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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents in the general Japanese population using a depression self-rating scale and determine whether this prevalence varies according to age, gender, or region. Method: The Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale for children (DSRS) was used to examine the extent to which depressive tendencies were present among 2,453 elementary and middle-school children (6 to 15 years old) in two cities in Japan. Results: The mean DSRS score was high at 8.75 5.66. A significant increase in score was observed with increasing age. There were no significant differences between regions. Using a DSRS cutoff score of 15 points as a risk of depression, the scores of 14.9% of the subjects exceeded the cutoff. Conclusions: As determined using the DSRS, a high proportion of Japanese children and adolescents have depressive tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents in the general Japanese population using a depression self-rating scale and determine whether this prevalence varies according to age, gender, or region. METHOD: The Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale for children (DSRS) was used to examine the extent to which depressive tendencies were present among 2,453 elementary and middle-school children (6 to 15 years old) in two cities in Japan. RESULTS: The mean DSRS score was high at 8.75 +/- 5.66. A significant increase in score was observed with increasing age. There were no significant differences between regions. Using a DSRS cutoff score of 15 points as a risk of depression, the scores of 14.9% of the subjects exceeded the cutoff. CONCLUSIONS: As determined using the DSRS, a high proportion of Japanese children and adolescents have depressive tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed to determine whether the diagnosis of depressive disorder in childhood has construct validity and to develop a self-rating scale for depression in childhood. (Author/DB)

• Early mobilisation is not associated with the odds of death by 30 days in this cohort of ICH patients. • Mobilisation within 24 h is independently associated with lower mean systolic BP and lower variability in diastolic BP over 24–72 h post stroke. • Our BP findings do not provide support for a policy of strict bed rest during the first 24 h after onset of ICH. Very early rehabilitation after stroke appears to worsen outcome, particularly in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Plausible mechanisms include increased mean blood pressure (BP) and BP variability. To test associations between early mobilisation, subacute BP and survival, in observational data of ICH patients during routine clinical care. We collected demographic, clinical and imaging data from 1372 consecutive spontaneous ICH patients admitted between 2 June 2013 and 28 September 2018. Time to first mobilisation (defined as walking, standing, or sitting out-of-bed) was extracted from electronic records. We evaluated associations between early mobilisation (within 24 h of onset) and both subacute BP and death by 30 days using multifactorial linear and logistic regression analyses respectively. Mobilisation at 24 h was not associated with increased odds of death by 30 days when adjusting for key prognostic factors (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.1, p = 0.07). Mobilisation at 24 h was independently associated with both lower mean systolic BP (−4.5 mmHg, 95% CI −7.5 to −1.5 mmHg, p = 0.003) and lower diastolic BP variability (−1.3 mmHg, 95% CI −2.4 to −0.2 mg, p = 0.02) during the first 72 h after admission. Adjusted analysis in this observational dataset did not find an association between early mobilisation and death by 30 days. We found early mobilisation at 24 h to be independently associated with lower mean systolic BP and lower diastolic BP variability over 72 h. Further work is needed to establish mechanisms for the possible detrimental effect of early mobilisation in ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Horizonte Médico is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PDOT (Parkinson's Disease Occupational Therapy) was a pilot randomised controlled trial investigating occupational therapy for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibiting difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL). This article describes the process undertaken to design and record the intervention. Intervention development was informed by the current evidence base and practice consensus. An expert steering group synthesised this information to develop an intervention framework. A recording tool was identified from a previous occupational therapy trial and adopted for PDOT. This was completed for all participants receiving the intervention, capturing the dose and content of therapy delivered. Nineteen participants received occupational therapy. A mean number of 5.7 visits was delivered over 60.3 days, with the initial visit lasting 60 minutes (median) and subsequent visits lasting 50 minutes (median). The intervention log demonstrated that a large proportion of therapist visits involved equipment provision/environmental adaptation, mobility/transfers/ADL training, review/discussion, and the teaching of techniques/provision of education. The intervention developed was found to be feasible and acceptable, and the findings of PDOT have been used to inform a phase III rehabilitation trial (PD REHAB). The intervention log has been revised in light of the findings and will be used within this trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an expectation that all occupational therapists will be evidence-based practitioners. This paper reports on an education intervention that has helped therapists working in clinical practice to respond to the challenges posed by evidence-based practice. The intervention was developed for a group of clinicians who had already undertaken an evidence-based practice course. The aim was to enable them to apply evidence-based practice skills to their practice settings. The intervention, which used the problem of evidence-tinged practice as a focus, is described and the ten commandments generated by the clinicians involved are presented for others as a potentially useful tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impaired social communication and interactions, as well as constrained and repetitive manifestations of interests and behaviors. Various interventions at cognitive and behavioral levels aim to address impaired social communication and interaction in individuals with ASD. This study systematically explores the transferability of social training in individuals with ASD, guided by the conceptual model known as the FIELD framework (Function, Implement, Ecology, Level, and Durability). Employing the PRISMA methodology, 52 original experiments were included in the study. The transfer analysis, formulated as a conceptual meta-analysis based on the effect sizes, underscores the significant impact of variables including age, severity of autism, intervention tools, intervention intensity, intervention context, and intervention duration on the transferability of social training in individuals with ASD. The transfer of skills was particularly conspicuous among younger individuals, especially in face-to-face interventions, in contrast to digital alternatives. Moreover, cognitive interventions exhibited superior transferability compared to behavioral interventions, especially when administered with a higher intervention dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: An internal model deficit is considered to underlie developmental coordination disorder (DCD); thus, children with DCD have an altered sense of agency (SoA), which is associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the perception of action-outcome regularity is present in early development, is involved in the generation of SoA, and has roles in adaptive motor learning and coordinated motor skills. However, perceptual sensitivity to action-outcome regularity has not been examined in children with DCD. Methods: We investigated perceptual sensitivity to action-outcome regularity in 6–15-year-old children with DCD and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children. Both groups were assessed for coordinated motor skills with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition, while the DCD group was assessed with the DCD Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale, and Depression Self- Rating Scale for Children. Results: Perceptual sensitivity to action-outcome regularity was significantly reduced in children with DCD. However, there was a significant correlation between perceptual sensitivity to action-outcome regularity and age in DCD and TD children. Perceptual sensitivity to action-outcome regularity was significantly lower in younger children with DCD than in younger and older TD children, but there were no significant differences between older children with DCD and younger and older TD children. Conclusion: The current results suggest that children with DCD have significantly reduced perceptual sensitivity to action-outcome regularity at younger ages, which may alter SoA and inhibit internal model development, thereby reducing motor skill coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aim to provide an overview of current issues facing child and adolescent mental health services and the provision of developmentally informed and appropriate care., Method: We review developmental models of mental disorder and the impact on service design., Results: Developmental issues can shape service design., Conclusions: Mental health services need to be informed and responsive to changing developmental needs and of the context of child development in terms of family and attachment relationships. Children and adolescents have specific needs in terms of service design.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the basis of the 'youth model' and new 'headspace' service delivery structures, proposed as a solution to the problem of high rates of psychiatric disorder in the youth period of life. Several issues were examined through asking key questions and answering these from the perspective of two academically oriented child and adolescent psychiatrists., Conclusions: As half of all mental disorders appear during childhood and early adolescence, more research into the origin and emergence of these problems should focus on this early period of life. Prevention research should also focus largely on children and adolescents, with interventions targeted through sequential assessment at pivotal stages. The current problem of access to mental health care for youth in the adult mental health service system could be improved with additional funding and culture change - it is not necessary to create a new service system. Indeed, there are dangers in establishing new services for 12-25-year-olds, as the 12-17-year-old population has different needs from 18-25-year-olds. In particular, the younger group are at risk of 'adultification' by being grouped together with young adults, and this risk needs to be actively managed. Health service planning must pay attention to developmental differences. Several suggestions are proposed for addressing the mental health needs of young adults.

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder in children and adolescents, with a global prevalence of approximately 33%, severely affecting their physical, mental health, and academic performance. This study aims to identify and assess the 100 most-cited articles (T100 articles) on depression in children and adolescents. Methods: The T100 articles in the field of depression were retrieved from the SCI-E and SSCI databases. A comprehensive analysis of the T100 articles was conducted, including the number of citations, countries, journals, keywords, authors, and topics. Results: Between 1981 and 2021, T100 articles in child and adolescent depression received 423 to 3949 citations. Most articles originated from the USA, with Kovacs M as the top-ranked author. The University of Pittsburgh and Columbia University published the top two T100 articles. The T100 articles were published in 36 journals, led by AMA Psychiatry. Co-occurrence keywords analyses reveal six key foci: Pathogenesis of Depression, Treatment of MDD in Children, Early Childhood Treatment, Adolescent Depression Manifestations, Gender and Depression, and Primary Care Considerations, with pathogenesis as a future trend. Conclusions: Our research presents an exhaustive list of the most highly cited articles on depression in children and adolescents. Our findings not only underscore the significance of international cooperation but also reveal a pressing need to prioritize and bolster preventive research, particularly the development and refinement of early screening and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Psiquiatria del Nino y el Adolescente (AEPNyA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to examine the association between appearance comparison and adolescent depressive symptoms, the mediating role of body appreciation, and the moderating roles of gender and body-mass index (BMI) among adolescents in different age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 2645 Chinese students aged 12– 16 years (44.7% girls) participated. The measurements included depressive symptoms, appearance comparison, body appreciation, weight, and height. Multigroup path analysis was used to examine the moderated mediation model. Results: Compared with boys, adolescent girls presented greater levels of appearance, which increased with age. Body appreciation mediated the association between appearance comparison and depressive symptoms in girls, whereas appearance comparison directly correlated with depressive symptoms in boys. Body appreciation decreased with increasing BMI in boys but remained relatively stable in girls. Similar patterns were observed among junior and senior high school students. Conclusion: This study underscores the significant relationship between appearance comparison and adolescent depressive symptoms, suggesting varied mechanisms based on gender and BMI levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and management of health policies in low and middle income countries is challenged by political and financial restrictions, requiring tailored strategies that health systems and policy makers in high income countries may not be able to offer. Evolving into a learning organization requires diagnostic tools to assess how well teams, departments and institutions are performing and help identify areas for improvement. The learning organization survey fulfils these goals through the building blocks. The aim of this study is to translate the Garvin's et al. Learning Organization (LO) survey into French to evaluate French-speaking health organizations. We used the Brislin modified reverse translation technique to translate the survey, before cross-culturally adapting the survey through a workshop of experts and a committee of judges with an index of the validity of IVC content = 80%. We also examined the dimensions of the survey according to categorized groups of professions namely doctors and medical students and trainees, nurses and administration and technical staff. The survey was conducted with a sample of 111 workers from the National Oncology Institute of Rabat, with responsiveness rate of 65%. The established validation criteria were exceeded with a good internal consistency, demonstrated by a cronbach alpha coefficient superior to 0.8 in each block. Variations between the different groups were noted in the different dimensions with the doctors group having higher scores. The French version of the LO questionnaire demonstrated good psychometric properties to be considered a useful and reliable tool capable of objectively assessing learning organizations and setting areas for their improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment (CM), including abuse and neglect, is a crucial factor that distorts child development. CM is associated with alterations in numerous brain regions, and may be associated with hormonal dysregulation. This study aimed to investigate differences in secretion patterns of cortisol (CT) and oxytocin (OT) among children who experienced CM, children living in residential care facilities and in unstable environments. Among 38 maltreated children, 23 (mean age = 12.2 years, SD = 3.0) were categorized as "Settled" and 15 (mean age = 13.1 years, SD = 2.2) as "Unsettled." Twenty-six age- and gender-matched (mean age = 12.6 years, SD = 2.1), typically developing (TD) children were also included. Clinical and psychological assessments, including IQ and trauma evaluations, were conducted for all participants. Age, gender, and full-scale IQ were used as covariates in hormone analysis. Two saliva samples were collected, one on awakening and the other at bedtime. There were significant differences in the awakening CT levels of the "Unsettled" group, and in bedtime OT levels in the "Settled" group as compared with TD children, and between CM groups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in trauma-symptomatic depression scores between the "Settled" and "Unsettled" CM group. These results suggest that CT diurnal secretions tend to be reactive to current stress rather than previous experience. OT diurnal secretions are presumably hyper-regulated for coping with the environment to survive and thrive. By measuring salivary CT/OT diurnal patterns, hormonal dysregulation of CM children living in "Settled" environments and "Unsettled" environments was indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early onset dysthymic disorder (EODD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is associated with impaired social and relationship functioning, comorbid psychiatric conditions, a chronic course and increased risk for adult affective disorders. Unlike major depressive disorder (MDD) in childhood, which has been the focus of ongoing research, EODD has been relatively neglected in clinical practice and research. This paper reviews and evaluates EODD research findings and outlines pertinent clinical and research implications.

Objective: This paper argues that adolescent psychiatry is best linked with child psychiatry and opposes separate youth mental health programmes for 12-25-year-olds. It reports on the current status of services and considers how adult mental health services (AMHS) can improve services for young adults (18-25-year-olds)., Method: Factors in development, psychopathology, prevention, training and service systems are reviewed to suggest that current child and adolescent mental health service systems (CAMHS) are appropriate for 0-17-year-olds. Improvements in CAMHS are described from a Victorian perspective, including the model of specialist clinical programmes or teams for specific patient populations. Mechanisms are outlined for AMHS to better assist young adults from 18 to 25 years of age., Results: The model of clinical projects or clinical programme teams, developed in partnership with primary health and others, is a suitable vehicle to help AMHS to improve clinical services to their young adult populations. These may be funded from a variety of sources, including re-engineering existing service resources., Conclusions: Such developments complement the work of specialist research units and build local competencies. More programme development and evaluation is needed, which will require the support of the College and State and Commonwealth Mental Health Branches.

Key Performance Indicators are used increasingly by health services, but their relevance and utility may be questionable. In this article, Program Theory is used to model the irreducible stages in the system of clinical care in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, define the major program operations in each of these stages, and specify the intermediate outcomes of each stage and the final outcomes sought. National and State policy standards are used, with practice experience, to identify key program operations and intermediate outcomes sought. Systematic criteria are then applied to select KPIs that are measurable, reliable, valid for our program theory, utilitarian, and relevant to clinicians, clients and managers.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to describe an organisational model that has created interest in recent business management literature as supporting learning, adaptation and continuous improvement., Method: Some key features of the literature on learning organisations are outlined, including the values and processes involved, together with a structural and cultural template that has been applied to a community child and adolescent mental health service. Some blocks to learning and the leadership skills required to develop adaptive services are described., Results: The experience of applying the model has led to a change in mental health service organisational structure and culture towards greater support for research, quality improvement, experimentation and adaptation., Conclusions: The learning organisation model offers a more comprehensive framework for designing adaptive mental health services and supporting quality management practices than any other recent organisational form.

School-based crisis intervention constitutes an iterative and dynamic process strategically designed to enhance the overall well-being of a school community following a crisis experience. It is an ongoing and evolving process that provides immediate support to trauma, promotes positive coping strategies, and prevents long-term psychological impairment. This research proposal endeavors to formulate and execute a comprehensive school crisis intervention program to address the well-being of bullied pupils. The primary objective is cultivating and implementing an empirically informed bullying intervention program seamlessly integrated into the school's responsive services network. Employing a program development research design incorporating qualitative and quantitative methodologies, data will be systematically collected from a cohort of 120 adolescent pupils ages 11 to 16 at schools within the De La Salle West Luzon Cluster. The outcomes of this investigation are poised to contribute significantly to establishing a standardized crisis intervention protocol in educational institutions with a specialized emphasis on addressing the pervasive issue of bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying major depression in children and adolescents is more challenging than in adults. Questionnaires are often used for screening or guiding clinical assessment. Several instruments of different lengths are used as equivalent measures in diagnostic decisions. In this paper, we explore to what extent 18 commonly used depression scales for children and adolescents explore depression clinical symptoms as established by standard DSM-5 diagnosis criteria. We analyzed scale content adequacy by examining the overlap between scale contents and consensus clinical symptoms, the diagnostic time frame for active symptom assessment, and readability for the target age group. The 18 scales encompassed 52 distinct symptoms. These scales included just 50% of clinical symptoms required for diagnosis. The content overlap was low; on average, 29% of symptoms coincide across scales. Half of the scales did not use the standard period for active symptom appraisal, and some did not include a period for assessment. The reading levels on six scales were inappropriate for the scale's target population age group. The substantial heterogeneity in defining the depressive syndrome, the low overlap among scales, different periods of a positive diagnosis, and mismatch of reading competence for detecting may lead to heterogeneity in clinical diagnoses when using different scales. Improving the content of self-report in terms of homogeneity of diagnostic criteria would lead to better diagnostic decisions and patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]