intensity were identified in the absence of phytosanitary treatments and when applying phytosanitary treatments, weak (and medium to strong correlation were recorded on the electromagnetic field. In the absence of irradiation and phytosanitary treatments a multiple average correlation was reported, while when applying Captan 80WDG and Bio Flama, the correlations were medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]